[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/double-nationality-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/double-nationality-wikipedia\/","headline":"Double nationality \u2014 Wikipedia","name":"Double nationality \u2014 Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 The Double nationality , the most frequent case of “multinationality”, is having two nationalities simultaneously. after-content-x4 The majority of","datePublished":"2020-02-01","dateModified":"2020-02-01","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":100,"height":100},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/double-nationality-wikipedia\/","wordCount":9553,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4The Double nationality , the most frequent case of “multinationality”, is having two nationalities simultaneously.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The majority of States in the world recognize it [ first ] or tolerate it [ 2 ] , especially in Europe [ 3 ] . Some states expressly prohibit it: therefore either their nationals who acquire another nationality are automatically fallen from their previous nationality (this was the case for the Belgians who acquired another nationality – except Israeli nationality – from 1984 to 2007), or they require proof that the person who acquires their nationality has renounced their previous nationality. Others are content not to recognize the second nationality or to ignore it when the person is on their territory (case of France). Others finally allow it fully and simply. Some only prohibit it for the exercise of certain political mandates or public functions, such as Algeria.   In matters of dual nationality, authorization does not mean recognition. The majority of countries authorizing dual nationality, including France, do not recognize it, that is to say that they consider their citizens as having at some point a single nationality. Concretely, this means that someone residing in such a country as a national (making use, for example of their identity card for different formalities), is treated as such and cannot take advantage of their other nationality to benefit, For example, more advantageous measures reserved for foreigners.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4In France, however, if dual nationality is not entered in French law, it is anchored in a long tradition, as recalled in May 2011 to the agency France Presse the historian Patrick Weil. \u201cFrance has always accepted dual nationality, such as the United Kingdom. After the First World War, during the reintegration of Alsace-Moselle in the French Republic, some Germans installed in the region wanted to become French while also keeping their nationality of origin. It was no problem [ 4 ] . \u00bb According to Professor Paul Lagarde, specialist in nationality and author of French nationality , “There are children who are duplicates by parentage, it is an extremely common hypothesis, there is a double connection which is perfectly legitimate … I do not see why they must force them to choose, and why The individual will here would replace an attachment factor, which is double by nature and which links this child to two countries [ 5 ] . \u00bb  With regard to consular services, some countries like France grant access to all their citizens regardless of their status in the country. Others, such as Iran or Mexico, in principle refuse the access of consular services to their citizens if they reside as nationals in the country where the consulate is located. According to Master Nationality Rule resulting from article 4 of the conference of the haye of private international law “… A state can refuse diplomatic protection to one of its citizens against another state whose citizen also has nationality” . If an individual engages in political or military activities in one of the countries he is a citizen, he does so by renouncing the assistance of other countries of which he is a citizen in the event that his life is threatened. A binational citizen holds two passports, which can facilitate the passage of borders or the obtaining of visas.It can sometimes vote during the national elections of the two countries (if one of the countries does not require that voters are permanent residents). This explains that binationality sometimes appears to be a privilege compared to mononationals and as an infringement of the principle of equality of rights.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The binational must respect its obligations in each country. For example, in Belgium, the vote is compulsory; The American citizen living abroad continues to pay taxes in the United States. Multinationality thus creates constraints that are not always reconciled (military service, etc.). In its famous Nottebohm stop of April 6, 1955 [ 6 ] , [ 7 ] , the International Court of Justice said that the Guatemala authorities could consider a German national as German who had just acquired the nationality of Liechtenstein, considering that this new nationality was not effective. In doing so, the court did not withdraw from Mr. Nottebohm the nationality of Liechtenstein and therefore did not cancel any standards or acts issued by this country, but was content to make it unenforceable in another country, In this case Guatemala. Table of ContentsThe Strasbourg Convention (1963) and the Council of Europe [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Azerbaijan [ modifier | Modifier and code ] People’s Republic of China [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Georgia [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Principality of Andorra [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Democratic Republic of Congo [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Japan [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Germany [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Cameroon [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Ethiopia [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Madagascar [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Norway [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Ukraine [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Total prohibition in the past, currently deleted [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Belgium [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Bolivia [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Fiji [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Haiti [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Taiwan [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Partial tolerance in the past, currently deleted [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Denmark [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Sweden [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Prohibition limited to certain functions [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Australia [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ] external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The Strasbourg Convention (1963) and the Council of Europe [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The Council of Europe has enacted the May 6, 1963 The Strasbourg Convention [ 8 ] , the objectives of which were explained in the prerequisites: \u201cConsidering that the purpose of the Council of Europe is to achieve a closer union between its members; Considering that the accumulation of nationalities is a source of difficulty and that a common action with a view to reducing as much as possible, in relations between Member States, cases of plurality of nationalities, responds to the goal pursued by the Council of Europe ; Considering that it is desirable that an individual who has the nationality of two or more contracting parties have to fulfill his military obligations only with regard to only one of these parties. \u00bb\u00bb Following this agreement, any acquisition of a new nationality (by naturalization or other means) of one of the contracting states by a citizen of another Contracting State had in principle, excluding exceptions, leading to the automatic abandonment of nationality of origin. Certain exceptions could be admitted, at the request of the States (for example in the case of “the declaration subscribed by the woman in order to acquire the nationality of the husband at the time and by the effect of the marriage”, provided for in the appendix ; provision which can reasonably be thought of to be aimed at protecting women from any de facto or law of marriage and thus allow them to reside again in their country of origin in the event of prior expatriation). A certain number of states of the Convention, however, have signed an interpretation agreement in 2007 allowing them to “denounce Chapter I of the Convention at any time”. This is what Belgium did in 2007 and France in 2009: from then on, since the 5 mars 2009 , the voluntary acquisition of the nationality of one of the states parties to this convention by a French national no longer automatically entails the loss of French nationality [ 9 ] . The states having signed this agreement therefore opening up of larger possibilities of dual nationality if they decide to denounce this part of the Convention are: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, the Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. In Europe, and especially in France, most binationals are “Original” , by the blood of their ascendants and by history [ ten ] . According to the National Institute of Demographic Studies (INED), binationals represent, in 2008, 3.3 million people, or 5% of the population of mainland France aged 18 to 50, of which 90% are immigrants or descendants immigrants. Almost half of immigrants who acquired French nationality have retained their nationality of origin. Binationals are very rare in people from Southeast Asia (less than 10%), while more than two-thirds of Maghreb immigrants, 55% of Turkey immigrants and 43% of those in Portugal combine nationality French and that of their country of origin. Unlike immigrants of Italian or Spanish origin, people from other European Union countries have mainly used dual nationality when they become French [ 11 ] . A certain number of French people of Moroccan origin, particularly those who have taken a certain distance from certain constraints of the lifestyle of the country of origin, have Moroccan nationality without their knowledge and discover only in the event of a visit to parents that they have Moroccan nationality and are legally required to renew their identity papers with a consulate in Morocco. Thus, a Frenchman of Moroccan origin cannot obtain a residence permit as part of a mission (for example a detached French official) or a work in Morocco. This country requires them indeed a nationality which prohibits delivering a residence permit and gives local authorities a right of way on the legality of a union (case of the marriage of a national with a non-Muslim, Any non -Jewish Moroccan being supposedly Muslim and bound to be [Ref. necessary] ) or the compliance of the children’s first names. The French staying in this country (including many French retirees) are therefore subject to a different right depending on whether or not of Moroccan origin. It should be noted that, unlike a received idea, individuals born with two nationalities (in almost all cases, children from Algerian-French couples are binationals since the Algerian parent cannot renounce his Algerian nationality, Except by decree published in the Algerian Jo, even by acquiring French nationality, and that this renunciation would not have any collective effect on children who remain Algerians in view of the Algerian law [ twelfth ] ), whether or not they are aware of their “Binationality” , very often cannot give it up anyway, such as Franco-Algerians or Franco-Tunisians by birth. Thus, the Algerian Code of Nationality does not allow individuals born with at least two nationalities, including the Algerian to renounce the latter. An individual born Algerian and French, who has therefore not completed a voluntary approach to acquire French nationality, does not fall within the framework of article 18 on the loss of the nationality of the Code of Algerian nationality. The choice could be at the limit to the detriment of French nationality, since repudiation is possible on the French side. Tunisian law is even more restrictive and does not provide for any mechanism for deliberately renunciation of nationality. Only Morocco is the theory of Moroccans born in theory “Binationals” to lose their nationality if, “Having an original foreign nationality” , they are allowed there ” by decree ” (article 19 of the nationality code) [ 13 ] . Azerbaijan [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Azerbaijan does not recognize double citizenship. A Azerbaijani citizen who acquires foreign citizenship automatically loses Azerbaijani citizenship. However, he can recover the Azerbaijani citizenship by submitting a request to the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan who has the exclusive decision powers in such a case [ 14 ] , [ 15 ] . People’s Republic of China [ modifier | Modifier and code ] China does not recognize double citizenship. According to the law of nationality of the People’s Republic of China, a Chinese citizen who acquires foreign citizenship automatically loses Chinese citizenship. Georgia [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Georgians do not have the right to have both Georgian nationality and foreign nationality [ Ref. desired] . Principality of Andorra [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Andorrans do not have the right to have both Andorrane nationality and foreign nationality. It is compulsory to renounce the nationality of origin within 5 years. Democratic Republic of Congo [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Article 10 of the Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Congo (“Congo-Kinshasa”) of February 2006 provides that \u201cCongolese nationality is one and exclusive. It cannot be concurrently owned with any other \u201d . The article first is of the 2004 law relating to Congolese nationality was already clear: \u201cCongolese nationality is one and exclusive. It cannot be concurrently owned with another nationality. \u00bb\u00bb [ 16 ] . These provisions were introduced at the time of the Mobutist regime, the law of June 29, 1981 on Zairian nationality provided that \u201cZairian nationality is one and exclusive. This principle is asserted in article 11 of the Constitution. It is therefore not permissible to hold Zaire nationality concurrently with any other nationality. \u00bb\u00bb [ 17 ] . The People’s Republic of Congo (Congo-Brazzaville), whose citizens are also called Congolese (which can create some confusion with Congo-Kinshasa), authorizes dual nationality (article 19 of the Constitution). Japan [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Under the Japanese law, adults cannot have Japanese and foreign citizenship at the same time. It is nevertheless tolerated in the case of children born of two parents of different nationality until the civil majority at 20 years old. The young adult will then have to get rid of one of his two nationalities within 2 years [ 18 ] . Germany [ modifier | Modifier and code ] A law of June 2014 Allows all Germans of foreign origin to obtain dual nationality. Until now, a young person born to foreign parents had, at 23, to choose between keeping their original passport or exchanging it for a German. He can now obtain two passports, if he has lived eight years in the country, or has studied at least six years. The German law on nationality, modified in 2000, recognized double citizenship only in exceptional cases, such as those opened by adoption, or those concerning nationals of the countries of the European Union and Switzerland [ 19 ] , this in reference to the 1913 nationality law, in particular: Concerning the adoption of a German by a foreigner: According to article 27, “A German loses its nationality when it is adopted by a foreigner and the adoption, valid according to German, confers the nationality of the adopter. \u00bb\u00bb Concerning the adoption of a foreigner by a German: according to article 6, “The adoption valid according to German law and pronounced for the benefit of a German adopter confers German nationality to the child who, at the time of the adoption request, has not yet revolted. The acquisition of nationality extends to the child’s descendants. \u00bb\u00bb Basically, it is necessary to renounce his current nationality to claim German. However, there is an exception concerning nationals of the countries of the European Union and Switzerland, which can maintain their nationality. In other cases, dual nationality can only be granted if it is impossible to drop a person from the current or when the conditions can only be met with great difficulty [ 20 ] . Cameroon [ modifier | Modifier and code ] In Cameroon, law n O 1968-LF-3 of June 11, 1968 [ 21 ] , relating to the nationality code, arranges, chapter IV, article 31 that “Loses Cameroonian nationality (…) The major Cameroonian who voluntarily acquires or retains a foreign nationality” , however this provision does not apply to Cameroonian women who marry a foreign spouse [ 22 ] . The reintegration of Cameroonian nationality (for example through restoration) must be sanctioned by decree [ 23 ] . Despite this ban, a certain number of Cameroonian personalities have a second passport (Richard Bona, Prince Eyango, Samuel Eto\u2019o, Roger Milla, etc. ) [ 24 ] . In The principle of dual nationality in Cameroon , Eric Essono Tsimi considers that this question being settled by the Constitution or served by constant case law makes the position of Cameroon uncertain. The vague terms to find this loss, the specific regime of women, the brevity of this law of a page, make Cameroon a state without real code of nationality. Ethiopia [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Ethiopian legislation explicitly provides for the loss of nationality of an Ethiopian national who takes another nationality. However, the constitution of the country [ 25 ] Providing in his article 6 that the child of an Ethiopian is of Ethiopian nationality, the people who acquire by their birth another nationality (either that it takes place in a country which applies a right of the soil, or that the Another parent also transmits their nationality) can be binational. Madagascar [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Article 42 Title 3 Chapter 1 of the order N O 60 – 064 of July 22, 1960 “Loses Malagasy nationality, the major Malagasy which voluntarily acquires a foreign nationality” [ 26 ] is not rigorously applied. It is estimated in particular at around 12,000 to 13,000 the number of Malagasy residents in Madagascar and which have dual French and Malagasy nationality, the number of people benefiting from dual nationality and residents in France is unknown but could approach 50,000 [ 27 ] . Norway [ modifier | Modifier and code ] In Norway, dual nationality is normally prohibited [ 28 ] : Except in the case of the birth of a child whose parent has another nationality; Except in the event that a Norwegian acquires another nationality by marrying a foreigner whose country provides for automatic dual nationality. However, the Norwegian migration office (UDI) has published the October 13, 2017 An article indicating dual nationality will be authorized in Norway in the future. The storting indicated that the authorization will be introduced from the first is January 2020 . Norwegians who have lost their nationality will also be able to recover it, even if they live abroad. As long as no date has been set, the current system remains in force. The information provided by the UDI (see reference) can also be changed over time [ 29 ] . On the other hand, this law does not change the right to the UDI to falter a Norwegian citizen born outside the country Who has not lived at least two years in Norway or 7 years in a member country of the Nordic Council before its 22 years, provided that it has one or more other nationalities. Ukraine [ modifier | Modifier and code ] According to the Constitution of Ukraine, Ukraine recognizes a single citizenship. Ukrainian citizens who obtain a foreign nationality do not lose their Ukrainian nationality automatically, this loss being the subject of an approach and\/or a decree of the president. On the contrary, for foreign citizens, it is compulsory to abandon foreign nationality before the acquisition of Ukrainian nationality or within one year later, according to the treaties signed with the country of origin of the national [ 30 ] . In practice, losses of nationality are very rare and no sanction is provided for the detention of a multiple nationality. On the national territory, Ukrainian bipatrides, regardless of their nationality of origin, are only considered as Ukrainian citizens [ thirty first ] . Several bills had been created in the past with the aim of eliminating legal vagueness around the multiple nationality in Ukraine (some of which are absolutely prohibiting it as that proposed by Petro Poroshenko in 2017 [ 32 ] ), but none had been validated. The draft bill in 2021 aims to allow citizens to declare their other nationalities, authorize dual nationality with the countries of the European Union and explicitly prohibit it with Russia [ 33 ] . Control on the presence of foreign nationalities among members of the government would also be doomed to be strengthened [ 34 ] . Total prohibition in the past, currently deleted [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Belgium [ modifier | Modifier and code ] From the entry into force of the “Gol law” of 1984 and until the modification of 2008, the Belgian who voluntarily acquired another nationality lost the Belgian. In 2007, Belgium denounced the Strasbourg Convention of the Council of Europe of the May 6, 1963 that she had ratified in 1991 and Belgian legislation was modified in 2008 [ 35 ] . Since then, a Belgian can therefore have dual nationality or even several nationalities [ 36 ] . This modification has no retroactive effect, the Belgian having lost his nationality does not automatically recover Belgian nationality and must go through a reintegration procedure by legal means. Bolivia [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Article 39 of the Bolivian Constitution of 1967 specified that ‘ Bolivian nationality is lost by acquiring foreign nationality, enough to recover it domicile in Bolivia except those who are charged to the plural nationality regime by virtue of agreements that are signed in this regard. \u00bb [ 37 ] ( “Bolivian nationality is lost by acquiring another nationality, sufficient, to recover it, to live in Bolivia, except for those who adopt the dual nationality of a country with bilateral agreements with Bolivia” ). In 2002, this article was modified to allow Bolivians from abroad to acquire the nationality of their country of residence: ‘ Bolivian nationality is not lost by acquiring foreign nationality. Who acquires Bolivian nationality will not be obliged to give up their nationality of origin \u00bb [ 38 ] . \u201cBolivian nationality is not lost by acquiring a foreign nationality. The one who acquires Bolivian nationality will not be forced to renounce his nationality of origin. \u00bb\u00bb  Fiji [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Long prohibited, dual nationality for nationals of Fiji has been authorized since a 2009 decree ( Citizenship of Fiji Decree ). People obtaining another nationality are no longer required to renounce their Fijian nationality. And people who had to give it up for this reason in the past can now regain their Fijian nationality without losing their second nationality. The government indicates “two main objectives” for this measure: encourage expatriates to return to invest in Fiji, and, on the human level, invite in particular elderly expatriates to return to retire to Fiji in full enjoyment of their rights [ 39 ] . Haiti [ modifier | Modifier and code ] On other Wikimedia projects: Article 15 of the Haitian Constitution specifies that “Double Haitian and foreign nationality is admitted in any case” [ 40 ] . But recently, a amended version of the 1987 Constitution was promulgated by President Michel Martelly allowing Haitians living in the diaspora as citizens to remain citizens of Haiti. Adopted in 1987, the Constitution had been amended and published in May 2011, shortly before the entrance to President Martelly, but the document was reviewed and corrected “in concert with other powers, legislative and judicial due to many” material errors \u00bbDiscovered in the text [ 41 ] . \u00bb Taiwan [ modifier | Modifier and code ] In Taiwan, an amendment to the nationality law adopted in December 2016 by Taiwanese deputies authorized dual nationality to foreigners according to strict criteria: the candidate must have resided on the island for at least 5 years, as well as having ‘Expertise in certain fields (science and technology, economics, education, arts and cultures, sports, others) [ 42 ] regulated by clauses in the local Official Journal [ 43 ] . The sectors concerned are thus sectors where the country lacks talent (tourism, renewable energies, financial services). However, nationals of the Chinese continent (Macao and Hong Kong included) are not affected by this measure; Their status being settled by the “law governing relations between the populations of the Taiwan region and the continent region” [ 42 ] . Partial tolerance in the past, currently deleted [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Denmark [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Danish law prohibited dual nationality to its citizens, unless a citizen acquired another nationality involuntarily, for example, a child, one of the parents to a nationality that were transmitted at birth, or during a marriage where one of the spouses receives nationality automatically. Denmark recognizes dual nationality since September 15, 2015 . However, a citizen born outside of Denmark, or having never resided in his country loses his nationality automatically at the age of 22, unless a request for conservation was made at the Embassy of the country of birth. The forfeiture does not apply if it would have the effect of making citizen stateless. Sweden [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Sweden authorized its citizens to have dual nationality in the same way as its neighbors, Norway and Denmark. This partial ban has been deleted the first is July 2001 . However, as for the Danes, if a Swedish born outside the country has never lived in Sweden or has never made regular visits showing his membership in the country, loses his nationality at the age of 22, unless A request was filed at the Embassy of the Pays of Birth. The forfeiture does not apply if it would have the effect of making it stateless. Prohibition limited to certain functions [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Several countries prohibit political representatives from having another nationality than that of the country where this mandate is exercised, notably Australia, Bulgaria, Dominique, Jamaica, Kyrgyzstan and Taiwan. The case of Dominique, Jamaica and some other former British colonies of the Antilles is however particular, insofar as the nationality of another country of the Commonwealth is not considered as an obstacle to the exercise of a political mandate [ 44 ] . Without it being strictly prohibited, it seems that the function of governor general of Canada is incompatible with dual nationality, Micha\u00eblle Jean having renounced her French nationality to access this function [ 45 ] , [ forty six ] . Australia [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Paragraph (i) in section 44 of the Australian Constitution specifies that “Anyone who is subject to any recognition of allegiance, obedience or membership of a foreign power, or is a subject or a citizen or having the right to the rights or privileges of a subject or a citizen of A foreign power (\u2026) will be unable to be chosen or sit as a senator or member of the House of Representatives \u201d . In other words, a national double cannot be a candidate for federal elections [ 44 ] . French law does not oblige a citizen to report to the civil status that he has another nationality. There cannot therefore be official statistics. However and since a law of June 16, 2011 , during its acquisition of French nationality by decision of the public authority or by declaration, the interested party indicates to the competent authority the national or the nationalities he already has, the nationality (s) which he retains in addition to French nationality as well as the nationalities (s) to which he intends to renounce [ 47 ] . No sanction is provided for in the event of a false declaration. In the Netherlands, municipal administrations automatically mention dual nationality, especially at the birth of children. This practice was called into question by parliamentarians from several parties, notably at the end of 2010: “Children of mixed couples are also recorded in the municipal administration as Turks or Moroccans. We would fear for example a reaction from Morocco, for which we are always Moroccan [ 48 ] . \u00bb  \u2191 (in)  ‘ Nationality Laws Around the World \u00bb , on BECOMING TAIWANESE  (consulted the October 9, 2020 )  \u2191 [first]  \u2191 [2]  \u2191 Double nationality, a French tradition , Le Figaro, 07\/09\/2011  \u2191 Be French today and tomorrow – volumes 1 and 2: report submitted to the Prime Minister by the Commission of nationality chaired by Mr. Marceau Longue , La Documentation fran\u00e7aise, 1998, p. 123  \u2191 International Court of Justice, ‘ Nottebohm (Liechtenstein c. Guatemala) \u00bb , on ICJ-CIJ.org  (consulted the December 10, 2020 ) .  \u2191 International Court of Justice, ‘ Nottebohm case (second phase): judgment of April 6, 1955 \u00bb  [PDF]  (consulted the December 10, 2020 ) .  \u2191 Council of Europe, ‘ Convention on the reduction of cases of plurality of nationalities and on military obligations in the event of plurality of nationalities \u00bb , on coe.int , European Treaties Series  (consulted the December 10, 2020 ) .  \u2191 Strasbourg convention of May 6, 1963 , Consulate General of France  \u2191 Delphine Perrin, Multinationality in the Western Mediterranean: policies, practices and lived , Institute of Research and Studies on the Arab and Muslim world, 2017, p. 4  \u2191 Double nationality and national identity , INED, 2012  \u2191 Alcide Darras ,? Albert Geouffre de Lapradelle, Jean Paulin Niboyet, Critical review of private international law , Bookstore of the Sirey collection, 1991, volume 80, p. 5  \u2191 Binationality: the impossible renunciation , Liberation, by Valentin Graff, February 29, 2016  \u2191 Azerbaijan: Information on the recognition of double citizenship (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees)  \u2191 Citizenship Act of the Republic of Azerbaijan: in English Citizenship Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Council of Europe) and in Az\u00e9ri: About the citizenship of the Republic of Azerbaijan (Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Azerbaijan)  \u2191 Law No. 04\/024 of 12 November 2004 relating to Congolese nationality  \u2191 Law No. 1981\/002 of June 29, 1981 on Zairian nationality  \u2191 (in)  ‘ Court rules in favor of Japan’s ban on dual nationality \u00bb , on Kyodo News , January 21, 2021 (consulted the May 22, 2021 ) : ‘ The law requires those who acquired dual nationalities under 20 years old to choose one by age 22, and those who obtained them at age 20 or older to select one within two years. \u00bb  \u2191 The cumulation of nationalities – Germany , accessed November 24, 2013.  \u2191 – naturalization\/ acquisition of German nationality , accessed November 24, 2013.  \u2191 Escape Esima, The principle of dual nationality in Cameroon , Paris, L’Harmattan, 2012 , 82 p.  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