[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/church-of-notre-dame-du-lhare-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/church-of-notre-dame-du-lhare-wikipedia\/","headline":"Church of Notre-Dame du Lhare-Wikipedia","name":"Church of Notre-Dame du Lhare-Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 The Grand Palais in Constantinople. Notre-Dame du Phare was to be located south of the palace, a little east","datePublished":"2020-05-26","dateModified":"2020-05-26","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/78\/Constantinople_imperial_district.png\/220px-Constantinople_imperial_district.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/78\/Constantinople_imperial_district.png\/220px-Constantinople_imperial_district.png","height":"249","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/church-of-notre-dame-du-lhare-wikipedia\/","wordCount":4514,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4 The Grand Palais in Constantinople. Notre-Dame du Phare was to be located south of the palace, a little east of the chrysotriklinos. L\u2019 Notre-Dame du Lighthouse church (Modern Greek: Theotokos of the lighthouse , Theot\u00f3kos Tou Ph\u00e1rou) was one of the thirty churches and chapels located in the grounds of the Grand Palais in Constantinople. It was so named because located near a lighthouse (Pharos) [ first ] . Main chapel of the Byzantine emperors, it was also called “Sainte-Chapelle” by Western columnists in the Middle Ages, because it was the greatest deposit of sacred relics outside of Jerusalem and Saint Louis will adopt this term to designate the chapel that He will be built in 1248 to house the relics of the passion of Christ acquired from the Latin emperor and hitherto deposited in Notre-Dame du Lighthouse.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4  The Notre-Dame du Phare church having been completely destroyed during the Constantinople bag by the fourth crusade and no ruin having survived, its exact location is unknown; However, it can be deduced thanks to the description of Anne Comn\u00e8ne of an assassination attempt targeting her father, Emperor Alexis I is (r. 1081 \u2013 1118) [ N 1 ] .        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Within the Grand Palais, the church was in the so -called “Sacred Palace” ( to hieron palation ) that chroniclers of the Middle Ages and Latin pilgrims will frequently call Boukoleon. It was built on a platform where you could see the palace (Pharos) of the palace, which earned it its name. This section of the Grand Palais was particularly important because it also housed the Chrysotriklinos (Lit: the Golden Chamber), a throne room where the large imperial ceremonies took place. Between the chrystriklinos and the church there was a terrace (atrium). In the south, baths for the palace, and to the north the private apartments of the emperor. Very close to the church were the two small chapels of Saint \u00c9lie and Saint Cl\u00e9ment built by Basile I is (r. 867 – 886), as well as that of Saint Dimitri built by L\u00e9on VI (r. 886 – 912) [ 2 ] .  King Abgar V receiving the Mandylion, supposed to be the face of Jesus printed miraculously on a cloth (icon of the X It is century. Built by Constantin V (r. 741 – 775), the church is mentioned for the first time in the texts by Theophane the confessor [ 3 ] In connection with the engagement of Ir\u00e8ne d’Athenes to Leon IV (r. 775 – 780) [ 4 ] . Michel I is (r. 811 – 813) will find refuge with his family after being deposited by L\u00e9on V ((r. 813 – 820), which will be assassinated in the same church seven years later [ 5 ] . After the end of the iconoclastic period and the triumph of orthodoxy, the transfer to Constantinople of relics around the world following conquests on the Muslim world will become a political objective of the Macedonian dynasty. The Notre-Dame du Phare church (as well as the chrysotriklinos) will be restored by the emperor Michel III (r. 842-867) and probably devoted in 864. With the Nea Ekklesia built by Basile I is (867-886) and the chapel of Saint-Etienne, also in the heart of the Grand Palais, the whole will form a sacred place, a new Jerusalem within the Byzantine Empire and an important pilgrimage center [ 6 ] .         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The mandylium , old representation (Hagion Keramion). We know that during the reign of Constantine VII Porphyrogenet (r. 944 – 959) she housed two precious relics: the holy lance and part of the real cross [ 7 ] . Other relics of the passion of Christ will be added to it during the X It is century following military campaigns in Asia which will make it a “holy sepulcher” outside Jerusalem. Constantine VII will transfer the right arm of Jean the Baptist while Romain I is L\u00e9cap\u00e8ne (r. 920 – 944) will report the prestigious mandylion from \u00c9desse [ N 2 ] . Nic\u00e9phore II Phokas (r. 963 – 969) in 968 and John I is Tzimisk\u00e8s (r. 969 – 976) in 975 will drop the Mandylium ( Hagion Keramion ) [ N 3 ] and the sandals of Christ, while the famous letter of Christ to King Abgar will be added by Romain III Argyros (r. 1028 – 1034) in 1032. In addition to these relics, the church housed at the end of the XII It is Century of the crown of thorns, a nail used to the crucifixion, the iron collar that Christ bore the neck, the flax shroud in which he was deposited after his death, the linen with which he wiped the feet of his apostles Holy Thursday, his purple dress, the reed he held by hand during the flogging and a stone of his tomb [ 8 ] . The church will be completely destroyed during the Constantinople bag in 1204 by the fourth crusade not leaving any ruin which would allow you to know its exact location. If we know fairly well the relics that the church contained as well as their history, our knowledge of the external and interior appearance of the Church can only be deduced from the written testimonies that various witnesses have left us, including the tenth homelia Pronounced by the Patriarch Photios during the consecration of the church renovated in 864 [ 9 ] , [ N 4 ] . According to the sources, the church was to be relatively small and built according to an “registered cross” plan and consist of three naves with apse, a dome supported by four columns and a narthex with Atrium. Outside its facade was covered with finely polished white marble whose plates adjusted perfectly to each other in geometric patterns. Inside, the walls were covered with polychrome marble while the floor was covered with mosaics. According to the Patriarch, everything that was not in marble was plated with gold or silver; The capitals were covered with silver and were underlined by golden garlands. The furniture was covered with money (altar and ciborium) as well as the doors of the sanctuary, which made a great impression on Robert de Clari: “One of them (the thirty churches of the Grand Palais) was so rich and majestic that there was no hinge or joint or no other party [\u2026] which is not entirely of money; There was no column that was not made of jasper or porphyry or some other precious stone [ ten ] \u00bb. The iconographic program deployed in the church was also remarkable and constitutes both the first example that we had of such a program after the iconoclastic period at the same time as the first figurative decoration in a church with a crossed cross [ 11 ] . According to the Patriarch, the dome contained an image of Christ Pantocrator accompanied by his angels; However, it does not specify if it was a bust or a representation of Christ sitting on a throne. The apse behind the altar contained an image of the Virgin “extending her hands on us and protecting the basileus giving him victory over his enemies”, one of the most venerable “Virgens Orans” [ N 5 ] Byzantine iconography. Dispected in the church, we could see the reproductions of saints, martyrs of apostles, prophets and patriarchs, some of them holding in the hands of parchment on which passages of the Bible were inscribed. According to Mesarit\u00e8s, we also found in the church scenes of the life of Jesus like his birth, his baptism, the resurrection of Lazarus, etc. However, according to Cyril Mango, it could be anachronisms, these scenes having been added according to him under the Comnenes [ twelfth ] .  The brothers of Michel IV, Jean, Constantin and Georges, carrying in procession the relics of Notre-Dame du Lhare (miniature of the chronicle of Jean Skylitz\u00e8s, XII It is century. Nat library. of Madrid). Constantinople was perceived as a holy city, a second Jerusalem. Its churches were considered to be the depositaries of relics and unique icons who exercised their benevolent activity there [ 13 ] . Although since Constantine, various emperors and their wives have already brought in numerous relics in the capital, the reconquest in 629 of Syria-Palestine who fell to the hands of the Persians in 614 was an opportunity to bring back to Constantinople the holy cross, the Sainte Lance and the Holy Sponge which were exhibited in Hagia Sophia for several days. Although the Emperor Heraclius returned the Holy Cross to Jerusalem the following year, the loss of the city in the hands of the Arabs forced her final return to Constantinople where she was put up in the interior of the Grand Palais [ 14 ] . Not only did this role of guardian of the holy cross reinforce the divine mandate of the emperor within the Empire, but it brought him the consideration of Christian sovereigns and other potentates of Europe [ 15 ] . Manuel I is (r. 1143-1180) Personally visited the church to Louis VII de France and his wife Eleanor d’Aquitaine, guided tour which he refit a few days later for his brother-in-law, the German emperor Conrad (emperor 1237 – 1254) [ 16 ] . After the reconquest of the city in 1271, these same relics will be used to replenish the finances of the Empire. In 1356, the Empress H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Cantacuzene will sell a bulb containing drops of blood from Christ, a piece of his tunic, a relic of Jean Chrysostome for the sum of 100,000 hyperpers to a Florentine merchant, while Manuel II (r. 1391 – 1425) was forced to cut one of the two tunics of Christ in his possession to obtain military aid [ 16 ] . Table of ContentsThe relics of the Church and the Holy Chapelle [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Primary sources [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Secondary sources [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Notes [ modifier | Modifier and code ] References [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Internal links [ modifier | Modifier and code ] external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The relics of the Church and the Holy Chapelle [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  The crown of spine today at Notre-Dame de Paris, originally at Notre-Dame du Lhare. If the church was completely destroyed during the capture of Constantinople by the Crusaders in 1204, the collection of its relics remained practically intact and was bought by Louis IX (r. 1226 – 1270) for an astronomical sum at the Latin emperor Baudouin II (r. 1118 – 1131). Between 1239 and 1241, the relics were transported to Paris to be placed in a Gothic replica of Notre-Dame du Phare, the Sainte-Chapelle, which was consecrated in 1248 and which transformed Paris into a new center of Christianity [ 17 ] , [ 6 ] . The majority of these relics were destroyed by the revolutionaries of 1793, but some of the most important including the crown of thorns, a fragment of the holy cross and one of the nails used to crucify Christ were transported to the National Library for Y be studied; These are now in the sacristy of Notre-Dame de Paris, while the reliquary containing a stone of the Holy Spulcher is at the Louvre [ 18 ] . Primary sources [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Anna Comnena, The Alexiad , (trad.) Elizabeth A. Dawes, London, 1928. Antoine de Novgorod. The pilgrim’s book . Trad. fr. M. Erhard, Romania 58, 1932 pp. 44 – 65 . Nicolas M\u00e9sarit\u00e8s. Nikolaos mesarites. Die Palastrevolution des Johannes Komnenos , August Heisenberg (\u00c9d.), W\u00fcrzburg, 1907. Photoi. Photo and Homili\u00e6 83 , ed. St. Aristarchis, I + II (1900). Traduction anglaise\u00a0: Cyril Mango, The Homilies of Photius Patriarch of Constantinople, 1958. Robert’s Clare. Robert de Clari, the conquest of Constantinople , ed. PH. Whelies from in 1956 [1924]. Secondary sources [ modifier | Modifier and code ] (in) Angold, Michael. The Fourth Crusade: Event and Context . Pearson Education, 2003 (ISBN\u00a0 978-0-582-35610-8 ) . (fr) Ciggaar, Krijnie. “A description of Constantinople translated by an English pilgrim” (in) Byzantine studies review , 34,1976, pp. 2U-267. 21 (List of relics of the Notre-Dame du Phare church). (fr) Durand, Jannic (ed.) The Treasure of the Holy Chapelle. Paris exhibition, Louvre museum, May 31, 2001 – August 27, 2001 . National museum meeting, Paris 2001, (ISBN\u00a0 2-7118-4275-4 ) . (fr) Guilland, Rodolphe. “The Church of the Virgin of the Lighthouse”. (In) Byzantinoslavica , 12, 1951. pp. 232-234 . (fr) Janin, Raimond. The ecclesiastical geography of the Byzantine Empire . flight. I: the seat of Constantinople and the ecumenical patriarchy, vol. III, Paris, 1953. (in) Jenkins, Romilly J.H. & Cyril Mango. \u201cThe Date and Significance of the Tenth Homily of Photius\u201d (in) Dumbarton Oaks Papers , 9\/10, 1956. pp. 125-140 . (fr) Magdalino, Paul. “The lighthouse church and the relics of the passion in Constantinople (Vlle\/Vlile-Xille Sucles)”, (in) Byzantium and the relics of Christ , Jannic Durand\/Bernard Flusin (ed), Paris 2004, pp. 15-30 . (in) Maguire, Henry. Byzantine court culture from 829 to 1204 , Dumbarton Oaks, 2004 (ISBN\u00a0 978-0-88402-308-1 ) . (in) Mango, Cyril. The Art of the Byzantine Empire 312\u20131453: Sources and Documents, University of Toronto Press, 1986. (fr) Miranda, Salvador. The palaces of Byzantine emperors . Mexico, Impr. from the French newspaper, 1965. (in) Necipo\u011flu, Nevra. Byzantine Constantinople: Monuments, Topography and Everyday Life , Istanbul, Brill, 2001 (ISBN\u00a0 90-04-11625-7 ) . (fr) Vogt, C. Constantin Porphyrogen\u00e8te. The book of ceremonies, Comments, Book 1, Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 1967. Notes [ modifier | Modifier and code ] \u2191 The imperial chamber where the emperors were sleeping was located on the left of the palatal chapel dedicated to the mother of God (Notre-Dame du Lighthouse); Many said that she was dedicated to the great martyr Dimitri. To his right was a paved marble atrium whose door leading to the chapel was open to all. They [the assassins] therefore intended to enter the chapel through this door, forced the doors that led to the Emperor’s bedroom and thus be able to kill him by the sword. (Anne Comn\u00e8ne. Alexiade XII, 6.)  \u2191 Relic consisting of a piece of rectangular fabric on which the image of the face of Christ (or holy face) would have been miraculously printed during his lifetime.  \u2191 Ceramic tile on which the mandylion would have printed.  \u2191 In addition to this homily of the Patriarch Photios, we also have a text by Robert de Clari in his description of the conquest of Constantinople and a description written by Nicolas M\u00e9sarit\u00e8s in 1200 of the altar and the ciborium (Lidov (2012) p. 72  \u2191 Traditional reproduction of the Virgin Mary in prayer with the extended arms.  References [ modifier | Modifier and code ] \u2191 Klein 2006, pp. 79-80 .  \u2191 Lidov (2012) p. sixty four  \u2191 Theoph. 444 in the trad. Englishman of Mango-Scott, 1997, 613  \u2191 Klein (2006) p. 79  \u2191 Lidov (2012) p. 66  \u2191 a et b Klein (2006) p. 80  \u2191 Klein (2006) p. 91  \u2191 Klein (2006) p. 92  \u2191 Lidov (2012) p. 71  \u2191 Robert de Clari, 68-69. Lauer (1956).  \u2191 Lidov (2012) p. seventy three  \u2191 Jenkin-Mango (1956) pp. 136 – 139  \u2191 Lidov (2012) p. 63  \u2191 Klein (2006) p. 88  \u2191 Klein (2006) p. 89  \u2191 a et b Atchison (2008) \u00abPassion Relics and the Pharos Church in Constantinople\u00a0\u00bb  \u2191 Lidov (2012) p. 82  \u2191 For their description see Durand, “The Treasure of the Sainte-Chapelle”, 2001.  Internal links [ modifier | Modifier and code ] external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/church-of-notre-dame-du-lhare-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Church of Notre-Dame du Lhare-Wikipedia"}}]}]