Deportation of the Amerindians – Wikipedia

Deportations of the Amerindian populations.

The Amerindian deportation Also called “displacement of Amerindians” was a decision of the United States government in the first half of the XIX ^{It is} century.

This government policy known as the Indian Removal Act (in French: Amerindian movement law) was a law of the United States dating from the May 26, 1830 And proposed by Andrew Jackson. This repressive law ordered the deportation of the Amerindians living in the territories between the thirteen founding states and the Mississippi river, towards a territory located west of this river. This forced trip concerned 60,000 Amerindians .

Since the presidency of Thomas Jefferson, American policy has been to authorize the Amerindians to remain east of the Mississippi, insofar as they were assimilated or “civilized”. This initial political objective was to have the natives abandon their own cultures, religions and lifestyles in favor of European culture, and a sedentary agricultural lifestyle. Thomas Jefferson expected that by assimilating the American Indians, the latter would become economically dependent on the trade and economic power of white Americans, and thus be ready to give up their own land in exchange for goods and goods.

At the beginning of XIX ^{It is} century, the notion of “land of exchange” was developed and written in treaties of territorial transfer. The Amerindians would give up their land in the east of the country in exchange for land equal or comparable to the west of the Mississippi river. This idea was proposed in 1803, by Thomas Jefferson, but was only used in treaties in 1817, when the Cherokee nation agreed to sell two large expanses of land to the east for a territory of the same size in the current Arkansas. Many other treaties of this nature followed quickly. This process resulted in the idea of ​​the exchange of all the land of the Amerindians in the east for land in the west. This process leads to the law of Indian Removal Act (“Act of displacement of the Indians”) of 1830.

In 1830, the five so -called “civilized” tribes (Cherokees, Chicachas, Chactas, Creeks, and Seminoles) because having adopted European uses and even the Christian religion, were forced to have to leave their Indian reserves due to land speculation and The richness of the underground in ore.

As soon as the promulgation of the act of displacement of the Indians was adopted at the Congress, the government obliged the five Native American tribes to sign travel treaties to new territories beyond Mississippi. The evictions started immediately and the deportation of thousands of people took on an unprecedented scale.

: document used as a source for writing this article.

• (in) Grant Foreman, Indian Removal : the Emigration of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians , vol.  2 (Civilization of the American Indian series), University of Oklahoma Press, 1974 , 423 p. (ISBN  978-0-8061-1172-8 , read online ) .
• (in) Weather in Francis Prucha , The Great Father : the United States Government and the American Indians , University of Nebraska Press, 1995 , 1302 p. (ISBN  978-0-8032-8734-1 , read online ) .
• (in) Robert V. Remini, Andrew Jackson : the Course of American Freedom, 1822-1832 , Johns Hopkins University Press, two thousand and thirteen , 504 p. (ISBN  978-1-4214-1329-7 , read online ) .
• (in) Anthony Wallace et Eric Foner, The Long, Bitter Trail : Andrew Jackson and the Indians , Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1993 , 143 p. (ISBN  978-0-8090-1552-8 , read online ) .

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