Cinoxacina – Wikipedia

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The cinoxacina It is a molecule equipped with bactericidal activities and belonging to the therapeutic group of second generation Chinoloni. ^[2] In Italy the drug is sold by the pharmaceutical company Alfa Wassermann with the commercial name of Uronorm, in the pharmaceutical form of 500 mg rigid capsules.

Cinoxacin exerts its bactericidal action by inhibiting the DNA Sfuetry enzyme, a type II Topoisomerase, and the Topoisomerase IV, which is an enzyme necessary to separate the DNA that must be replicated. ^[3] In this way cell division is inhibited.
There are evidence that Cinoxacin is able to bind strongly to the DNA, thus interfering with the synthesis of RNA and, consequently, with protein synthesis.
Cinoxacin is active towards many microorganisms and in particular Enterobacter species, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Proteus Mirabilis, Proteus Vulgaris. ^[4]

The drug after orally administration is quickly and almost completely absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract. The simultaneous food intake does not seem to significantly change the absorption of Cinoxacin.
Maximum plasma concentration (C _max ) is reached within 1-2 hours (t _max ) from taking. The plasma half -life is about 1.5 hours. The elimination of the drug takes place substantially renally. ^{[5] [6]} Within 24 hours from the administration, in fact, 97% of a dose administered is eliminated urinaryly. In the prostate Cinoxacin gland it reaches concentrations of about 10% of plasma, while in renal tissue the concentrations reach about 60%. ^{[7] [8] [9]}

The DL50 of Cinoxacin in the mouse is on average of 1.686 mg/kg orally and on average of 5.131 mg/kg, always pre -end oral.

Cinoxacin is indicated in the acute and recurring infections of the Uteogenital and low urogenital tract, supported by sensitive germs. ^{[ten] [11]} The drug has also proven effective as preventive treatment: ^[twelfth] Cinoxacin in fact reduces the number of infectious episodes in female subjects with recurring urinary tract infections. ^{[13] [14] [15]}

The most frequent adverse effects are in the course of treatment are headache, dizziness, hyperexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, insomnia, tinnitus, photophobia and walls. It is also possible that some subjects present skin rash, urticaria, peripheral edema and anaphylactoid reactions.

Cinoxacin is contraindicated in subjects with hypersensitivity known to the active ingredient or to any of the excipients. It is also contraindicated in case of pregnancy, breastfeeding, moderate renal failure (creatinine clearance between 30-50 ml/min) or serious (creatinine clearance of less than 30 ml/min).
Cinoxacin is contraindicated in subjects with anamnesis of epilepsy and, as for others chinolons, should be used with great caution in patients prepared to convulsive attacks or in those who receive drugs, such as theophylline, known to reduce the brain convulsive threshold.

Cinoxacin is intended only for adult subjects. The average daily dose is equal to one gram, divided into two administrations. The treatment should be continued for 1-2 weeks, until the complete resolution of symptoms and the negativeness of urinoculture. In the preventive treatment, a single dose of 500 mg is sufficient at the time of going to go to bed.

The drug can increase the effects of oral anticoagulants, such as Warfarin.
If assumed in conjunction with theophylline, it can determine a elevation of plasma levels and increase the frequency of appearance of related side effects, in particular the convulsive effects.
The co -assumption of antacid or subcrallfate drugs, within a couple of hours from the intake of Cinoxacin, slows down its absorption.
The concomitant use of cinoxacin and cyclosporine can lead to an increase in the plasma concentrations of the latter.