Group of Six (Music) – Wikipedia

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The Group of Six , also named The six , is a group of composers bringing together, between 1916 and 1923: Georges Auric (1899-1983), Louis Durey (1888-1979), Arthur Honegger (1892-1955), Darius Milhaud (1892-1974), Francis Poulenc (1899- 1963), and Germaine Tailleferre (1892-1983).

Their neoclassical music reacted essentially against impressionism and Wagnerism. They were very influenced by the ideas of Erik Satie and Jean Cocteau. Although they wrote collectively, everyone has kept their personal style because of the very nature of the works (movements or separate pieces).

The group is constituted, according to Jean Cocteau, around 1916 [ first ] . Just out of the conservatory, they got into the habit during the war to come together on Saturday, most often at Darius Milhaud, around Jean Cocteau. After the war, the meetings continue with the reinforcement of a few other artists, the pianists Marcelle Meyer and Juliette Meerovitch, the Russian singer Koubitsky, the painters Émile Lejeune, Marie Laurencin, Irene Lagut and Valentine Gross, the writers Lucien Daudet and Raymond Radiguet [ 2 ] .

Their name is given to them by the critic and composer Henri Collet who had invited himself, in reference to the group of five, in two articles published in the review Comœdia THE And [ 3 ] titles A book by Rimsky and a Cocteau book – the five Russians, the six French and Erik Satie [ 4 ] And The French “Six”: Darius Milhaud, Louis Durey, Georges Auric, Arthur Honegger, Francis Poulenc and Germaine Tailleferre [ 5 ] . Musicians regularly perform together until Belgium [ 3 ] .

In 1921, a certain notoriety ended up weighing on the group now gathered at Beef on the roof And Louis Durey separates from it. The young American composer Virgil Thomson was a regular Beef on the rooftop In the 1920’s [ 6 ] , [ 7 ] . His musical compositions were influenced by members of the group of six in the following years [ 8 ] , [ 9 ] .

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The death of the writer Raymond Radiguet at the age of 20 years put an end to the “Saturdays” meetings in 1923 [ ten ] .

The group of six created only two collective works, a collection for the piano Six album , and a ballet, The bride and groom of the Eiffel Tower :

  • Six album For piano (1920):
    • Prelude (Auric),
    • Romance without words (Duray),
    • Saraband pour piano (Honegger),
    • Mazurka (Milhaud),
    • False (Poulenc),
    • Pastoral (Tailleferre);
  • The bride and groom of the Eiffel Tower , Collective work on a text by Jean Cocteau, music by Georges Auric, Arthur Honegger, Francis Poulenc, Darius Milhaud and Germaine Tailleferre, created the At the Théâtre des Champs-Élysées [ 11 ] :
    • Opening “July 14” (Auric),
    • Nuptial (Milhaud),
    • General speech (Poulenc),
    • The Baigneuse de Trouville (Poulenc),
    • Fugue du Massacre (Milhaud),
    • Disposting waltz (Tailleferre),
    • Funeral on the general’s death (Honegger),
    • Quadrille (Milhaud),
    • Three refragers (Auric),
    • Honeymoon (Milhaud).

Some other non -collective compositions of the six:

  • Five trifle (Auric) ;
  • Sonata for cello and piano (Poulenc) ;
  • Scaramouche (Milhaud) ;
  • Sonata for violin alone (Honegger) ;
  • Suite burlesque (Tailleferre).
  • Éveline Hurard-Viltard, The group of six or the morning of a party day, Merits clinges juice, 1988
  • Jean Roy, The group of six , Le Seuil, “Solfeges”, 1994
  • Michel Faure, Neoclassicism in France of the first XX It is century , Clinquecks, 1997
  • Pierre Brévignon, The group of six , A story of the Roaring Twenties , South acts, 2020
  1. ↑ Catherine Miller, Jean Cocteau, Guillaume Apollinaire, Paul Claudel and the group of Six: Poetic-Musical Meetings around melodies and songs , Sprimont, Mardaga, coll. “Music, musicology”, , 284 p. (ISBN  978-2-87009-852-3 ) .
  2. ↑ Darius Milhaud, NOTES WITHOUT MUSIC , Paris, Juillard, , p. 112 .
  3. ↑ a et b E. Hurard Viltard, Jean Cocteau and music through The rooster is the arlequin in Review of the University of Brussels , p. 97, University of Brussels, Brussels, second quarter of 1989.
  4. ↑ To read online On Gallica
  5. ↑ To read online On Gallica
  6. ↑ (in) Virgil Thomson Virgil Thomson. Library of America & Penguin Random House. New York. 2016 p. 135-136 Virgil Thomson and the beef on the roof on books.google.com (ISBN  978-1-59853-476-4 )
  7. ↑ (in) The Rest is Noise – Listening to the twentieth Century Alex Ross. Picador, New York 2007 p. 110 Virgil Thomas describes the beef on the roof on books.google.com (ISBN  978-0-312-42771-9 )
  8. ↑ (in) Encyclopedia of Music in the 20th Century Editors – Lee Stacey & Lol Henderson. Routledge, New York 2013 p. 631 Virgil Thomson la biographie sur books.google
  9. ↑ (in) British Encyclopedia Virgil Thomson Biography on www.britannica.com
  10. ↑ E. Hurard Viltard, Jean Cocteau and music through The rooster is the arlequin in Review of the University of Brussels , p. 99, University of Brussels, Brussels, 2 It is quarter 1989.
  11. ↑ Catherine Miller, Jean Cocteau, Guillaume Apollinaire, Paul Claudel and the group of Six: Poetic-Musical Meetings around melodies and songs , Sprimont (Belgium), Mardaga editions, (ISBN  978-2-87009-852-3 , read online ) , p. 161-163

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