Count of black chin – Wikipedia

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Spine beard

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The Throaty with black chin ( Spine beard , formerly Carduelis Barbata ) is a kind of passerines from the family of fringillidae (or fringillidae).

  • Mâle adulte
  • Femelle adulte

Woods (1982) had described food in the Malouine archipelago. He indicated that the species was mainly fed on seeds of herbaceous plants such as dandelion and shrubs like the Elliptical Véronique Hebe elliptical , scrophulariaceae. More recently, Tomasevic (2004) mentions that the black chinch also takes pine seeds Pine radiata au Chili. Archuby et al . (2007) analyzed the stomach content of 28 specimens, in autumn, in northern Patagonia and found eleven types of food (seven of plant origin and four of animal origin). The proportion of plants is predominant at 85.5% of the total weight and corresponds to the families of the brassicaceae Microcarpa cameline And Watercress Sp., Asteraceae Anthemis sp., chénopodiaceae Chenopodium sp. and Salsola Kali , Solanaceae Solanum SP. The brassicaceae seeds are the most abundant. The animal share is represented by insects (14.2%) belonging to the orders of diptera (larvae) and homoptera (psyllidae and aphadids). The aphadids correspond to Pterocomma populeum in many samples.

Other plants have been mentioned by Ottaviani (2011) such as buds and willows seeds, birchs, sedums, seneskets, sorrels and brooms but new plants have also been listed, supporting photos: seeds of Lepidium draba , brassicaceae and Chiliotrichum spread , asteracea as well as the fruits of a rosacea of ​​the genre Acaena .

Outside the nesting period, it can constitute troops of a hundred individuals, sometimes associated with throbbeds from Magellan in Chile and other granivores like the bruant Chingolo Zonotrichia capensis and a phrygile Phrygilus SP. In Chile, it frequents wood and shrub areas between 0 and 2,600 m altitude but he also visits the parks of the cities. It forms small groups even in periods of reproduction but constitutes larger troops in winter. The males are good singers in the nesting season and the troops are also noisy.

Reproduction [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

On Carcass Island in the Malouine archipelago, the nesting period takes place from September to December. The nests are placed at 1.80-2.00 m high in the fork of a large bush but sometimes lower in a tuft of grass of the pampas. The nest is a well structured cut of dry herbs, thin roots, foams and lichens with a thick interior coating of vegetable fibers, horsehair and sheep wool. The nest contains three to five white pink eggs finely spotted with red brown and black brown (Woods 1982, 1988).

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Astiée (2003) reports the second case (the first data dating from 1929) of the brooding of the thimbs with the black chin by the shiny cow ( Molothrus bonariensis ). Rojas et al. , (2004) have shown that this goldfinch is part of the diet (97.8% birds) of the sparrowhawk ( Hawk chilensls ) in a forest of Notthofagus from northern Patagonia.

The species is considered common through its continental area. On the Malouine Islands, the main threat comes from the introduction of different herbivorous species whose grazing the grassy plants essential for the food of the throbbes.

Distribution [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Center et Sud du chili (atacama, coquimbo, aconcagua, Santiago, Colchagua, Curigua, Talca, Linarès, Nable, Bio-bio, Cautin, Valvidia, Chiloe, Péninsule de Taitao, aysen, Magalgentine (rioargentine), Negro, Neuquen, Chubut, Patagonie, Terre de Feu, îles du Détroit de Magellan, Îles Malouines).

Habitat [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The goldfinch with black chin is a rather mountain host (rarely below 1,500 m ) of the temperate zone of the Andean regions of southern South America and the Falkland Islands. He lives in mixed forests, especially conifers Araucaria sp., Pinus sp., Austroedrus chilensis and hardwood Notthofagus Sp., Bosquets and more open areas dotted with bushes, brush, wasteland and herbaceous plants in more or less steep terrain. In southern Argentina (Patagonia) and Chile (Magallanes), the species is subservient to the open afforestation of antarctic beech trees Notthofagus sp.

In the Falkland Islands, the species was common in areas planted with trees and bushes, and dotted with tufts of herbs Poa flabellata . It even seemed to increase in staff since reforestation operations were taken several decades ago. It was common in the Western Falkland Islands due to the Bocage type vegetation, but the extension of sheep breeding had catastrophic repercussions on these habitats, hence a strong regression of the species in this sector Islands.

The species was described by the Chilean naturalist Juan Ignacio Molina in 1782, under the initial name of Fringilla barbata .

Synonymous [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

  • Fringilla barbata Molina, 1782 (protonyme)
  • Carduelis Barbata

Taxomony [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The black chin throat is conventionally considered as a monotypical species but Woods (1988) had suggested that the populations living in the Malouine archipelago could constitute a different subspecies. As there does not seem to be differences in the coloring of plumage (specimens of the Paris Museum) and in biometrics, only a comparative genetic study would be decisive.

external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

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Bibliography [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

  • ARCHUBY, D. I., Marti, L. J., Montalti, D., SOAVE, G. E., Camperi, A. R., Aramabarri, A. M. & Darrieu, C. A. (2007), « Alimentación del cabeCanigra Austral (2007), Carduelis Barbata ) During autumn “, Hornero , vol. 22, n O first, p. 65-68.
  • Astié, A. A. (2003), « New record of Shiny Cowbird ( Molothrus bonariensis ) parasitism of Black-chinned Siskins ( Carduelis Barbata ) » The Wilson Bulletin , vol. 115, n O 2, p. 212-213.
  • Ottaviani, M. (2011), Fringilles monograph (carduellifies) – Natural history and photographs , volume 2. Prin, Ingré, France, 286 p.
  • Rojas, R. A. F., Orellana, S. A., Stappung, S. C. & Shehadeh, I. (2004), « Prey of breeding Chilean Hawks ( Hawk chilensls ) in an Andean Nothofagus forest in northern Patagonia », The Wilson Bulletin , vol. 116, n O 4, p. 347-351.
  • Tomasevic, J. A. (2004), «Pine seed consumption ( Pine radiata ) in the area of ​​Constitution, Centro-Sur de Chile », Chilean Bullet of Ornitologίa , vol. ten, p. 18-19.
  • Woods, R. W. (1982), Falkland Islands Birds , A. Nelson, Oswestry.
  • Woods, R. W. (1988), Guide to the birds of the Falkland Islands , A. Nelson, Oswestry.

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