Complot des illuminati — Wikipedia

The Complot des Illuminati is a conspiratorial theory that the German “Society of Thought” of the Illuminated in Bavaria, historically dissolved in 1785, would have persisted in hiding and would continue a secret plan of domination of the world. This theory, the first mention of which dates back to the work of John Robison, Proof of a Conspiracy , published in 1797, is confused with the theories of the Masonic conspiracy by advancing that the Illuminati achieves their plan by infiltrating the various governments, in particular those from revolutions, and the other initiation companies including Freemasonry.

In the Anglo-Saxon world, the conspiracy theory of the Illuminati was launched by Evidence of a conspiracy , work published by the Scottish John Robison in 1797 ^{[ first ]} .

In France, the conspiracy theory of the Illuminati comes mainly from the Catholic environments of the counter-revolution, in particular from Augustin Barruel ^{[ 2 ]} and his Memoirs to serve the history of Jacobinism (1798-1799) ^{[ first ]} .

If historical studies believe that the last illuminati have not survived beyond the XVIII ^{It is} century ^{[ 3 ] , [ 4 ]} , The name “Illuminati” remains used in the folklore of the conspiracy to identify as conspirators of various groups (Freemasons, Zionists, CIA, Communists, various secret societies, international organizations) and to designate, in the resulting system, the kernel of “masters of the world”. The American director Myron Coureval Fagan, former FBI indicator known for his racist and anti -Semitic projections, was one of the first propagators of these theories involving the Illuminati, inspired by the tests of John Thomas Flynn ^{[Ref. necessary]} .

During the interwar period, propagandists like the revisionist historian Nesta Webster and the fascist essayist Edith Starr Miller popularized the myth of the plot of the Illuminati by affirming that it was a subversive secret society In the service of the Jewish elites which would have supported both capitalism and Soviet communism in order to divide the world to better reign. Evangelist Gerald Burton Winrod and other conspiracy theorists, in American fundamentalist Christianity, have become the main vectors of dissemination of conspiracy theories of Illuminati in the United States. Populist groups on the right, such as John Birch Society, then accused certain fraternities or associations (including Skull and Bones and the Bohemian Club) of being in the hands of the Illuminati eager to create a new world order in their favor.

For Stéphane François, this conspiracy theory “Has a lot of similarities with another important myth: The protocols of the Sages of Zion , which would be the written plan of Jewish agitators to enslave the world. In fact, we are in the presence of contemporary mythologies and “agglutinating” myths, that is to say different myths that agency and merge between them ” ^{[ 5 ]} , THE Sages of Sion Protocols Having in reality been written in Paris, in 1901, by an informant from OKHRANA (the secret police of the Russian Empire), Mathieu Golovinski…

According to the philosopher Philippe Huneman,

“[The Illuminati] are like a“ conspiracy supervisor ”which would come to synthesize them. They would appear the archetype of conspirators: their omnipotence is commensurate with their opacity. The conspiracy appears here as pure of any prejudice: while the usual conspirators more or less hide anti-Semitic or racist motivations-the Judeo-Bolshevik plot of the 1930s, Masonic plots, the allocation of September 11 to the CIA, etc -, we cannot reduce the illuminati plot to a matter of anti -Semitism or antiamericalism, since, precisely, the Illuminati do not exist. Inasmuch as pure forms From conspiracy theory, the legend of the Illuminati makes it possible to understand these strange alternative stories whose presence in public debate – above all on the Internet – sows doubt about the facts announced by the media and feeds mistrust with regard to democratic institutions ^{[ 6 ]} . »

US government [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Illuminati’s conspiracy theory declares that certain founding fathers of the United States, some of which were Freemasons, were corrupted by the Illuminati. This very old conspiracy theory is still sustained today, notably by the American writer Antony Cyril Sutton who considers that the influence of the Illuminati on the American government is manifested through the student fraternity of the Yale University: Skull and Bones ^{[ 7 ]} .

George Washington himself had in his time received a copy of the conspiracy book Proof of a Conspiracy ^{[ 8 ]} by John Robison. In a letter of thanks that he wrote to the sender the September 25, 1798 , the first president nia that the illuminated from Bavaria managed to gain influence in any of the Masonic Masonic lodges ^{[ 9 ]} .

Large seal of the United States [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The reverse of the big seal of the United States, especially visible on the 1-dollar post, represents a truncated pyramid whose summit is lit by the eye of Providence. Above is written the motto Signals , and below, New order of the ages . The inscription (MDCCCLXXVI) in Roman counts at the base of the pyramid corresponds to 1776, the year of the declaration of independence of the United States.

These symbols are cited by conspiracy theorists as examples of the presence and power of the Illuminati. According to them, the seal displays a lucid eye – which would represent the culmination of enlightenment: knowledge – dominating a blind base: symbol of an omniscient elite controlling the people ^{[Ref. necessary]} . Signals (“What we undertake will be successful” or, according to the translation, “it approves what has been started”) would be the cry of victory of the conspirators, while New order of the ages (“New order of centuries” or “new era of order”, “seculorum” being the plural genitive form of the word “saeculum”) would indicate the new, rebellious, independent regime of the church; The mention MDCCCLXXVI would send back to the year of the Bavarian Illuminated Foundation, Master Master of the American Government ^{[Ref. necessary]} . By this interpretation, the presence of triangles or unique eyes in photos and videos of political or media personalities is often interpreted as proof of their belonging to illuminati , as well as the people involved in the realization of a work of fiction showing these forms ^{[Ref. necessary]} .

These esoteric symbols appeared before the Illuminati. The eye in the triangle is a representation of God dating from the Renaissance. As for the unpleasant pyramid, suggested by Francis Hopkinson to the Committee which drew the great seal of the United States, it represents the new nation, doomed to last centuries like the famous Pyramids of Egypt. It has 13 rows of stones, representing the 13 original colonies, under the eye of Providence, the image of God watching over them. Finally, the inscription (MDCCCLXXVI) at the base of the pyramid is not there to mark the year of the Foundation of the Illuminated in Bavaria, but that of the declaration of independence of the United States ^{[ ten ]} .

According to the philosopher Philippe Huneman, the conspiracy theory of the Illuminati has “Known at XX ^{It is} A century at the time of the dissemination of major conspiracy theories concomitant to the development of fascism and communism. But, around the 1990s, there is a clear increase in the phenomenon. This is explained so much by the First Gulf War in 1991, which, two years after the end of the Soviet Empire, is an opportunity for Bush Father to announce the formation of a ‘ new world order » ; that through the arrival of the Internet, Filter Média where anyone who supports such a delusional theory can publish it and draw attention to it […]; or by the dissemination of illuminati imagery in counter-culture networks and in the African-American community via Rap music ^{[ 11 ]} . »

According to the historian Stéphane François, the myth of the Illuminati reappears “On the Internet to date from the 2000s” . In effect, “Publications with a paranoid/conspiratorial connotation speaking of the Illuminati were so far very little read, and above all little disseminated. They therefore remained confidential. Internet, by dematerializing the supports, allowed increased dissemination of these theses […] ^{[ 5 ]} . »

Philippe Huneman notes that the sites conveying the theory of the plot of the Illuminati “Are countless, as is the videos on YouTube-one of them has been seen more than a billion times: she explains the illuminati plans to kill a good part of humanity via A tsunami in New York in 2015 ^{[ first ]} . »

According to Stéphane François, the conspiracy theory of the Illuminati was conveyed by “The esoteric far -right circles marked by the New Age” . It is today by an far -right association as equality and reconciliation, but also “Among alterglobalists and in the world of hip-hop” , as well as by Laurent Glauzy, former columnist of Rivarol which devoted a book widely quoted to the far right ( Rivarol , Radio Courtoisie, several official sites of the National Front) ^{[ 2 ]} .

Bibliography [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

• (in) Charles C. Bradshaw, ‘ The New England Illuminati : Conspiracy and Causality in Charles Brockden Brown’s Wieland » , The New England Quarterly , vol. 76, n ^O 3, September 2003 , p. 356-377 (DOI  10,2307/1559807 , read online ) .
• Stéphane François, “A contemporary myth: the Illuminati” , in Jean-Loïc Le Quellec & Catherine Robert (dir.), Anthropology for all. Proceedings of the conference of June 6, 2015, Saint-Benoist-sur-Mer , 2015 ( read online ) , p. 86-93 .
• (in) Charles J. G. Griffin, ‘ Jedidiah Morse and the Bavarian Illuminati : An Essay in the Rhetoric of Conspiracy » , Central States Speech Journal , vol. 39, n ^you 3-4, 1988 , p. 293-303 (DOI  10.1080/10510978809363257 ) .
• (in) Amos Hofman, ‘ Opinion, Illusion, and the Illusion of Opinion : Barruel’s Theory of Conspiracy » , Eighteenth-Century Studies , vol. 27, n ^O 1, fall 1993 , p. 27-60 (DOI  10,2307/2739276 , read online ) .
• Philippe Huneman, ” Illuminati, a global conspiracy in its pure state », Philosophy Magazine , n ^O 96, February 2016 , p. 28-37 ( read online , consulted the April 4, 2017 ) .
• (in) Michael Taylor, ‘ British Conservatism, the Illuminati, and the Conspiracy Theory of the French Revolution, 1797–1802 » , Eighteenth-Century Studies , vol. 47, n ^O 3, Spring 2014 , p. 293-312 (DOI  10.1080/10510978809363257 ) .

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