[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/chiishme-duodecimain-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/chiishme-duodecimain-wikipedia\/","headline":"Chiishme Duod\u00e9cimain \u2014 Wikipedia","name":"Chiishme Duod\u00e9cimain \u2014 Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 The Duodecomain Shiism (Arab: Twelve , Ithn\u0101’ashagiyar ) designates the group of Shiites who believe in the existence of","datePublished":"2018-01-27","dateModified":"2018-01-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/38\/Info_Simple.svg\/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/38\/Info_Simple.svg\/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png","height":"12","width":"12"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/chiishme-duodecimain-wikipedia\/","wordCount":4056,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4  The Duodecomain Shiism (Arab: Twelve , Ithn\u0101’ashagiyar ) designates the group of Shiites who believe in the existence of the twelve imams. Dogma was thus formed from 874-940, as part of the blackout of the twelfth imam. Mostly opposed to Ghulat, Duodecomain Shiism subsequently undergoes an influence of mutazilism [ first ] . Over time, Shiism goes from a political ideology to a militant ideology [ 2 ] .        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4They are in the majority in Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, and constitute the majority Muslim community in Lebanon. Duodecomain Shiism is the official current of Iran since the foundation of the Safavid dynasty by Isma\u00efl first is in 1501. The majority of duodecimans follow jafarism. Other duodecimans are Ghulat, Alaouites, Alevi or Qizilbash.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4  Duodecimans have several characteristics. Sh\u012b’a (“Shiism”), signifier Ali supporters (in Arabic Sh\u012b’a Originally designates a group of supporters). The Sh\u012b’a consider Ali Ibn Ab\u00ee T\u00e2lib as a legitimate successor of Muhammad. Ja’far is always used to refer to Madhhab by the majority of duodecimans. The term Ja’far\u012b is used both for fiqh (“jurisprudence”). This term is attributed to Ja\u02e4far As-S\u0101diq, which the Shiites consider to be their sixth imam. Other duodecimans are Ghulat, Alaouites, Alevi or Qizilbash. im\u00e2mism is a reference to duodecimain belief in holy and infallible imams after Muhammad. This concept is found in the other branches of Shiism (Isma\u00e9liens in particular). Rawafid , a term often negatively connoted and used by the Sunnis which means “those of the refusal”. It is a reference to the refusal by the duodecimans of the legitimacy of the first 3 caliphs (Abu Bakr, Omar and Othman), preferring ‘Ali. [ 3 ] Ratfid\u00ee (in Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0636\u064a) is an Arabic word, first attributed to a group in the army of Zayd b. Ali b. Al-Husayn, who had abandoned the latter during the battle. Some Sunnis attributed this title to all Shiites to slander them. On the other hand, the Shiites consider this title as a compliment for themselves. Schism between duodecimans and septimans has its root in a succession quarrel. When he died, Ja’far al-S\u00e2diq leaves a son, but also the children of a disappeared second son. The supporters of the first recognize him as the seventh imam as well as his descendants, until the twelfth [ 4 ] . After the schism between Ismaelism and the future Duodecomain Shiism, Fathiyya, supported Abdallah Ibn Jaafar as Imam. After the death of this one, it rallies itself mainly to the future Duodecomain Shiism [ 5 ] . However, another sect separated from the future Duodecomain Shiism. This is the Waqfiyya. His followers consider that Moussa Ibn Jaafar is the hidden imam [ 6 ] . Table of Contents       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4View of duodecimans [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Religious law: Sharia law [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The concept of imam and mahdi [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Hussayn’s martyrdom [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Acceptance of the verdict of a scholar [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Prayer [ modifier | Modifier and code ] View of duodecimans [ modifier | Modifier and code ] According to the Shiites Duodecimans ( Ithn\u0101ashar\u2019YYah ), the following list is the list of Muhammad’s successors. Each imam is the son of the previous one, except Husayn, who was Hasan’s brother. Number Name Shame (title) Linade (surname) Nickname (epithet) known by Shiites for Life dates first But (on me) Ab\u016b al-\u1e25assan (Abu Al-Hasan) Ibn Ab\u012b \u1e6d\u0101lib (Ibn Abi Talib) Am\u012br al-Mu’min\u012bn (Mammir al -Mu’minin) – Commandeur des Croyants The first imam is the most significant person after Muhammad for the Shiites. 600 – 661 2 Hasan (Good) Ab\u016b Musa (Abu Muhammad) Ibn’Al\u012b ibn Ab\u012b \u1e6d\u0101lib (Ibn Ali Ibn Abi Talib) Al-Mujtab\u0101 (Al -Majbai) – Le Choisi Sign a peace treaty for a better Islam, very loved by Muhammad, is with his brother one of the masters of the young people of Paradise. 625 – 669 3 Husayn (Akhin) Abu \u02bfabdillah (Abu Abdullah) Ibn’Al\u012b ibn Ab\u012b \u1e6d\u0101lib (Ibn Ali Ibn Abi Talib) Sayyid Ash-Shuhad\u0101d ‘ (Syed al -Shahada) – Seigneur des Martyrs Battle of Kerbala. 626 – 680 4 `Ali (on me) Ab\u016b Musa (Abu Muhammad) Ibn al-\u1e25ussayn (Ibn Al -Hussein) Zayn al-\u02bf\u0101bid\u012bn (Zayn al -Abedin) – Joyau des Croyants Cried for 20 years because of the battle of Kerbala. 658 – 713 5 Muhammad (Mohammed) Abu ja\u02bffar (Abu Jaafar) Ibn’Al\u012b (Ibn Ali) Al-B\u0101qir (\u0621\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0648) – ABO in the Iniro Was the least oppressed of the twelve imams by the caliph of his time. Muhammad is not recognized by the Zaydi (who take Imam Zayd Benedles as Imam). 676 – 743 6 Yeah (Jaafar) Abu \u02bfabdillah (Abu Abdullah) Ibn mu\u1e25ammad (Ibn Muhammad) Slow-so-beacq (\u0623\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062fulous) – The truthful A thinker respected both by Shiites and Sunnis. 703 – 765 7 Moses (Moses) Abu ibrahs (Abu Abraham) IBN Ja\u02bffar (Ibn Jaafar) Al-k\u0101\u1e93im (Elkazim) – Le Triste Grew up in prison to make it lower. He is not recognized by the Ismaelis (who take Imam Isma\u00efl Ben Jafar for Imam). 745 – 799 8 `Ali (on me) Ab\u016b al-\u1e25assan (Abu Al-Hasan) Ibn in Musa (Ibn Moses) Ar-ri\u1e0d (\u0623\u0644\u0631\u0636\u0627) (pronounced “reza” by the speakers of Persian and Ourdou) The only imam to be buried in Iran, in Mashhad. 765 – 818 9 Muhammad (Mohammed) Abu ja\u02bffar (Abu Jaafar) Ibn’Al\u012b (Ibn Ali) AT-TAQ\u012b (he met) Beate people during debates at the age of 8. 810 – 835 ten `Ali (on me) Ab\u016b al-\u1e25assan (Abu Al-Hasan) Ibn mu\u1e25ammad (Ibn Muhammad) Al-H\u0101d\u012b (Hadi), an-naq\u012b (pure)  827 – 868 11 Hasan (Good) Ab\u016b Musa (Abu Muhammad) Ibn’Al\u012b (Ibn Ali) Al-‘Askar\u012b (Al -Asskri) The penultimate Imam, who lived almost all his life assigned to home and who was preached all the same. He died poisoned. 846 – 874 twelfth Muhammad (Mohammed) Abu qas (Abu Qasim) Ibn al-\u1e25assan (Ibn Al -Hassan) Al-MAHD\u012b (Mahadi) A current imam, known for being the Savior, whose duodecimans believe that it is in occultation. 868 – Present Religious law: Sharia law [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Duodecimans derive their sharia law, or religious law, the Koran and Sunnah. The difference between Sunni and Shiite Sharia law is the Shiite belief that Muhammad assigned Ali the task of leading believers after his death (the caliphate). In addition, according to the Shiites, God would have dictated this designation. By this difference, the Shiites: follow the hadith of Muhammad and the 12 imams. only accept the examples, verdicts and h\u0101d\u012bths of any narrator, only after checks. attribute the concept of Mas\u016bm (“Infallibility”) with twelve imams or fourteen infallibles (which include Muhammad and his daughter Fatima Zahra). They follow the examples and verdicts of this group.  The concept of imam and mahdi [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Shiite imams, the first of which is \u02e4al\u012b Ibn Ab\u012b T\u0101lib, are considered infallible. This is an important aspect of Shiite theology. They are not considered prophets ( nab\u012b ), nor messengers ( Rasl ), but relay the message of Muhammad. Shiite Muslims consider that all groups or religions who accept prophets or messengers after Muhammad are pagan or heretical. They believe that the last imam (which is also the twelfth and current imam), the Mahd\u00ee, son of the 11 It is Imam Hasan al-Askari is in occultation on the orders of God and will reappear in his order. The Mahdi, born in 869, disappeared during minor concealment in 874 to, according to tradition, give proof of its existence in 941, before entering into major blackout [ 7 ] . Hussayn’s martyrdom [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  Procession commemorating the martyrdom of Hussayn The martyrdom of Hussayn Ibn \u02e4al\u012b having taken place on ten It is Day of the month of Muharram – known as Achoura – plays a significant role in duodecimain theology. This day is commemorated annually in sadness and pain. Some participate in a ritual which consists in typing on his chest, which is for them a form of expression of abandonment which comes from the practical incapacity of having helped Hussayn and his troop of 72 companions. Hitting the body with knives or other sharp to the blood is very uncommon. Although some Shiite leaders (such as Ayatollah Khomeini) have prohibited this ritual, some believers always practice this ancient custom. In most countries with significant Shiite populations, large crowds can be observed that make processions to celebrate the martyrdom of Hussayn. This list is not exhaustive or representative of the differences between Shiites and Sunnis.  Acceptance of the verdict of a scholar [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The Jafarie school accepts and encourages the concept of imitation (Arab: tradition ) or “imitation”. This means that non-deduced Muslims should choose a thinker whose virtue and knowledge are recognized and follow (“imitate”) his precepts and recommendations in their everyday life. This religious leader can be recognized as a “source of imitation” ( Marja-e taqlid or “imitated” (Arabic: imitative , muqallad ). It is a person who has spent years studying the Koran, the Sunnah and the words of the imams in order to know the sources of knowledge. However, his verdicts should not be taken as the only source of religious information and he can always be corrected by others imitated or other sources of imitation. This process can take years or decades; Because, in the imitation , the verdicts are based on the latest research and are given according to someone’s contemporary situation. Prayer [ modifier | Modifier and code ] There are minor differences on how prayer is carried out in Sunnis and Shiites. During the purification ritual carried out in preparation for prayer (which consists in washing your face, hands, feet, etc. and reciting some prayers), the Shiites consider that rinse your feet with wet hands is necessary and Sufficient (as it is subject to the aya of ablutions (wudu ‘) to the Koran). On the contrary, the Sunnis consider that the complete washing of the feet is necessary. In addition, the Shiites do not wash the interior of the ears with the finger during the ablutions. Regarding prayer proper, Jafaris think that it is necessary to bow down on the earth (including non -edible plants and wood, etc.). Therefore, many Shiites use a small earth tablet (taking the land of Karbala) during their daily prayers, which is intended to receive their forehead when they look. From a Jafari point of view, the hands must be left hanging on the side during the standing position of the prayer. On the contrary, the Sunnites believe that the hands must be crossed. Duodecimans, like Sunnis, consider that the five daily prayers are compulsory. However, the Shiites find it acceptable to pray to the second and third prayer or the fourth and the fifth together when they want. The other Sunni schools only authorize it when the believer is traveling or forced. \u2191 ‘ Political history of the Shiite clergy \u00bb , on Google Books  (consulted the December 8, 2019 ) .  \u2191 ‘ General Culture Dictionary \u00bb , on Google Books  (consulted the December 8, 2019 ) .  \u2191 (With) Khalil b. Ahmad Far\u00c2h\u00eed\u00ee, Al-\u2019ayn , vol 7 p 29  \u2191 Herv\u00e9 Bleuchot, Muslim law. Chap. II, Section II, \u00a73 , Aix-Marseille university presses, 2000 ( read online )  \u2191 (in)  ‘ Ismaili History and Intellectual Traditions \u00bb , on Google Books  (consulted the December 8, 2019 ) .  \u2191 (in)  ‘ Hadith \u00bb , on Google Books  (consulted the December 8, 2019 ) .  \u2191 Collective, Dominique Auzias and Jean-Paul Labourdette, Iran 2016 Small Smart (with cards, photos + readers’ reviews) , 2015 , 336 p.  (ISBN\u00a0 978-2-7469-7684-9 , read online ) , p. ninety four .        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/chiishme-duodecimain-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Chiishme Duod\u00e9cimain \u2014 Wikipedia"}}]}]