Eduard von Toll — Wikipedia

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Eduard Gustav (Vassiliévitch) of great

Portrait de Eduard Gustav from great

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The Schooner Zaria In 1910

Baron Eduard Gustav von great (in Russian : Eduard Vasilievich Toll , Edouard Vassilievitch toll; Né le 14 mars 1858 In Reval – died in 1902) is a German -Baltic geologist and explorer, subject of the Russian Empire who explored the Russian Arctic. It comes from a noble family of German origin of the Baltic and it is often designated in the writings under the name of Baron von Toll or Edouard v. Toll.

Edouard von Toll is the son of Baron Arndt Wilhelm Gustav von Toll (1800-1863) and his wife, née Auguste Marie Aquiland (1831-1912).
As part of the studies he follows at the University of Dorpat, Toll undertakes an expedition to the Mediterranean and North Africa. He studies the fauna, flora and geology of Algeria and Balearic there.

After completing his zoology thesis in 1882, Toll participated in an polar expedition organized by the Academy of Sciences in Russia and led by Alexander von Bunge (1885-86). This expedition takes him to the islands of New Siberia. During this expedition, he explores the Big Island Liakhov, Kotelny Island and the west coast of the island of New Siberia. During the expedition, in 1886, Toll believed to see unknown lands north of Kotelny. He is convinced that it is the land of Sannikov, an island seen by Iakov Sannikov and Matveinstrom in 1808-1810 and whose existence had never been proven.

In 1893, the Russian Academy of Sciences in charge Toll to lead an expedition to northern Iakutia. There he explores the lower lesson of the Lena and the Khatanga. Toll is the first scientist, which maps the plateau between the Anabar and Popigai rivers as well as a mountain range between the Oleniook rivers and Anabar, which bore the name of the Russian explorer Vassili Prontchichtchev. He also carried out geological studies of the Iana, Kolyma and Indiguirka rivers basins. In one year the expedition covers 25,000 km, including 4,200 km on rivers, while carrying out geodesic studies. Due to the difficulties of the expedition and the amount of work carried out, the Academy of Sciences of Russia awards Toll the great silver medal of N.M. Projevalski.

Then Toll turns north again and resumes his expeditions to the islands of New Siberia. He carried out paleontological studies there and discovered the remains of mammoths dating from the ice period.

In 1899, Toll took part in the Stepan Makarov Spitzberg expedition on board the icebreaker Yermak .

In 1900, he left for the Schooner Zaria in arctic waters. The purpose of the expedition is to prove the existence of the land of Sannikov ” ^{[ first ]} . During the wintering on the Taimyr peninsula and on the west coast of Kotelny, Toll engages in hydrographic, geographic and geological studies.

Shipping is forced to winter a second year due to poor weather conditions. Toll then went to Bennett Island in kayak and sled with three other members of the expedition. When the Zaria Terks to reach Bennett Island to evacuate Toll and his companions, he will be unable to reach him because of the ice. Apparently, for lack of help, Toll decided to set sail to the south to reach the continent with his companions. The traces of the four men are then lost. A rescue shipment, led by Alexandre Koltchak, could only find the logbook and the scientific collections of the expedition of the Zaria , which allowed to reconstruct the circumstances of the disappearance of Toll and his companions.

Toll was given to a mountain in New Zemas and Bennett Island, as well as a bay of the Taimyr peninsula and a CAP of Tsirkoul Island (циркуль). A tray on Kotelny island also bears his name.

In certain fields, such as that of paleontology, geology and botany, many specimens of fauna and flora received a name inspired by that of Baron Edouard von Toll, like Foraminifera Dendrophyra removed (Awerinzew, 1911).

Baron Toll was an expert in the paleontology of Siberia. The following remarks of the Russian academician v.a. Obrouchev are well known: “We can meet the name Edouard V. Toll in all our works of physical geography as the founder of the theory of the formation of fossil ice – a theory that has become a classic ”.

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