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Identification UICPA name 4.5-\u03b1-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3-ol Synonyms after-content-x4 Permonid N O","datePublished":"2020-07-01","dateModified":"2020-07-01","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3a\/Permonid.svg\/langfr-200px-Permonid.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/3a\/Permonid.svg\/langfr-200px-Permonid.svg.png","height":"158","width":"200"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/desomorphine-wikipedia\/","wordCount":5830,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4A wikipedia article, free l’encyclop\u00e9i. Disassembly  Atomic structure of dicose. Identification UICPA name 4.5-\u03b1-epoxy-17-methylmorphinan-3-ol  Synonyms        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Permonid N O CAS 427-00-9  N O Echa 100.006.406 N O THIS 207-045-7-7 Pubchem 5362456  SMILES CN1CC[C@]23[C@@H]4[C@H]1CC5=C2C(=C(C=C5)O)O[C@H]3CCC4 Pubchem , 3D view Inches Std. Inchi:  3D view  Inchi = 1S\/C17H21NO2\/C1-18-8-7-17-11-3-2-4-14 (17) 20-16-13 (19) 6-5-10 (15 (16) 17) 9- 12 (11) 18\/h5-6,11-12,14,19H, 2-4,7-9h2,1H3\/t11-, 12+, 14-, 17+\/m0\/s1 Std. InChIKey\u00a0:  LNNWVNGFPYWNQE-GMIGKAJZSA-N Chemicals Formula C 17 H 21 NO 2  [Isomers] Molar mass [ first ] 271,354 1 \u00b1 0.015 9 g\/mol C\u00a075,25\u00a0%,  H\u00a07,8\u00a0%,  N\u00a05,16\u00a0%,  O\u00a011,79\u00a0%,  Psychotropic character Category Opioid depressant Way of consuming Injection        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Other names Carkodile drugs, Krokodil, Kroko Risk of dependence Very high Related compounds Other compounds Morphine IS units and CNTP , unless otherwise stated. modifier  The disassembly is a derivative of morphine with strong sedative and analgesic effects [ 2 ] , [ 3 ] , [ 4 ] , discovery and patented in Germany in 1922 [ 5 ] , then in the United States in 1934 [ 6 ] . It is used with the trade name Permonid in Swiss [ 7 ] , then abandoned in 1981 because of its side and addictive effects [ 8 ] . It reappears as a narcotic substitution for heroin in Siberia in 2002 under the name of ” dope crocodile \u00bb or \u00ab Crocodile ” (in Russian : \u00abCrocodile\u00bb ), and its use spread in Russia in 2010 [ 9 ] , [ ten ] .        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The codeine first undergoes a nucleophilic substitution of its hydroxyl group by thionyl chloride, forming the \u03b1-chlorocodide. The catalytic reduction of the latter produces deocod\u00e9ine. Disococodeine finally undergoes a demethylation of its Methoxybenzene group in a phenolic group to form dice [ 11 ] [What ?] .  Synthesis of dicipation from codeine. Use (and rumors of use) as a narcotic [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The main danger of this drug comes from impurities linked to its artisanal manufacture. Many acidic and toxic by-products damage the tissues located at the location of injections, making them similar to the scales of the skin of a crocodile-hence the nickname frequently associated with this drug-and in the short term lead to Putrefaction [ twelfth ] , [ 13 ] . Journalists described it as “the most dangerous drug in the world” [ 14 ] . Several rumors of arrival of this drug in the West have been launched [ 15 ] Then denials [ 16 ] , [ 17 ] , in particular in 2011 by the French observatory of drugs and drug addiction [ 18 ] , in 2012 by the European Drug Observatory and drug addiction [ 19 ] , as well as in 2013 in Canada [ 20 ] and in 2014 in the United States [ 21 ] . Rare and isolated cases with the use of dice were reported in Spain in 2014 [ 22 ] and in the United Kingdom in 2019 [ 23 ] . \u2191 Molar mass calculated after ‘ Atomic weights of the elements 2007 \u00bb , on www.chem.qmul.ac.uk .  \u2191 (in)  Alan F. Casy , Opioid analgesics: chemistry and receptors , Plenum Press, 1986 (ISBN\u00a0 0306421305 And 9780306421303 , OCLC\u00a0 13269249 , read online ) .  \u2191 (in) Paul a. J. Janssen , ‘ A REVIEW OF THE CHEMICAL FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH STRONG MORPHINE-LIKE ACTIVITY \u00bb , British Journal of Anaesthesia , vol. 34, n O 4, first erApril 1962 , p. 260-268 (ISSN\u00a0 0007-0912And 1471-6771, PMID\u00a0 14451235, DOI\u00a0 10.1093\/bja\/34.4.260, read online , consulted the June 26, 2019 ) .  \u2191 (in) Lewis J. Sargent and Everette L. May , ‘ Agonists-antagonists derived from desomorphine and metopon \u00bb , Journal of Medicinal Chemistry , vol. 13, n O 6, November 1970 , p. 1061-1063 (ISSN\u00a0 0022-2623And 1520-4804, DOI\u00a0 10.1021\/jm00300a009, read online , consulted the June 26, 2019 ) .  \u2191 De patent 414598c ‘method for the production of dihydrodesoxymorphine and dihydrodesoxycodein’.  \u2191 (in)  ‘ Morphine derivative and processes for its preparation \u00bb , on worldwide.espacenet.com  (consulted the June 26, 2019 ) .  \u2191 (in)  ‘ Crocodile \u00bb , on Office of Alcoholism and Substance Abuse Services .  \u2191 Maria Katselou , John Papoutsis , Panagiota Nikolaou and Chara Spiliopoulou \u00ab A \u201cKrokodil\u201d emerges from the murky waters of addiction. Abuse trends of an old drug \u00bb, Life Sciences , vol. 102, n O 2, May 2, 2014 , p. 81-87 (ISSN\u00a0 0024-3205, DOI\u00a0 10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.03.008, read online , consulted the June 26, 2019 ) .  \u2191   France 24 – “Crocodile”: in the hell of drugs in Russia on YouTube , first is mars 2012.  \u2191 (in) Maximilian Gahr , Roland W. Freudenmann , Christoph DiemKE and ino M. favor , ‘ Desomorphine Goes \u201cCrocodile\u201d \u00bb , Journal of Addictive Diseases , vol. thirty first, n O 4, October 2012 , p. 407-412 (ISSN\u00a0 1055-0887And 1545-0848, DOI\u00a0 10.1080\/10550887.2012.735570, read online , consulted the June 26, 2019 ) .  \u2191 (in) Diego Hernando Angle Florez, Ana Maria dos Santos Moreira, Pedro Rafael da Silva, Ricardo Brand\u00e3o, Marcella Matos Cordeiro Borges, Fernando Jos\u00e9 Malague\u00f1o de Santana, Keyller Bastos Borges, ‘ Desomorphine (Krokodil): An overview of its chemistry, pharmacology, metabolism, toxicology and analysis \u00bb [“Disomorphine (Krokodil): Synthetic summary of data inherent in this substance with regard to its chemical, pharmacological, metabolic, toxicological and analytical component”], Drug and Alcohol Dependence , Elsevier, vol. 173 \u00ab\u00a0Review\u00a0\u00bb , first erApril 2017 , pp. 59-68 (DOI\u00a0 10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2016.12.021, r\u00e9sum\u00e9 ) .  \u2191 ‘ A new fatal drug arrives in Europe \u00bb , on FIGARO , October 19, 2011 (consulted the June 20, 2019 ) .  \u2191 Simon Childs \u00ab The Krokodil, this drug that eats away at the skin, may have landed in England \u00bb, Vice , two thousand and thirteen ( read online ) .  \u2191 ‘ “Krokodil”, the most dangerous drug in the world \u00bb , on RFI , November 16, 2016 (consulted the June 20, 2019 ) .  \u2191 ‘ A new fatal drug arrives in Europe \u00bb , on lefigaro.fr , October 19, 2011 (consulted the September 7, 2019 ) .  \u2191 Jonas add, ‘ The Krokodil, this destructive drug that leaves doubt \u00bb , La Libre Belgique, December 16, 2013 (consulted the 1erJuly 2019 ) .  \u2191 Gr\u00e9goire Fleurot, ‘ Do not believe the history of Krokodil drugs which would have “rotten the sex” of a teenager in Mexico \u00bb , slate.fr, 11 December 2013 (consulted the 1erJuly 2019 ) .  \u2191 ‘ Rumors of the circulation of dime or “krokodil” \u00bb , on French observatory of drugs and drug addiction , November 4, 2011 : \u201cDrug observation systems in Europe, especially in Germany and France, have not confirmed the appearance of this substance. The OFDT therefore wishes to recall that so far, the possibility of the presence of such a drug on European territory remains at the rumor stage. \u00bb\u00bb .  \u2191 (in)  ‘ EMCDDA\u2013Europol 2011 Annual Report on the implementation of Council Decision 2005\/387\/JHA \u00bb , on European Observatory for Drugs and Drug Addiction  (consulted the September 7, 2019 ) : ‘ There are no forensic or toxicological data confirming the availability of \u2018crocodile\u2019 in the EU. \u00bb .  \u2191 (in)  ‘ No Confirmed Reports of Desomorphine (\u201cKrocodil\u201d\/\u201cCrocodile\u201d) in Canada (CCENDU Bulletin) | Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction \u00bb , on www.ccsa.ca , two thousand and thirteen (consulted the June 26, 2019 ) .  \u2191 (in) Evan S. Black and Michael E. Mullins , ‘ \u2018Krokodil\u2019 in the United States Is an Urban Legend and Not a Medical Fact \u00bb , The American Journal of Medicine , vol. 127, n O 7, first erJuly 2014 , E25 (ISSN\u00a0 0002-9343And 1555-7162, PMID\u00a0 24970607, DOI\u00a0 10.1016\/j.amjmed.2014.01.040, read online , consulted the June 26, 2019 ) .  \u2191 (is) Abel Baquero Escribano , Maria Teresa Beltr\u00e1n Black , Egg yolk Calvo Orenga and Sonia Carratal\u00e1 Monfort , ‘ Krokodil consumption orally in Spain: About a case \u00bb , Addictions , vol. 28, n O 4, June 14, 2016 , p. 242 (ISSN\u00a0 0214-4840, DOI\u00a0 10.20882\/adicciones.828, read online , consulted the June 26, 2019 ) .  \u2191 (in) Conor Gogarty , ‘ \u2018Horrific\u2019 health problems of ‘flesh-eating zombie drug’ user\u00bb , on gloucestershirelive , February 5, 2019 (consulted the June 26, 2019 ) .         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