Élie Bloncourt – Wikipedia

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Élie Bloncourt , born the in Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe) and died on in the reason [ first ] , is a French politician and resistant.

Student student, Elie Bloncourt obtained his baccalaureate in 1913 at the Lycée Carnot in Pointe-à-Pitre but had to stop his studies on the death of his mother, who raised him alone with his five brothers and sisters. Elie Bloncourt is a little-nephew of Melvil-Bloncourt, communard and deputy of Guadeloupe from 1871 to 1874. His brother, Max, dit Max Clainville or Max Clainville-Bloncourt, communist activist, lawyer, active in the League of Rights of The man, will be a collaborator and close friend of Ho-chi-minh, the two sons of their third brother, born in Haiti, will also be activists: Gérald Bloncourt, painter and photographer, will be politician of the photo service of Humanity ; Tony Bloncourt, resistant within “youth battalions”, will be shot in Mont-Valérien in .

He was mobilized in 1915, following the laws on colonial conscription (he is Métis [ 2 ] ), and fights in the Dardanelles, in Salonica and in Ottoman Macedonia. He took advantage of a permission to marry Guadeloupe in 1917 but left for the Verdun region without waiting for the birth of his son. He then fights in the department of Aisne, within the merchant division. Injured in the face in , he definitively lost his sight and he is left for dead on the battlefield, ending the war in a German hospital.

Professional and political life in the interwar period [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Returned to civil life, he settled in mainland France with his wife and his son, learned Braille and Dactylography and enrolled in the Sorbonne where he obtained a license in philosophy in 1921. Become a professor, he moved to La Fère, between Laon and Saint-Quentin. From 1934, he represented his adopted canton at the Laon district council and the General Council of Aisne, then was elected deputy for the legislative elections of 1936.

Absent from the National Assembly, during the vote of full power to Marshal Pétain in 1940, he quickly joined the resistance and became president of the SFIO for the occupied area. It contributes to the establishment of the Liberation-Nord group, of which he is one of the first officials for the Department of Aisne. He then organized the Brutus network responsible for monitoring the movements of the Wehrmacht. In 1944, the National Council for the Resistance designated him to direct the Aisne Liberation Committee. During the Liberation of Paris, he took over the offices on Oudinot Street on behalf of the provisional government of the French Republic, then, in Laon, officially took possession of the prefecture Le Prefecture .

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Political activism after the liberation [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

After the Liberation, Élie Bloncourt resumes his functions as a professor of philosophy at the Charlemagne high school. Re-elected deputy for the Aisne in 1945 alongside his friend Jean Pierre-Bloch, he signed at the Overseas Territorial Committee. Like his brother Max Clainville-Bloncourt [ 3 ] , Élie Bloncourt claims uncompromising socialism. Disappointed with the evolution of the SFIO, he is hostile to the moderate trends of Léon Blum and Daniel Mayer. In 1947, dissatisfied with the social-communist rupture, he did not stand for elections and left the party. He then founded the MSUD (unitary and democratic socialist movement which will later become the unitary socialist party) and published The socialist battle . In 1950, he joined the progressive union and belonged to the executive commission of this party [ 4 ] . He joined in 1955 to the Union of the Socialist Left, which brings together left Christians, Trotskyists and former communists, but left this movement when he participated in the foundation of the Unified Socialist Party in 1958. In 1971, At the age of 75, he finally joined the new Socialist Party overwhelmed by François Mitterrand at the Épinay Congress.

In 1968, he witnessed the trial of the eighteen Guadeloupe nationalists referred to the State Court of the State following the violent clashes of clashes .

  • “Élie Bloncourt”, in the Dictionary of French parliamentarians (1889-1940) , under the direction of Jean Jolly, PUF, 1960 [Edition detail]
  • Eric Nadaud, “Elie Bloncourt”, in Claude pennetier (you.), Biographical Dictionary Movement Workers Social Movement , Period 1940-1968, volume 2, Bel-Buy, Les Éditions de l’Atelier, 2006.
  • Eric Nadaud, “Élie Bloncourt (1896-1978), a figure of unitary left socialism”, Revue Parliament (s) , october- , p. 120-131 .
  • Dominique Chathuant, “Élie Bloncourt, deputy for Aisne”, in J. Corzani (dir), Dictionary Encyclopédique Antilles-Guyana , Désormeaux, Fort-de-France, 1992-1998
  • National Assembly, ‘ Elie Bloncourt » , on Assemblee-NATIONALE.FR , National Assembly, SD (consulted the )
  1. ↑ ‘ Viewer – Paris Archives » , on Archives.paris.fr (consulted the )
  2. ↑ Dominique Chathuant, “The emergence of a black political elite in France of the first 20 It is century ? »» , Twentieth century. History review , 2009/1 ( n O 101), p. 133-147 .
  3. ↑ Cf. : ORUNO D. Lara , Mortenol or the misfortunes of servitude, p. 518: XIX It is – XX It is century: 1850-1950 , Paris, Editions l’Harmattan, ( read online ) . (BNF  37693776 )
  4. ↑ Éric Nadaud, ” Élie Bloncourt (1896-1978), a figure of unitary left socialism », Parliament (s): political history review , n O 12, , p. 118-131 ( read online , consulted the ) .

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