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The c\u00e8ze  Sautadet waterfalls in La Roque-sur-C\u00e8ze.  C\u00e8ze course. Features Length 128.3 km  [ first ] Bowl 1 360 km 2  [ 2 ] Collector the Rh\u00f4ne Medium flow 22 m 3 \/s (at the confluence with the Rh\u00f4ne) Manager Abc\u00e8ze or mixed union of development of the c\u00e8ze watershed [ 2 ] Diet Pluvial C\u00e9venol Course Source source  \u00b7 Localisation  Saint-Andr\u00e9-Capc\u00e8ze  \u00b7 Altitude  798 m   \u00b7 Contact details  44 \u00b0 25 \u2032 36 \u2033 n, 3 \u00b0 58 \u2032 09 \u2033 e Confluence the Rh\u00f4ne  \u00b7 Localisation  Between Codolet and Laudun-l’ardoise  \u00b7 Altitude  27 m   \u00b7 Contact details  44 \u00b0 06 \u2032 18 \u2033 n, 4 \u00b0 42 \u2032 40 \u2033 e Geography Main tributaries  \u00b7 Left Bank  La Gani\u00e8re, La Clayssse  \u00b7 Right bank  L’Homol, le Luech Country crossed  France  Departments Loz\u00e8re, Gard, Ard\u00e8che Regions crossed Occitanie, Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes Sources : Sandre: ‘ V54-0400 \u00bb , Googleportail, Banque Hydro, Openstreetmap modifier         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The C\u00e8ze is a French river, tributary of the Rh\u00f4ne on the right bank, which flows mainly in the departments of Loz\u00e8re and Gard, in the Occitanie region. It also runs along the Department of Ard\u00e8che, in the Auvergne-Rh\u00f4ne-Alpes region, also binds over a kilometer.          (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4His name, in Occitan Cessation or This ser comes from a preceltic hydronym (probably a compound * zig-ar- > * success ). Medieval spellings ( Cicper in 817) testify to a Romance pronunciation close to that of Latin c\u012dc\u0115r , ‘Chickpea’ [ 3 ] (Occitan This ser ).   The first digging of the valley dates back to Burdigalien (second subdivision of the Miocene, from \u201320.44 to \u201315.97 million years): tectonic and eustatic events in the Rhodano-Proven\u00e7al basin in Miocene have generated several phases of digging and filling, with the main digging in the superior Burdigalian. Following which the C\u00e8ze valley underwent two sediment clearing phases: one during the Tortonian (“infra-tartonian”) and the other during the Messinian; Each of these two clearing phases being preceded by a filling phase. It differs in this from the Rh\u00f4ne valley, whose digging took place during the Messinian salinity crisis (5.96 to 5.33 million years) at the end of the Miocene [ 4 ] .  Source of the c\u00e8ze below the Samblonnet thing The length of its stream is 128.3 km [ first ] .The c\u00e8ze has its source in the department of Loz\u00e8re, in the territory of the town of Saint-Andr\u00e9-Capceze at an altitude of 798 meters, on the western slope of the neighboring summit called “Truc du Samblonnet” listed 973 m. It then flows into the Gard department, except a portion of approximately 1500 meters from its left bank located in the town of Malbosc, in the department of Ard\u00e8che. The river flows into the Rh\u00f4ne between Codolet and Laudun-l’Ardoise in the Gard department at the altitude of 27 meters.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Downstream of Barjac, it forms the lower valley of the C\u00e8ze or Val de C\u00e8ze. From Rochegude to the gates of Bagnols-sur-C\u00e8ze, the river has dug gorges which form a set certainly less spectacular than those of the Ard\u00e8che located about ten kilometers to the north, but worthy of interest and easier to ‘access. There are the Sautadet waterfalls, with its impressive formations cut in the rock. The villages of Montclus and La Roque-sur-C\u00e8ze, among the most beautiful villages in France, are located on the Gorges. Located north of the Gard department, and for a small part on the departments of Loz\u00e8re and Ard\u00e8che, the C\u00e8ze watershed occupies a total area of \u200b\u200b1,359 km 2 Of 99 municipalities including 85 in the Gard. The c\u00e8ze is cut by the S\u00e9n\u00e9chas dam – located in the municipalities of Chambon and Malbosc, upstream of Peyremale -, in its high valley, to the confluents of the homol and the Luech. This dam is a regulator (dancer), especially at the times of the floods (C\u00e9venols episodes), which protects the cities of Bess\u00e8ges and Saint-Ambroix located downstream.  His bed is parallel to the Ard\u00e8che bed. Table of ContentsMunicipalities crossed [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Watershed [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Manager [ modifier | Modifier and code ] La C\u00e8ze in La Roque-sur-C\u00e8ze [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Stalling or low waters [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Flood [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Water blade and specific flow [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Notes [ modifier | Modifier and code ] References [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Municipalities crossed [ modifier | Modifier and code ] In three departments, the c\u00e8ze crosses forty-one municipalities [ first ] . The most important are: Watershed [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The c\u00e8ze crosses the nine hydrographic zones V540, V541, V542, V543, V544, V545, V546, V547, V548 of 70 186 km 2 total area [ first ] . This watershed is made up of 43.56% of “Agricultural territories” , at 28.37% of “Forests and semi-natural environments” , at 5.54% of “Artificialized territories” , at 0.90% of “Water surfaces” , at 0.15% of ” wet area ” [ first ] . The area of \u200b\u200bthe c\u00e8ze watershed is 1,360 km 2 [ 2 ] or 1 359 km 2 [ 5 ] Manager [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The managing organization is the abc\u00e8ze or mixed union of development of the c\u00e8ze watershed [ 2 ] . The main tributaries of C\u00e8ze are, starting upstream: Left Bank :  Chandoulli\u00e8re Bournaves Niverette Lalle (vallat of) La Gani\u00e8re (RG), 27.3 km in seven municipalities with eighteen tributaries Montagnac (Vallat de) Plauzolle (Vallat de) Saint-Br\u00e8s (Vallat de) Malcap (Vallat de) Large vallat la Claysse, 21,9\u00a0 km Of five municipalities with nineteen tributaries. Millies Roumejac Destel (were you walled) Issarts (Vallat des) Rodi\u00e8res (stream of) Valbonne (Vallat de) Derb\u00e8ze or Passadouire  Confluence of the c\u00e8ze in the Rh\u00f4ne. right bank :  Chambonnet Connes L’Homol Lei lube Forge (Vallat de la) Row set Fontfr\u00e8de (Vallat de) Graveirolles (stream of) and its tributary the barnassac VEBRON (Vallat de) or Moulinet (Vallat du) Auzon (and its 19 tributaries including Auzonnet and Alauzen) Aiguillon (and its tributary the adegue) Vionne Purple (vallat of) Riaufr\u00e8s or Pijadon (Vallat) Roubine Tave (and its tributaries La Mayre, the Veyre, the La Brives stream, the Auzigues stream) The river experiences violent floods in the spring and fall and very low water periods in summer. In case of strong drought, it can even disappear completely over several hundred meters at the level of Tharals, as happened in September 2011 [ 6 ] and in August 2017 [ 7 ] . La C\u00e8ze in La Roque-sur-C\u00e8ze [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The interannual average flow of the c\u00e8ze was observed and calculated over a period of 53 years in La Roque-sur-C\u00e8ze (1961-2013). He goes up to 18 m 3 \/s For a 1,060 pool surface km 2 , that is the largest part (78%) of its watershed (1,359 km 2 ). The river presents seasonal flow fluctuations typical of the C\u00e9venol regime, with high fall and winter waters with double summit. The first summit takes place in October with an average monthly flow of 28.1 m 3 \/s , then after a drop to 23.4 m 3 \/s In December, a new summit occurs, ranging from 30 m 3 \/s In January at 26.3 in February. This period is followed by an intermediate and prolonged period of sustained flow throughout spring, ranging from 20.4 in March to 17 in May. From then on, we are witnessing a rapid fall in the flow, ending in a low-cost period in July-August with a drop in the average monthly flow at the level of 3.5 m 3 \/s These two months. From September the flow goes back [ 8 ] . Stalling or low waters [ modifier | Modifier and code ] In low water, the VCN3 can drop up to 1,2 m 3 \/s , in the event of a dry ten -year period. Flood [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Floods can be extremely important and are completely extraordinary in France and undoubtedly in Europe. This is also the case for its neighbors the Ard\u00e8che and the Gardon. They generally occur following C\u00e9venols thunderstorms. Indeed, the Qix 2 and the Qix 5 are 670 and 1,100 respectively m 3 \/s , which is huge for such a small watershed. The Qix 10, even more impressive, is 1,400 m 3 \/s , while the Qix 20 and Qix 50 display the gigantic figures of 1,700 and 2,100 m 3 \/s [ 8 ] . The maximum instantaneous flow recorded in La Roque-sur-C\u00e8ze was 2,010 m 3 \/s the first is October 1977 (debit much higher than the average rate of the Rh\u00f4ne), while the maximum daily speed was 1,200 m 3 \/s October 24 of the same year. Water blade and specific flow [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  The water blade in the river watershed is 537 millimeters annually, which is very high, but quite clearly lower than those of the Gardon and the Ard\u00e8che its neighbors, this being due to the very reduced area of Its high basin in the C\u00e9vennes chain, where precipitation is very abundant. The specific flow or QSP thus amounts to 17 liters per second and per square kilometer of the basin. The c\u00e8ze is a gold river like many rivers in the region. Gold panning was practiced there until the beginning of XIX It is century. The C\u00e8ze valley is subject to several environmental protection zones [ 9 ] , of which the following: Although not included in the central zone from ” C\u00e9vennes biosphere reserve \u00bbWho stops at the western limit of his watershed [ twelfth ] , it is indirectly affected by the zone tampon of this biosphere reserve [ 13 ] Through its tributaries already mentioned as part of the C\u00e9vennes National Park, which cause source in this zone tampon . In addition, all its route up to 10 km downstream from Saint-Ambroix is \u200b\u200bcovered by the transitional area of the Biosphere Reserve [ 14 ] (Increase the protection due to the C\u00e9vennes National Park). The Upper Vall\u00e9e de la C\u00e8ze has since been fully included in the 13,080 ha of the Special Conservation Zone (ZSP) Natura 2000 called ” High valleys of the c\u00e8ze and luech Under the Habitats Directive, within the C\u00e9vennes biosphere reserve . The types of cutlery included in this area are made up of 40% of coniferous forests, 20% non -resinous sempervirent forests, 20% of moors, brushwood , recrus , Maquis, Garrigues and Phrygana, 10% of caudifoliated forests, 5% of interior rocks and rocky scree, 2% of wet or improved mesophilic semi-natural prairies and 2% dry lawns. Part of these habitats, including mowing meadows and chestnut groves, are dependent on the maintenance of traditional human activities; These gradually ceasing, these environments are subject to the closing of the environment for mowing meadows, and the development of diseases and the destructuring for chestnut groves. Five resident sedentary species are registered in Annex II of the Habitats Directive: the common beaver ( Castor fiber ), the otter ( Luther Luther ), le blageon ( Teleses Souffia ), the crayfish with white legs ( Austropotamobius in the ball ) and the southern beard ( Barbus southern ). The common beaver ( Castor fiber ) and the otter ( Luther Luther ) have uninlamed populations there but on the sidelines of their distribution area; For the otter, this site is the only present in Mediterranean sides and therefore of capital importance for the colonization of Mediterranean rivers. The Natura 2000 site ” High valleys of the c\u00e8ze and luech \u00bbExplains 80% in the Gard and for 20% in Loz\u00e8re, with only around 370 ha in the town of Malbosc in Ard\u00e8che [ note 1 ] , [ 15 ] , [ 16 ] . La ZNIEFF \u00ab\u00a0 Average c\u00e8ze lessons \u00bb, Or 647.91 ha, concerns 16 municipalities [ note 2 ] And is fully understood in the C\u00e9vennes National Park. The targeted habitat is made of fallow land and vacant lots. The Natura 2000 file mentions two protected plant species throughout the metropolitan French territory: the officinal gratiole ( Gratiola officinalis , a scrophular) and the summer spiranthe ( Spiranthes aestivalis , an orchid) [ 17 ] . La ZNIEFF \u00ab\u00a0 C\u00e8ze river downstream of Saint-Ambroix \u00bbCovers 228 ha, comprising approximately 18 kilometers from the course of the C\u00e8ze and its resident wetlands (meadows and ripisylves, wasteland and wave grounds) between Saint-Ambroix from the dam upstream of the Ligui\u00e8re, and Tharal at the bridge of The D979 departmental road downstream from Rochegude. The altitude is between 110 m and 140 m. The municipalities concerned are those of All\u00e8gre-les-Fumades, Poteli\u00e8res, Rivi\u00e8res, Rochegude, Saint-Ambroix, Saint-Br\u00e8s, Saint-Denis, Saint-Jean-de-Maru\u00e9jols-et-Av\u00e9jan and Saint-Victor-de-Malcap. The protection targets the few wooded riverside areas which still remain between the cultivated plots of a relatively developed valley with urbanization. Five animal species are particularly targeted by this protective area: toxostom ( Parachondrostoma toxostoma , a fish), end -to -hand cordulia ( Oxygastra curtisii , a dragonfly), the European beaver ( Castor fiber ), the Vandoise ( Leuciscus leuciscus ) and the blageon ( Teleses Souffia ) – these last four having a regulated status [ 18 ] . The C\u00e8ze gorges in the Gard are protected for an area of \u200b\u200b3,557 ha by a Natura 2000 zone according to the Habitats directive, under the name of ” The c\u00e8ze and its gorges \u00bb. Here too we find for these gorges the bridge function between geographic regions to facilitate the colonization of the Mediterranean rivers by the otter, and vice versa to ensure the rise of migratory fish. The cliffs cut in the surrounding limestone platforms are favorable to several species of chiroptera, and there are typical habitats of Mediterranean vegetation on limestone (green oak, boxwood formations). Among the species present registered in Annex II of the Habitats Directive and in addition to the Beaver already quoted, we can point out 3 Odonates insects: the gommph with forked Camoids ( GOMPHUS Graslinii ), fine -body cordulia ( Oxygastra curtisii ) and splendid cordulia ( Macromia bright ); five fish including the very rare apron of the Rh\u00f4ne ( Zingel asper ) next to the blageon ( Teleses Souffia ), you toxostome ( Parachondrostoma toxostoma ), of the truity barbeau ( Barbus southern and Chabot ( Cottus gobio ); and three bats, two of which are of community interest: the Grand Rhinolophe ( Rhinolophus ferrumequinum ) and murin with outlined ears ( Myotis emarginatus ) [ 19 ] . The continental znieff type 1 of ” Gorges de la C\u00e8ze in Montclus \u00bb, About 7 km long on the downstream part of the gorges, concerns 381 ha in the town of Montclus with an altitude varying from 80 to 200 m; It goes from the summit which houses the prevel cave upstream, to the Martel mill downstream (these two landmarks are indicated on the staff card). Cultures are established in the major bed of the river, which is more spread out there than in upstream, and the site is very busy during the summer (tourism) in particular with three campsites on the edge of the c\u00e8ze. The area is almost entirely included in greater special protection ((ZPS) (bird directive) [ 20 ] . On other Wikimedia projects: C\u00e8ze , on Wikimedia Commons Notes [ modifier | Modifier and code ] \u2191 The municipalities concerned by the Natura 2000 site ” High valleys of the c\u00e8ze and luech ” are,Aujac,Bess\u00e8ges,Bonnevaux,Bordezac,Chambon,Chamborigaud,COMPOULS,G\u00e9nolhac (Luech valley),La Vernar\u00e8de (for about 10 ha in the north and a small fringe at the eastern limit),Malons-et-elze (approx. 720 ha in the south-east of the town),Meyrannes,Moli\u00e8res-sur-C\u00e8ze,Peyremale,Ponteils-et-Bresis,Rochessadoule,Saint-Ambroix,Saint-Br\u00e8sand S\u00e9n\u00e9chas; for the Thunder (20%): Saint-Andr\u00e9-Capc\u00e8ze,Saint-Maurice-de-Ventalon (approx. 180 ha around Luech)and vialas;Malbosc (around 370 ha in the south of the town). Note that the Ard\u00e8che department is not mentioned in the Natura 2000 file; But its cartography clearly indicates that the area extends over a part of the town of Malbosc, as well as in the map G\u00e9oportail Des Zones Nature 2000.  \u2191 The municipalities concerned by the Znieff ” Average c\u00e8ze lessons \u00bbAre: All\u00e8gre-les-Fumades, Bess\u00e8ges, Bordezac, Chambon, Meyrannes, Moli\u00e8res-sur-C\u00e8ze, Peyremale, Poteli\u00e8res, Rivi\u00e8res, Robiac-Rochessadoule, Rochegude, Saint-Ambroix, Saint-Br\u00e8s, Saint-Denis, Saint-Jean -de-Maru\u00e9jols-et-Av\u00e9jan and Saint-Victor-de-Malcap.  References [ modifier | Modifier and code ] \u2191 A B C D and E Sandra, ‘ Watercourse sheet – La C\u00e8ze (V54-0400) \u00bb  (consulted the first is July 2013 )  \u2191 A B C and D ‘ Abc\u00e8ze or mixed union of development of the c\u00e8ze watershed \u00bb , on www.abceze.fr  (consulted the February 17, 2018 )  \u2191 General toponymy of France – Tome III – Errata and Addenda . Entiest Nice. Librairie Droz S.A., 1998. P. 1855.  \u2191 Jo\u00ebl Jolivet and Claude Martin, ” Karst morphology in the C\u00e8ze canyon and on the M\u00e9jannes-le-Clap plateau (Garrigues Nord, Gard, France)-Reports with Mio-Pliocene paleogeographic evolution \u00bb, Physio-geo , vol. 2, 2008 , p. 53-75 ( read online , consulted the May 27, 2018 ) .  \u2191 ‘ Atlas of flood zones – C\u00e8ze watershed \u00bb , on Piece-Joine-Carto.deloppement-Durable.Gouv.fr  (consulted the February 17, 2018 )  \u2191 ‘ The dry c\u00e8ze in the north of Gard \u00bb, Midi Libre , September 23, 2011 ( read online )  \u2191 ‘ Drought: upstream of the basin goes into restriction \u00bb , on ABCEZE.FR , August 22, 2017  \u2191 A B and C Hydro – Medde bank, ‘ Summary of the Hydro Bank-La C\u00e8ze in La Roque-sur-C\u00e8ze (V5474010) \u00bb  (consulted the first is July 2013 )  \u2191 ‘ The c\u00e8ze and its gorges \u00bb , on www.occitanie.deloppement-durable.gouv.fr  (consulted the February 17, 2018 )  \u2191 ‘ C\u00e9vennes National Park, membership area \u00a0\u00bb – FR3400004 . Znieff Natura 2000 znieff sheet and map.  \u2191 ‘ C\u00e9vennes National Park, Coeur Zone \u00a0\u00bb – FR3300004 . Natura 2000 sheet and cartography.  \u2191 ‘ C\u00e9vennes biosphere reserve, central area \u00a0\u00bb – FR6300005 . Natura 2000 sheet and cartography.  \u2191 ‘ C\u00e9vennes biosphere reserve, buffer zone \u00a0\u00bb – FR6400005 . Natura 2000 sheet and cartography.  \u2191 ‘ C\u00e9vennes biosphere reserve, transitional area \u00a0\u00bb – FR6500005 . Natura 2000 sheet and cartography.  \u2191 For the municipalities of Bess\u00e8ges, Meyrannes, Moli\u00e8res-sur-C\u00e8ze, Rochessadoule, Saint-Ambroix and Saint-Br\u00e8s, the Natura 2000 zone only concerns the bottom of the C\u00e8ze valley. On Saint-Ambroix, this area only concerns the part of valley upstream of the city; The downstream valley is covered by the Znieff ” C\u00e8ze river downstream of Saint-Ambroix \u00bb And ” Average c\u00e8ze lessons \u00bb.  \u2191 ‘ High valleys of the c\u00e8ze and luech \u00a0\u00bb – FR9101364 , Natura 2000 sheet and map.  \u2191 ‘ Average c\u00e8ze lessons \u00bb – 910011811 . Znieff Natura 2000 znieff sheet and map.  \u2191 ‘ C\u00e8ze river downstream of Saint-Ambroix – 910030336 \u00bb . Znieff Natura 2000 znieff sheet and map.  \u2191 The c\u00e8ze and its gorges – Fr9101399 . Natura 2000 sheet and cartography.  \u2191 ‘ Gorges de la C\u00e8ze in Montclus \u00bb – 910030337 . Natura 2000 sheet and cartography.   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