Collonges-la-Rouge-Wikipedia

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Collonges-la-Rouge ( Colonjas In Occitan) is a French Limousine commune, located in the Corrèze department in the New Aquitaine region. The development of its heritage is worth the municipality – which makes 1 431 hectares – to have 420 ha classified as a historic monument and 189 ha Registered in the additional inventory of historic monuments [ first ] .

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The inhabitants of Collonges-la-Rouge are Collongeois And Collongeoises [ 2 ] .

General view of Collonges-la-Rouge.

Situation [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The town is located 19 kilometers south-east of Brive-la-Gaillarde, at the edge of the Limousin plateaus to the north (whose altitude is around 500 m ), on a limestone tray 500 m lower, opposite the distant quercy of 4 km South. It is located in Corrézien Causse at the northern end of the Causse de Martel [ 3 ] , [ 4 ] .

Neighboring municipalities [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Geology [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The town is built in red sandstone extracted from Puy de Valège, summit of 404 m altitude located at 800 m north of the village. It is installed on the first limestone shore of Quercy and Périgord deposited by the sea of ​​the Jurassic [ 5 ] . Meyssac Faille [ 6 ] About sixty kilometers, E-W steering at NW-SE (materialized by the excavated trenches in the 1990s during the recovery of the departmental 38 north of the town) signs the contact between this lesser sea and the permian sedimentary basin, the Walker who can make a leap over time over time of more than 60 million years. The Liasic Sea corresponds to a frank marine transgression linked to the individualization of the Aquitaine basin which gives an open marine sedimentation domain communicating with the Atlantic Ocean during the opening, hence the formation of a carbonated north platform -Aquitaine (carbonate vases from oolithic cords and coral barriers which isolated lagoons and coastal lagoons) which is based on the Massif Central with the installation of a thick series of limestone and marl deposits and Bélemnites . The permian basin is a collapse ditch formed at the end of the Hercynian cycle and made up of sediments (sands and clays) from the erosion of the central massif, spreading in the Brive basin of large sandstone deposits (north of Collonges , it corresponds to Mayssac sandstone, red sandstone in regular benches, sometimes schist) [ 7 ] .

The current morphology, without brutal rupture of relief, masks the vertical rejection of this fault of several hundred meters between the two north and southern compartments. Its materialization is reflected in the grounds it flush: above the land of the secondary era, the older layers of sandstone of various colors according to the hot or tropical climatic conditions, and the iron oxide rate in sandstone [ 8 ] . In the Triassic, the region was at the latitude of the current Sahara, hence the oxidation of iron minerals in sandstone in the form of hematite, due to the warm and dry tropical climate, and the rate of iron oxide in this rock (2.2% for that of Collonges, hence the tones of garnet and wine lie while that of the Vosges is pink and that of Brive is white and latacked with blond and wine -bound tones) [ 5 ] , [ 4 ] . In the south of this flaw, the marine-limestone terrains are generally oriented towards the southwest, and the western outcrops of sandstone limestone give typical cuestas in hard rocks but which have no real vigor [ 9 ] .

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Geologists debate on the origin of this complex flaw: old flaw varies of Armorican steering, reactivated under the weight of the limestone sediments of the Jurassic and undergoing the distant buttress of the overwix of the Pyrenees to the Tertiary? “Pyrenean” management flaw inherited from the great drop of the coal furrows from the Massif Central [ 5 ] ?

A double discovery circuit (automotive and pedestrian) has been implemented since 2010 for the tourist and educational development of this geosite. It includes five interpretation stations with illustrated explanatory panels (Sinémurian cliff with the limestone raised by more than 50 m At a place called the pass Croix du Buis , synclinal fold “in knee” at station 5) [ ten ] , [ 11 ] . This geological heritage is also highlighted at the center of the noailhac town, in an exhibition hall on geology, the discovery space of the Meyssac and La Pierre Faille, inaugurated on May 30, 2015 [ twelfth ] .

Description [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The fault results in a clear dissociation between landscapes, with variations in terms of vegetation, agricultural practices and morphology. The sandstone floors (sandstone and red clay) of the crystalline plateau to the north see are occupied by cowrics of chestnut trees or mixed coppices (chênes-châtaigniers), moors (heather, racks, genbets and aircraft), their slopes carrying orchards or vineyards: acidic soil moors have been shared, enclosed by murettes dry stones, and plowed to give these cultivated land [ 13 ] . This green panorama contrasts with the south where sufficiently deep limestone floors carry to the top of the sparse wood plateau of truffle oaks (xerophilic calcicole oak with Mediterranean influence), characteristics of the Lot Causse. These burned fields sometimes give way to the Argilo-limestone funds in the valleys, conducive to the fields (cultivation of cereals, corn or tobacco), with green meadows, and the hills dotted with walnut trees. “When the limestone soils are shallow, or the lands left abandoned, there is an invasion of juning, pruneliers, Églantiers, thorn bushes and a rich herbaceous stratum, of the garrigue type, dotted with heather [ 13 ] . »

The town’s site is thus dominated to the north by the hills of Puy Valège (404 m altitude). To the west, the horizon closes on the hill of Puy de Vésy (sandstone limestone plateau of 298 m altitude). Below to the south, two rounded mounds on both sides of the village of winch identify the site. To the east, the protected territory ends on the Meyssac valley characterized by a long limestone eminence oriented north-south (175 m d’altitude) [ 9 ] .

The small stream of Collonges-la-Rouge, dried up in summer, takes the valley at the foot of the village. He was born at the break of Puy Boubou and has a North-South course of nearly 8 km (Depending on the north-south alignments of limestone ridges in the region) before throwing itself into turmoil, flock to the Dordogne. Despite its low flow, it stands out strongly in the landscape by its ripisylve made up of large poplars, trees loving water [ 13 ] .

  • La carte des terres émergées au Trias.

    The lands map emerged in the Triassic.

Colongiam 1067 [ 14 ] .

The old forms of the many Collonges , Coulonges and Collanges de France are of the type Colonicas , Colonical .

All these toponyms have etymology low Latin Colonicas which originally designates “a land cultivated by a colonist”, a term of feudal law [ 15 ] , then “a farm” [ 16 ] . The free peasant obtained the right to settle in a farmhouse of which he was the colonist.

Since the VIII It is century appeared from colonicæ .

According to Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing [ 17 ] , do not confuse with Cologne which designates a Roman colony, older term. Cf. Cologne (Germany).

Collonges-la-Rouge, pen drawing of Michel Mans

The monks of the Charroux Abbey in Poitou founded in 782 a priory following a donation from Count Roger de Limoges [ 18 ] . The priory is integrated into the viscount of Turenne in 844 and attracted, under its protection, a population of peasants, craftsmen and traders [ 19 ] . Around its buildings protected by ramparts pierced with four doors (two of which remain), the town becomes a stopover for pilgrims en route for Compostelle via Rocamadour. In 1308, the Viscount of Turenne granted the city a franchise charter. The right of high, average and low jurisdiction is granted to it. He presides over the birth of prosecutors, lawyers, notaries. The enclosure is no longer enough to contain its population. The barris are born: the Faubourg de la Veyrie in the East, that of Hautefort, Faure, guitardie. Viticultural production at that time, sold especially locally and with abbeys, contributed to the prosperity of the trade in Collonges. The local tradition wants this production to be part of the wines of the Popes of Avignon which are invited to the table of the kings of France [ 20 ] .

Collonges crosses the wars of religion, in a relatively peaceful way, since the two naves of the Church are used alternately for the Catholic worship and the Protestant worship [ 21 ] . After the wars of religion, the reconstruction of the heritage of the enriched bourgeoisie and the small nobility coincides with the rise of the viscounty of which several members make collonges the residential capital of the region [ 18 ] . Is the XVI It is century, the “great century of Collonges [ 22 ] “That the noble logis of the Viscounty officers, manors that the Collongeois are called castels. These homes are distinguished from houses by the presence of staircases but also very often from turrets and scalables that are based on molded dead ends, and by richer architectural decorations [ 23 ] . After the sale of the Viscount at the Crown of France in 1738 – which led to the end of its tax privileges – then the Revolution, which destroys the priory buildings, many inhabitants leave the village, and Collonges became a stone career. The town only finds ephemeral prosperity at the start of XIX It is century. This fragile prosperity is destroyed by phylloxera which decimates the vines in the 1880s and by the rural exodus, so that Collonges loses a large part of its population, the village turning into stone career [ 24 ] . Whole hillsides of sick vines are torn off and replaced by walnut trees, today emblematic culture of this territory [ 25 ] . The region then turned to Aquitaine Polyculture (cereals, corn, tobacco), breeding and gaping of geese on the limestone plateau, cattle breed [ 18 ] .

In order to stop this decline, the municipality of Collonges undertook conservation efforts from 1905, making it possible to classify several monuments. Some Collongeois have the idea of ​​creating an organization which has the mission, with the assistance of the public authorities and the town hall of Collonges, to highlight the village’s heritage. The association “The Société des Amis de Collonges” was born on September 20, 1927 [ 26 ] And wants registration in the additional inventory of historic monuments of the town. This registration was acted on September 30, 1942 and extends on the outskirts on May 4, 1973 [ first ] .

On September 4, 1969, Charles Ceyrac, man of communication and mayor of Collonges whom he wanted to gradually open to tourism [ 27 ] , gets that his town officially becomes Collonges-la-Rouge [ 28 ] . The mayor continues his efforts in this direction “with the abolition of all electrical and telephone wires, paving of streets, highlighting the village, the development of parking areas to his entries allowing from 1970 to prohibit Its access to cars from April to September [ 29 ] ».

Collonges and its surroundings, including the hills overlooking the village to the north, are registered among the sites classified from the [ first ] .

Tourist and picturesque village, it is affected at the start of XXI It is Century by the Gentrification phenomenon: financially affluent people buy second homes (nearly 140 out of the 315 dwellings) in the heart of Collonges-la-Rouge to settle or rent their property, pushing the Collongeois of “Birth” to the periphery village [ 30 ] .

Blason de Collonges-la-Rouge Coat of arms
Azure with the silver band, with a coticated heart shield of gold and gules of twelve pieces (weapons of the Vassinhac and Turenne).
Details
Coatical voted on March 4, 1978.
The official status of the coat of arms remains to be determined.
List of successive mayors
Period Identify Label Quality
The missing data is to be completed.
1965 first is March 1998 (death) Charles Ceyrac RPR MP (1972-1978), general councilor (1964-1994)
President of the General Council (1985-1992)
1998 2001 Simone Laurent
mars 2001 2008 (deceased in office) [ thirty first ] Henri Bassaler PS [ 32 ]
October 2008 May 2020 Paulette Fender [ 33 ] PS [ 34 ] Retired public service
May 2020 In progress Michel Charlot Retired teacher

Ancient demography [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The number of inhabitants is difficult to appreciate. The historical demography is based in particular on the censuses which give the number of lights and make it possible to deduce the average number of inhabitants per inhabited house which varies according to the regions of 4.5 to 5. The Historical and geographic dictionary of Gaul and France of the abbot of Expilly indicates for collonges 264 lights in 1765, 300 fires in 1789, which gives nearly 1,500 inhabitants [ 35 ] .

Contemporary Demography [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The evolution of the number of inhabitants is known through the population censuses made in the municipality since 1793. From 2006, the legal populations of the municipalities are published annually by INSEE. The census is now based on an annual information collection, successively concerning all the municipal territories during a period of five years. For municipalities with less than 10,000 inhabitants, a census survey relating to the entire population is carried out every five years, the legal populations of the intermediate years being estimated by interpolation or extrapolation [ 36 ] . For the municipality, the first exhaustive census falling within the framework of the new system was carried out in 2008 [ 37 ] .
In 2020, the town had 483 inhabitants [ Note 1 ] , decreased by 1.43%compared to 2014 (Corrèze: −0.89%, France excluding Mayotte: +1.9%).

Evolution of the population [ modifier ]
1793 1800 1806 1821 1831 1836 1841 1846 1851
1 183 1 064 1 316 1 264 896 1 470 1 482 1 370 1 487
1856 1861 1866 1872 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896
1 396 1 382 1 252 1 187 1 153 1 155 1 136 1 038 1 006
1901 1906 1911 1921 1926 1931 1936 1946 1954
934 937 855 725 663 605 580 549 461
1962 1968 1975 1982 1990 1999 2006 2008 two thousand and thirteen
401 375 360 379 381 413 450 460 485
2018 2020 – – – – – – –
483 483 – – – – – – –
Histogram of demographic evolution

Climate [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The climate that characterizes the municipality was qualified, in 2010, as “altered ocean climate”, according to the typology of the climates of France which then had eight main types of climates in mainland France [ 40 ] . In 2020, the municipality emerged from the same type of climate in the classification established by Météo-France, which now only has five main types of climates in mainland France. It is a transitional area between the oceanic climate, the mountain climate and the semi-continental climate. The temperature differences between winter and summer increase with the removal of the sea. The rainfall is lower than in the sea, except near the reliefs [ 41 ] .

The climatic parameters which made it possible to establish the typology of 2010 have six variables for temperatures and eight for precipitation, whose values ​​correspond to the monthly data on normal 1971-2000 [ 42 ] . The seven main variables characterizing the municipality are presented in the box below.

Communal climatic parameters over the period 1971-2000 [ 40 ]

  • Annual temperature average: 12.7 °C
  • Number of days with a temperature below −5 °C  : 4,9 j
  • Number of days with a temperature above 30 °C  : 9 j
  • Annual thermal amplitude [ Note 2 ] : 15.7 °C
  • Annual precipitation accumulation [ Note 3 ] : 1 093 mm
  • Number of precipitation days in January: 12.8 d
  • Number of precipitation days in July: 7.3 d

With climate change, these variables have evolved. A study carried out in 2014 by the Directorate General of Energy and Climate [ 44 ] supplemented by regional studies [ 45 ] provides indeed that the average temperature should grow and the average rainfall is lower, with high regional variations. These changes can be noted on the nearest Météo-France weather station, “Branceilles”, in the town of Branceilles, commissioned in 1989 [ forty six ] and which is at 7 km as the crow flies [ 47 ] , [ Note 4 ] , where the average annual temperature is 12.7 °C and the precipitation height of 1 002.5 mm For the period 1981-2010 [ 48 ] .
On the nearest historical weather station, “Brive”, in the town of Brive-la-Gaillarde, commissioned in 1987 and 14 km [ 49 ] , the average annual temperature evolves from 12.7 °C For the period 1971-2000 [ 50 ] , To 12.7 °C For 1981-2010 [ 51 ] , then 13.0 °C For 1991-2020 [ 52 ] .

Typology [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Collonges-la-Rouge is a rural commune [ Note 5 ] , [ 53 ] . It is indeed one of the municipalities that are not very little dense, in the sense of the municipal gate of INSEE density [ 54 ] , [ 55 ] .

In addition, the municipality is part of the attraction area of ​​Brive-la-Gaillarde, of which it is a commune of the Crown [ Note 6 ] . This area, which brings together 80 municipalities, is categorized in the areas of 50,000 to less than 200,000 inhabitants [ 56 ] , [ 57 ] .

Land use [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Carte en couleurs présentant l'occupation des sols.

Map of infrastructure and land use of the municipality in 2018 (CLC).

The occupation of the soils of the municipality, as it appears from the European Database for Biophysical Occupation of Corine Land Cover (CLC), is marked by the importance of agricultural territories (57.2% in 2018) , a proportion identical to that of 1990 (57.2%). The detailed distribution in 2018 is as follows:
Forests (40.3%), meadows (30.8%), permanent crops (13.4%), heterogeneous agricultural areas (13%), urbanized areas (2.4%) [ 58 ] .

The IGN also provides an online tool to compare the evolution over time of the soil occupation of the municipality (or territories to different scales). Several eras are accessible in the form of aerial cards or photos: the Cassini card ( XVIII It is century), the staff map (1820-1866) and the current period (1950 to today) [ Card 1 ] .

Major risks [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The territory of the town of Collonges-la-Rouge is vulnerable to different natural vagaries: meteorological (storm, thunderstorm, snow, cold, heat wave or drought) and earthquake (very low seismicity). It is also exposed to a technological risk, the rupture of a dam, and to a particular risk: the risk of radon [ 59 ] . A site published by the BRGM makes it possible to simply and quickly assess the risks of a property located either by your address or by the number of its plot [ 60 ] .

Natural risks [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Map of the Alea Retracking areas of the clay soils of Collonges-la-Rouge.

Removing clay soils is likely to cause significant damage to buildings in the event of alternating periods of drought and rain. 45% of the municipal area is in medium or strong hazard (26.8% at the departmental level and 48.5% at the national level). Of the 360 ​​buildings counted in the town in 2019, 126 are in Middle or strong hazard, 35%, to be compared to the 36% at the departmental level and 54% at the national level. A mapping of the national territory exhibition to the swelling of the clay soils is available on the BRGM website [ sixty one ] , [ Card 2 ] .

In addition, in order to better understand the risk of subsidence of land, the national inventory of underground cavities makes it possible to locate those located in the town [ 62 ] .

The municipality was recognized as a natural disaster state for damage caused by floods and mudslides which occurred in 1982, 1999 and 2001. Regarding land movements, the municipality was recognized as a natural disaster under damages caused by field movements in 1999 [ 59 ] .

Technological risks [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The municipality is also located downstream of the Bort-les-Orgues dam, a class A work [ Note 7 ] with a deduction of 477 million cubic meters [ sixty four ] . As such it is likely to be affected by the submersion wave following the rupture of this work [ 65 ] .

Particular risk [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

In several parts of the national territory, the radon, accumulated in certain accommodation or other premises, can constitute a significant source of exposure of the population to ionizing radiation. Some municipalities in the department are affected by Radon risk at a higher or lower level. According to the 2018 classification, the municipality of Collonges-la-Rouge is classified in zone 3, namely zone with significant radon potential [ 66 ] .

The village economy is mainly based on tourism trade (shops and restaurants), the notoriety of the municipality ensuring it a frequentation of 700,000 annual visitors (2017 figures) [ sixty seven ] . The use of the heritage process for the town in order to promote its tourism valuation also means that it is faced with the risks of museification, which explains in particular that it has no service such as a bakery, a grocery store or a market weekly [ 68 ] .

The municipality’s income is largely linked to substantial income from paid car parks [ Ref. desired] .

Shops [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The 150 Collonges shops are mainly made up of tourist shops [ 69 ] . The association “Creations and products of Collonges” is responsible for introducing the artistic works of the town [ 29 ] .

Unemployment [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

2007: 7.1%

2012: 13.9%

2015: 14.5%

Several films and series have been shot in the town, in particular:

To animate its town, the town of Collonges has welcomed an outdoor theater festival since 1991, the Théâtrales, created by the Collonges Animations Spectacles, every year that seeks to associate heritage and culture. Every Tuesday evening between mid-July and mid-August, the green theater located on Place du Lavoir receives a different show [ 70 ] .

Collonges-la-Rouge.jpg

The village of Collonges is built mainly in red sandstone (which gives part of its name) contrasting with the green of chestnuts and surrounding vines. This red earth, called “land of collonges”, which takes a salmon shade in summer when it is dry, and a shade of dried blood in wet period, lends itself to the work of artisanal pottery, hence the pottery workshops in the territory [ 71 ]

It has numerous buildings protected as a historic monuments between 1905 and 1987: 8 classified historic monuments and 20 historical monuments inscribed [ 13 ] .

Meyssac’s red sandstone was used for its resistance and ease of working. Masons also punctually used Grammont beige sandstone and lithographic limestone “which create polychromy effects. Apart from the town these materials prevail over the red sandstone, which is only used as a complement. Originally, the red sandstone rubble used for the structural work were coated. Only the stones of size reserved for angle chains and the openings of the openings were apparent. It was only from 1930, during the first house restorations, that the masonry was left naked [ 72 ] ».

Nicknamed “Cited at twenty-five rounds” , the town is also distinguished by its many towers and turrets most often located on the corner of the townhouses of the notables or the rural mansions enclosed by walls. These dwellings, turning their backs on the street (castels of Vassinhac, Benge, Beauvirie), are distributed by stairs on screws included in off-edge, circular or polygonal towers, some of which have kept their cover in the seam of sandstone red (the red color having grayed over time) [ seventy three ] , carried by a masonry vault in a cul-de-four or in a pyramid, or by a wooden frame. Beyond their practical functions, the towers also constituted ostentatious signs of wealth and sometimes their top floor served as a dovecote [ 74 ] .

Sound nickname “Cited at twenty-five rounds” comes from the fact that the town was able to count this number of the time of its splendor between the XVI It is and the XVIII It is centuries. The doors and windows tax introduced by the law of 4 frimaire year VII (November 24, 1798) has the consequence that the owners, less inclined to be taxed on window towers, are reluctant to keep this testimony of their financial ease . “Some are demolished, others simply leveled with one or two floors. Staircases in the works are delected and integrated under the roof of the house to become completely invisible from the outside [ 74 ] ». This is how many laps have disappeared in the town which has 17 apparent laps in 2023 [ 75 ] .

The village is part of the association of the most beautiful villages of France (it is Charles Ceyrac, mayor of Collonges from 1965 to 1996 who created the association in 1982, it is the first classified on the list of most beautiful villages of France) is the most visited site in Limousin.

Civil architecture [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

La Halle Henri IV [ 76 ] is a hall with grains and wines dating from the end of XVI It is or start XVII It is century. It evokes the shopping activity of the village in its prosperous hours and still houses the banal oven which was still used in 1968 (today it is only rowed on the first Sunday, for the annual bread festival) [ 19 ] . The covered passage is registered in historic monuments [ 77 ] .

Residential buildings [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

  • The Maison de la Sirène (headquarters of the association of Friends of Collonges and Museum of Popular Arts and Traditions [ 29 ] ): House on the ground floor with porch and covered passage in a lowered arc, surmounted by a cross window, and first floor with a cantilevered part with apparent pan of wood. The span of the Gothic front door (decorated with a molding of XV It is is punctuated by a banner prolonged by vertical ribs that end in carved pants, the one on the right represents a siren which holds a comb and a mirror, and the one on the left, much less preserved, would perhaps represent a man riding a dolphin. The house that dates from XVI It is century is classified as a historic monument [ 78 ] .
A postal stamp, worth 3.00 francs, representing the house of the siren was issued the [ 79 ] .
  • The priory, built at XVI It is century, has been registered in historic monuments since January 4, 1951 for its facade with balcony on consoles and its roofs [ 80 ] .
  • The old house of the sisters, built at XVI It is century, is listed in Historic Monuments on January 4, 1951 (facade with balconies on half-wheels and roof [ 81 ] ).

Rue de la Barrière:

  • the bonyt house dates from XVI It is century, and is registered in historic monuments, especially for its facade, its roof, and the screw staircase [ 82 ] ;
  • The Maison Boutang du Peyrat, with parts of XV It is , XVI It is And XVII It is centuries, is listed in historic monuments. Protected elements are a window that has kept its Louis XIII period carpentry, the front door of the XVII It is century, a wooden fireplace with a painted frieze, as well as the facade and the roofs [ 83 ] ;
  • Maison Julliot, dating from XVI It is century (a stone is dated 1803), is inscribed in historic monuments, for its facade, its roof, and the perron [ 84 ] ;
  • The Dey house, located at Place de la Fontaine, is registered in the Historic Monuments (especially for its staircase whose bearings are made of red stone) [ 85 ] ;
  • A house located at Place de la Halle, date of XVI It is A you XVIII It is century. Its facade, its loggia and its roofs are registered in historic monuments [ eighty six ] .

The wrist house has a window of XVII It is century, classified as a historic monument [ eighty seven ] .

House Salvant and Vallat is also registered in Historic Monuments [ 88 ] .

Official buildings [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

  • The former Châtellerie court ( XVI It is century), has been classified as a historic monument since December 13, 1978 [ 89 ] .
  • The old town hall (parts of XVI It is , XVII It is And XVIII It is centuries), has been registered in historic monuments since January 4, 1951, for the facade, the roof, and the cut stone fireplace [ 90 ] .

Les castles, hotels and noble houses [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

  • The Vassinhac Manor XVI It is century [ 91 ] , whose owners were governors and captains of the Château de Turenne: it has some fortification elements, and is classified as a historic monument [ 92 ] ;
  • The Château or Hôtel du Friac or Beaurival (Hôtel de Beaurival): XV It is century, classified as a historic monument on December 17, 1926 [ 93 ] ;
  • The Château de Benge, parts of XVI It is century and XVIII It is century, classified as a historic monument by the decrees of September 23, 1953 and March 18, 1954 [ ninety four ] ;
  • Castel Maussac, XV It is century and XVI It is century, has been written as a historic monument since December 17, 1926 [ 95 ] ;
  • the Breuil castle;
  • The Château du Martret, parts of XVI It is century and XIX It is century, classified as a historic monument [ 96 ] ;
  • The Manoir de Beauvirie, which dates from XVI It is century and is registered in historic monuments [ 97 ] ;
  • The castle of Beauregard, of XV It is century, has been inscribed historic monument since December 17, 1926 [ 98 ] .

Military architecture [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The fortified enclosure date of XIV It is Century: the Porte du Priory and the Flat door (so named because not provided with a tower, it closed access to the west of this Prieural enclosure) are registered and classified as historic monuments respectively and classified [ 99 ] .

Religious architecture [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

  • The Saint-Pierre church, built in red sandstone at XI It is And XII It is centuries, was enlarged and fortified at the end of the Middle Ages. It is distinguished by its Romanesque bell tower in Gables. This rare and particularly elaborate structure represents the most archaic type of the Limousin bell tower [ 100 ] . The building was classified as a historic monuments in 1905 [ 101 ] .
  • The chapel of black penitents would date from XIV It is century and would have belonged to the priory of Collonges. From the outset, it is assigned to the burial of certain local notable families, notably the Maussac whose coat of arms are visible above a walked door and on a keystone of the chapel. From the middle of XVII It is century and until the end of XIX It is century, it is the chapel of black penitents. After the disappearance of the brotherhood, the chapel falls in ruins. “The Société des Amis de Collonges” undertakes catering work from 1927 [ 102 ] .
  • Église Saint-Pierre de Collonges-la-Rouge.

    Saint-Pierre de Collonges-la-Rouge church.

  • Tympan du portail de l'église.

    Tympanum of the church portal.

  • Clocher de l'église Saint-Pierre.

    Bell tower of the Saint-Pierre church.

  • Portail de l'église Saint-Pierre.

    Portal of the Saint-Pierre church.

  • Eglise Saint-Pierre.
  • Chapelle des Pénitents.

Gallery [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

  • Une rue à Collonges-la-Rouge

    A street in Collonges-la-Rouge

  • Une rue à Collonges-la-Rouge

    A street in Collonges-la-Rouge

  • Tourelles

    Turrets

  • Place de Collonges-la-Rouge

    Place de Collonges-la-Rouge

  • Vue de l'église sous un porche

    View of the church under a porch

  • Castel de Vassinhac

    Castel de Vassinhac

  • Castel de Vassinhac

    Castel de Vassinhac

  • Castel de Vassinhac et église

    Castel de Vassinhac and church

  • Vue arrière de l'église

    Rear view of the church

  • Maison Ramade de la Serre

    Ramade de la greenhouse house

Maurice Biraud’s house in rue Noire [ 103 ] .
  • The actor and animator of Radio Maurice Biraud is buried in Collonges-la-Rouge after his wife Françoise, president of the “Société des Amis de Collonges”, made him discover the village [ 29 ] .

A postal stamp, worth 3.00 francs, representing the house of the mermaid dating from the XVI It is century in Collonges-la-Rouge was issued on July 3, 1982 [ 79 ] .

To reward paintings in painting, there is a Collonges-la-Rouge prize at the French artist show:

Notes and cards [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

  1. ↑ Legal municipal population in force at 1 is January 2023, vintage 2020, defined within the territorial limits in force at 1 is January 2022, Statistical reference date: 1 is January 2020.
  2. ↑ The annual thermal amplitude measures the difference between the average temperature of July and that of January. This variable is generally recognized as a criterion of discrimination between ocean and continental climates.
  3. ↑ Precipitation, in meteorology, is an organized set of liquid or solid water particles falling into free fall within the atmosphere. The amount of precipitation reaching a portion of terrestrial surface given in a given time interval is evaluated by the precipitation height, measured by the pluviometers [ 43 ] .
  4. ↑ The distance is calculated as the crow flies between the weather station proper and the capital of commune.
  5. ↑ According to the zoning published in November 2020, in application of the new definition of rurality validated the in the interministerial rurality committee.
  6. ↑ The concept of cities attraction areas replaced the old concept of urban area in October 2020 to allow comparisons consistent with other countries of the European Union.
  7. ↑ The classification of dams depends on two parameters: height and volume selected [ 63 ] .

References [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

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  10. ↑ ‘ Meyssac mesozoic flaw » , on mnhn.fr (consulted the ) .
  11. ↑ ‘ Meyssac mesozoic flaw » , on Developpement-Durable.Gouv.fr (consulted the ) .
  12. ↑ ‘ Geology in Noailhac » , on Noailhacpatrimoine.fr (consulted the ) .
  13. ↑ A B C and D DREAL DU LIMOUSIN, Remarkable Limousin sites , t. 3, the ardent publishers, , p. 253 .
  14. ↑ Albert Dauzat and Charles Rostaing, Etymological dictionary of place names in France , Guénégaud bookstore 1979. p. 200 – 201. Article Collanges .
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  18. ↑ A B and C Isabelle Varin, ” Collonges-la-Rouge (Corrèze). Blood in green country », The most beautiful villages in France , n O 23, , p. 9 .
  19. ↑ a et b André Gaubert, Live in quercy , Vernities private, , p. 39 .
  20. ↑ Thibaut Fauvergue, «  Wine in Corrèze », Correzian life , n O 3778, , p. 11 .
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  22. ↑ Isabelle Varin, ” Collonges-la-Rouge (Corrèze). Blood in green country », The most beautiful villages in France , n O 23, , p. ten .
  23. ↑ ‘ COLLONGES CASTELS » , on Videoguidelimousin.fr (consulted the ) .
  24. ↑ Dominique Auzias, Jean-Paul Labourdette, Limousin 2016/2017 , Little wily one, , p. eighty seven .
  25. ↑ ‘ Vine » , on Videoguidelimousin.fr (consulted the ) .
  26. ↑ Creation of the association
  27. ↑ Isabelle Varin, ” Collonges-la-Rouge (Corrèze). Blood in green country », The most beautiful villages in France , n O 23, , p. 11 .
  28. ↑ J.F., 1969, 8894.
  29. ↑ A B C and D Isabelle Varin, ” Collonges-la-Rouge (Corrèze). Blood in green country », The most beautiful villages in France , n O 23, , p. twelfth .
  30. ↑ Mathilde Lyotard, on. Cit. , p. 50 .
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  32. ↑ Prefecture site , accessed August 20, 2008.
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  34. ↑ http://www.ps19.org/?p=408 Socialists in Corrèze Federation of Corrèze of the Socialist Party.
  35. ↑ Christian Lippold, Parishes and municipalities of France. Corrèze , CNRS editions, , p. 19 .
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  37. ↑ Departmental censuses calendar , on INSEE.fr.
  38. ↑ From the villages of Cassini to today’s municipalities On the site of the School of Advanced Studies in Social Sciences.
  39. ↑ INSEE – Legal populations of the town for years 2006 , 2007 , 2008 , 2009 , 2010 , 2011 , 2012 , two thousand and thirteen , 2014 , 2015 , 2016 , 2017 , 2018 , 2019 And 2020 .
  40. ↑ a et b Daniel Joly, Thierry Brossard, Hervé Cardot, Jean Cavailhes, Mohamed Hilal and Pierre Wavresky, ” Types of climates in France, a spatial construction », Cybergéo, European Geography Review – European Journal of Geography , n O 501, (DOI  https://doi.org/10.4000/Cybergeo.23155 , read online , consulted the )
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  42. ↑ ‘ Definition of a normal climate » , on http://www.meteofrance.fr (consulted the )
  43. ↑ Glossary – Precipitation , Meteo France
  44. ↑ ‘ The climate of France in the 21st century – Volume 4 – Regionalized scenarios: 2014 edition for the metropolis and overseas regions » , on https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr (consulted the ) .
  45. ↑ [PDF] ‘ Regional Observatory on Agriculture and Climate Change (Oracle) Nouvelle-Aquitaine » , on nouvelle-aquitaine.chambres-agriculture.fr , (consulted the )
  46. ↑ ‘ Météo -France BRANCEILLES – Metadata » , on DONNEESPULIQUES.METEOFRance.fr (consulted the )
  47. ↑ ‘ Orthodrome between Collonges-la-Rouge and Branceilles » , on Fr.distance.to (consulted the ) .
  48. ↑ ‘ Météo -France BRANCEILLES – CLIMATOLOGICAL SHEET – Statistics 1981-2010 and Records » , on DONNEESPULIQUES.METEOFRance.fr (consulted the ) .
  49. ↑ ‘ Orthodrome between Collonges-la-Rouge and Brive-la-Gaillarde » , on Fr.distance.to (consulted the ) .
  50. ↑ ‘ BRIVE – Normal weather station for the period 1971-2000 » , on https://www.infoclimat.fr (consulted the )
  51. ↑ ‘ BRIVE – Normal weather station for the period 1981-2010 » , on https://www.infoclimat.fr (consulted the )
  52. ↑ ‘ Brive – Normal weather station for the period 1991-2020 » , on https://www.infoclimat.fr (consulted the )
  53. ↑ ‘ Rural zoning » , on www.observatoire-des -territoires.gouv.fr (consulted the ) .
  54. ↑ ‘ Urban-Definition municipality » , on INSEE website (consulted the ) .
  55. ↑ ‘ Understand the density grid » , on www.observatoire-des -territoires.gouv.fr (consulted the ) .
  56. ↑ ‘ Base of attraction areas for 2020 cities. » , on INSEE.FR , (consulted the ) .
  57. ↑ Marie-Pierre de Bellefon, Pascal Eusebio, Jocelyn Forest, Olivier Pégaz-Blanc and Raymond Warnod (INSEE), ‘ In France, nine out of ten people live in the attraction of a city » , on INSEE.FR , (consulted the ) .
  58. ↑ ‘ Corine Land Cover (CLC) – Distribution of areas in 15 land use stations (metropolitan area). » , on the Statistical data and studies site of the Ministry of Ecological Transition. (consulted the )
  59. ↑ a et b ‘ Risks near my home-Municipality of Collonges-la-Rouge » , on Georisque (consulted the )
  60. ↑ BRGM, ‘ Simply and quickly assess the risks of your property » , on Georisque (consulted the )
  61. ↑ ‘ Removal-clay with clays » , on the Site of the National Observatory of Natural Risks (consulted the )
  62. ↑ ‘ List of underground cavities located in the town of Collonges-la-Rouge » , on http://www.geisques.gouv.fr (consulted the )
  63. ↑ Article R214-112 of the Environment Code
  64. ↑ ‘ Bort-les-Orgues dam » , on www.barrages-cfbr.EU (consulted the )
  65. ↑ ‘ Departmental file of major risks of Corrèze » , on www.correze.gouv.fr (consulted the ) , Chapter Risk rupture of dam.
  66. ↑ ‘ Radon risk mapping in France. » , on The IRSN website , (consulted the )
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  68. ↑ Mathilde Lyotard, on. Cit. , p. 21 and 44
  69. ↑ Mathilde Lyotard, on. Cit. , p. 52 .
  70. ↑ ‘ Collonges today » , on Videoguidelimousin.fr (consulted the ) .
  71. ↑ Périgord, Berry, Limousin, Quercy , Michelin Travel Publications, , p. seventy three .
  72. ↑ ‘ Why is Collonges red? » , on Videoguidelimousin.fr (consulted the ) .
  73. ↑ At XIX It is Century, the Lauze and the slate of Corrèze were gradually “replaced by the flat tile and then the mechanical tile, less expensive and easier to install, but less in line with the aesthetics of the town. Also, since the classification of the Collonges site in 1942, the cover in mechanical tiles has been prohibited to promote the progressive reintroduction of the slate. According to repairs, some roofs combine several materials ”. See ‘ Covers » , on Videoguidelimousin.fr (consulted the ) .
  74. ↑ a et b ‘ The towers of Collonges » , on Videoguidelimousin.fr (consulted the ) .
  75. ↑ Daniele Fender, ‘ What are our towers that have become? (or the mystery of the missing towers) » , on collonges-la-rouge.fr (consulted the ) .
  76. ↑ ‘ Collongeoise bread festival » , on lamontagne.fr , .
  77. ↑ Order of October 20, 1987 La Halle, Notice n O  PA00099724 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  78. ↑ Order of September 21, 1949, Maison de la Sirène, Notice n O  PA00099730 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  79. ↑ a et b The stamp .
  80. ↑ Former priory, Notice n O Pa00099742 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  81. ↑ Old house of the sisters, Notice n O Pa00099731 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  82. ↑ Order of January 4, 1951, Maison Bonyt, Notice n O  PA00099734 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  83. ↑ Order of January 4, 1951, Maison Boutang du Peyrat, Notice n O Pa00099733 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  84. ↑ Julliot house, Notice n O Pa00099737 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  85. ↑ My Samsons, Notice n O Pa00099735 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  86. ↑ Order of January 5, 1951, house located at Place de la Halle, Notice n O Pa00099739 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  87. ↑ Order of April 22, 1954, wrist house, Notice n O Pa00099728 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  88. ↑ Order of January 4, 1951, house Salvant and Vallat, Notice n O Pa00099729 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  89. ↑ Former court of chatellery, Notice n O Pa00099743 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  90. ↑ Old town hall, Notice n O Pa00099726 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  91. ↑ ‘ Manoir de Vassinhac in Collonges -la -Rouge – PA00099741 – Monumentum » , on monumentum.fr (consulted the )
  92. ↑ Order of March 25, 1932, Manoir de Vassinhac, Notice n O  PA00099741 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  93. ↑ Former Beaurival hotel, Notice n O Pa00099725 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  94. ↑ Château de Bége, Notice n O  PA00099964 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  95. ↑ Maussac castle, Notice n O  PA00099720 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  96. ↑ Order of May 28, 1951, Château du Martret, Notice n O Pa00099719 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  97. ↑ Order of October 3, 1929, manor dit de Beauvirie, Notice n O  PA00099740 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  98. ↑ Château de Beauregard, Notice n O  PA00099718 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  99. ↑ Fortified city pregnant, Notice n O Pa00099723 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture , accessed August 14, 2010.
  100. ↑ Karine Colle-Madies, Collonges-la-Rouge, the bell tower of the Saint-Martin church – p. 125-130 , In Archaeological Congress of France. 163 It is session. Corrèze. 2005 – French Society of Archeology – Paris – 2007.
  101. ↑ ‘ Saint-Pierre or Saint-Sauveur Church » , on www.pop.culture.gouv.fr (consulted the )
  102. ↑ ‘ The chapel of black penitents » , on Videoguidelimousin.fr (consulted the ) .
  103. ↑ The houses on this street are built up with each other and many baffles are intended to facilitate the defense of the city.
  104. ↑ “List of awards awarded by the juries”, Society of French artists, 1975 fair , Paris, 1975, shot apart, p.4.
  105. ↑ Society of French artists, List of awards awarded by juries , Paris, shot apart, 1973, p.4.

On other Wikimedia projects:

Bibliography [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

  • Lemouzi review, June 1973, “Collonges” by the Société des Amis de Collonges
  • Agnès Brahim-Giry, Dimitri Paloumbas, Turenne, Collonges-la-Rouge (Corrèze) , Samogy Éditions d’Art (collection Heritage n O  360), Paris, 2011 (ISBN  978-2-7572-0467-2 ) ; p. 96
  • Jean-Pierre Lacombe, Collonges-la-Rouge, jewel of Bas-Limousin , Another Reg’art, Albi, 2015.
  • Robert Duchâteau, Maurice Biraud, his two favorites for Collonges-la-Rouge , Les Amis de Collonges, 2013.

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