[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/heart-surgery-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/heart-surgery-wikipedia\/","headline":"Heart surgery – Wikipedia","name":"Heart surgery – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 A wikipedia article, free l’encyclop\u00e9i. Cardiac surgery operation. after-content-x4 The heart surgery or cardiovascular surgery is a surgical specialty","datePublished":"2021-05-27","dateModified":"2021-05-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/74\/Cardio_surgery_2.jpg\/220px-Cardio_surgery_2.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/74\/Cardio_surgery_2.jpg\/220px-Cardio_surgery_2.jpg","height":"144","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/heart-surgery-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2699,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4A wikipedia article, free l’encyclop\u00e9i.  Cardiac surgery operation.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The heart surgery or cardiovascular surgery is a surgical specialty dealing with the affections of the heart and large chest vessels.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Originally, this specialty required the implementation of an extra-corporeal circulation (CEC): the heart having to be stopped to be immobilized during the intervention, the infusion of the tissues was maintained during the duration of the operation by an artificial pump . This is no longer necessary for some [ first ] Interventions on the coronary arteries. The surgeon of this specialty is called heart surgeon or cardiovascular surgeon.  Table of ContentsSurgical techniques to achieve the heart [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Coronary [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Heart valve [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Congenital Heart [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Heart failure surgery [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Thoracic aorte surgery [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Pericardium [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Rhythm disturbance surgery [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Divers [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ] external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Surgical techniques to achieve the heart [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The heart being protected by the rib cage, it is actually located just below the sternum. To reach it and operate, the surgeon must conventionally practice a median sternotomy. The rib cage is therefore open, then closed at the end of the intervention.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Mini-invasive cardiac surgery (without total sternotomy) allows since its appearance in the 2000s to introduce instruments into the chest via an incision under the right breast or by a partial sternotomy (only part of the sternum is open). These new methods require only a limited opening of the mediastin and lead to better recovery from the patient and the decrease in post-operative pain [ 2 ] . Coronary [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Coronary puncture in the event of the narrowing of a coronary artery. This intervention, even if it retains specific indications, is strongly competed with angioplasty techniques, carried out by the cardiologist. Heart valve [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Valvular replacement with a prosthesis, either in synthetic material (mechanical valve), or in biological material (for example bioprosthesis). Valvular plasty: the surgeon then repairs the valve without changing it. Congenital Heart [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Repairs can be complete or partial and are done earlier and earlier. This is a “specialization” of cardiac surgery. Heart failure surgery [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Many corrective interventions have been proposed with various efficiency. Currently it is essentially: Thoracic aorte surgery [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Replacement of all or part of the aorta, with possibly reimplantation of coronaries. The abdominal aorta traditionally remains the spring of the vascular surgeon and not the heart surgeon. Pericardium [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The drainage of a threatening pericardial effusion can be carried out by a surgeon not specialized in cardiac surgery, even by a cardiologist (percutaneous drainage), because of the risk of rapid evolution towards a cardiac arrest and the relative simplicity of the gesture. The use of a specialized surgeon, however, has two advantages: the realization of a pericardial sample to make a more precise diagnosis of effusion and the possibility of carrying out a window between pericardium and pleura or between pericardium and peritoneum allowing much easier drainage In the event of a recurrence. In cases of constrictive pericarditis, one may have to remove almost all of the pericardium. Rhythm disturbance surgery [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Again, cardiac surgery is greatly competed by interventional electrophysiology techniques, the surgeon intervening only in very rare cases. It is also noted that the installation of a simple cardiac stimulator or an implantable automatic defibrillator is done by a cardiologist and not by a heart surgeon, with exceptions. Divers [ modifier | Modifier and code ] It is not negligible and depends on both the type of intervention and the terrain. A number of scores have been developed to take into account several parameters in the calculation of the risk [ 3 ] . One of the oldest is the Parsonnet score, published in 1989 [ 4 ] . That of the Euroscore [ 5 ] has been widely used since 2003, followed by that of Society of Thoracic Surgeons dating from 2008 [ 6 ] . Heart surgery is increasingly benefiting from the use of virtual reality headset [ 7 ] . This technique is already deployed in France in several hospitals and clinics (Les Franciscan Hospital in N\u00eemes, Claude-Bernard-Bernard hospital in Metz, …) [ 8 ] . \u2191 Faisal G. Bakaeen , A. Laurie W. Shroyer , James S. Gammie and Joseph F. Surprisingly \u00ab Trends in use of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: Results from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database \u00bb, The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery , vol. 148, n O 3, September 2014 , p. \u00a0856\u2013853, 864.e1; discussion 863\u2013864 (ISSN\u00a0 1097-685X, PMID\u00a0 25043865, DOI\u00a0 10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2013.12.047, read online , consulted the 1erJune 2018 )  \u2191 ‘ Mini-invasive heart surgery \u00bb , on Associated heart surgeons , July 10, 2014 (consulted the August 6, 2014 )  \u2191 Risk scores in cardiac surgery , Site of the French Cardiology Society  \u2191 (in) Parsonnet V, Dean D, Bernstein AD., ‘ A method of uniform stratification of risk for evaluating the results of surgery in acquired heart disease \u00bb , Circulation , n O 79, 1989 . I3 -I12 (PMID\u00a0 2720942)  \u2191 (in) Roques F, Michel P, Goldstone Ar et al. , ‘ The logistic EuroSCORE \u00bb , Eur Heart J. , n O 24, 2003 , p. 881\u2013882 ( r\u00e9sum\u00e9 )  \u2191 (in) Shahian DM, Edwards FH., ‘ The Society of Thoracic Surgeons 2008 cardiac surgery risk models: introduction \u00bb , Ann Thorac Surg. , n O 88, 2009 , S1 ( read online )  \u2191 ‘ A virtual reality headset used for the first time by surgeons during an operation: “No need to raise your head!” \u00bb , on Franceinfo , May 13 2021 (consulted the June 28, 2022 )  \u2191 ‘ Metz. Heart surgery: a first in the Grand Est in Claude-Bernard \u00bb , on www.republicain-lorrain.fr  (consulted the June 28, 2022 )  On other Wikimedia projects: Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ] external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Risk calculators:       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/heart-surgery-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Heart surgery – Wikipedia"}}]}]