[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/magnetite-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/magnetite-wikipedia\/","headline":"Magnetite – Wikipedia","name":"Magnetite – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Magnetite Category IV : oxides and hydroxides [ first ] Magnetite and Pyrite – Italy General NOM IUPAC Trip","datePublished":"2019-12-27","dateModified":"2019-12-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Magnetite.jpg\/280px-Magnetite.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1d\/Magnetite.jpg\/280px-Magnetite.jpg","height":"185","width":"280"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/magnetite-wikipedia\/","wordCount":5501,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Magnetite Category IV : oxides and hydroxides [ first ]   Magnetite and Pyrite – Italy General NOM IUPAC Trip Tetraoxide Case 1309-38-2 (magnetite) 1317-61-9 (Trip Tetraoxide) Classe de Strunz 4.BB.05        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x44 OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)  4.B Metal:Oxygen = 3:4 and similar  4.bb With only medium-sized cations  4.BB.05 Filipstadite (MN ++, MG) 4SB ++++ FE +++ O8 Space Group pseudo ISO Point Group 2\/m 2\/m 2\/m  4.BB.05 Donathite? (FE ++, mg) (CR, Fe +++) 2o4 Space Group P 4\/nnm Point Group 4\/m 2\/m 2\/m  4.BB.05 Gahnite zna2o4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Galaxite (MN, MG) (Al, Fe +++) 2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Hercynite Fe++Al2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Spinel MgAl2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Cochromite (CO, NI, FE ++) (CR, AL) 2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Chromite Fe++Cr2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Magnesiochromite MgCr2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Manganochromite (Mn,Fe++)(Cr,V)2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Nichromite (Ni, Co, Fe ++) (CR, Fe +++, AL) 2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Zincochromite ZnCr2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Magnetite Fe++Fe+++2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 CUPROSPINEL (cu, mg) Fe +++ 2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Franklinite (Zn,Mn++,Fe++)(Fe+++,Mn+++)2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Jacobsite (Mn++,Fe++,Mg)(Fe+++,Mn+++)2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Magnesioferrite MgFe+++2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Trevorite NiFe+++2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Brunogeierite (Ge++,Fe++)Fe+++2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Coulsonite Fe++V+++2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Magnesiocoulsonite MGV +++ 2o4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Qandilte (MG, Fe ++) 2 (Ti, Fe +++, AL) O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Ulvospinel TiFe++2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m  4.BB.05 Mountain Tite (Mn ++, Fe ++) (V +++, CR +++) 2O4 Space Group F d3m Point Group 4\/m 3 2\/m DANA CLASS 7.2.2.3        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Oxides 7. Multiple oxides 7.2.2\/ Spinella group, iron sub-group 7.2.2.3 Magnetite Fe 2+ Fe 2 3+ O 4 Chemical formula Fe 2+ Fe 2 3+ O 4 Identification Mass form 231.54 One Color Metal, fat, mat. Crystalline class and space group hexakisochtahedral; F d3m Crystalline system cubic Bravais network Faces centered f Macle Macle on {111} by contact Cleavage partial on {111} Break irregular, subconchoidal Habitus Octaedrical crystals Mohs scale 6 Trait noir Glow submetallic Optical properties Fluorescence ultraviolet none Transparency opaque Chemicals Volumic mass 5.2  g\u00a0cm \u22123 To 20 \u00b0C g\/cm 3  Melting temperature 1\u00a0538 \u00b0C Solubility Soluble in hydrochloric acid [ 2 ] Physical properties Magnetism strongly magnetic Radioactivity none Precautions Simdut [ 3 ] Uncontrolled product This product is not controlled according to the CLASSIFICATION CRITY OF SIMDUT.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4SI & CNTP units, unless otherwise indicated. modifier  The magnetite is a mineral species made up of iron oxide (II, III), Formula 3 O 4  (parfois \u00e9crit FeO\u00b7Fe2O3), avec des traces de magn\u00e9sium Mg, de zinc Zn, de mangan\u00e8se Mn, de nickel Ni, de chrome Cr, de titane Ti, de vanadium V et d’aluminium Al. La magn\u00e9tite est un mat\u00e9riau ferrimagn\u00e9tique.Varieties rich in titanium are described as Magnetitites titifers, or more often as Titanomagnetites . Magnetite crystals can be biomineralized, that is to say biosynthesized by certain living species [ 4 ] , which seem to be able to use them to orient themselves in space.  Table of ContentsHistory of the description and names [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Etymology [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Topotype [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Synonymy [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Physical properties [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Cristallochimie [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Crystallography [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Associated gitology and minerals [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Producer deposits of remarkable specimens [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ] external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ] History of the description and names [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Etymology [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Magnetite has been known since at least the Iron Age; The first written mention dates from Pliny the old in 77; It was described by Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger in 1845; Its name derives from German Magnet , word itself derived from Latin Magnes, magnet Magnetic signifier and ultimately deriving from the name of the province of Magnesia, rich in magnetite. Topotype [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Magn\u00e9si, Theresalie (Greece). Synonymy [ modifier | Modifier and code ] loving diamagn\u00e9tite (Shepard 1852) [ 5 ] ferroferrite (le) [ 6 ] magnetic oxidized iron oxidulated iron (Dufrenoy 1845) [ 7 ] Heraclion: magnetite was abundant in Heraclea in Lydia [ 8 ] morpholite magnet stone northern stone Physical properties [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Habitus It forms typically octa\u00e9drical crystals, more rarely dodeca\u00e9cais, exceptionally cubic, which can reach nearly 25 cm [ 9 ] . Magnetism At a temperature of 580 \u00b0C (point of curia), magnetism disappears to reappear then by cooling. The persistence is around 480 Gauss. This mineral is an electrical driver. Cristallochimie [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The Spinelle group Brings together species of similar structure. There are more than 20 species. The generic formula is xy 2 O 4 Where X represents a divalent metal (magnesium, iron, nickel, manganese and\/or zinc) and a trivalent metal (aluminum, iron, chrome and\/or manganese, titanium).  Crystallography [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  Crystal structure of magnetite Associated gitology and minerals [ modifier | Modifier and code ] G\u00eetology It is a common ubiquitous mineral, which is found in many types of rocks. Intrusting rocks: in Diorites and Gabbros, as well as in their volcanic equivalents (Andesite and basalt). Metamorphic rocks: classic mineral in skarns, it is introduced by metasomatosis in limestone rocks. Hydrothermal training: it can be present as a mineral accessory. In alpine slots, it exists in very beautiful samples (in Italy and Switzerland). Sedimentary rocks: magnetite can be found as a heavy element detrital in sediments; Magnetite sand deposits are exploited in northern New Zealand. Deposit of volcanic smoking: Vesuvius and de l’Etna; Its facies can be tree or dendritic. Present in some meteorites. Associated minerals Apatitis, chromite, illemenite, rutile, and silicates in intrusive rocks. Chalcopyrite, hematite pentlandite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and silicates in hydrothermal and metamorphic rocks Hematite, quartz in sedimentary rocks. Producer deposits of remarkable specimens [ modifier | Modifier and code ] It is present in most concentrates of the rock of goldsmiths And can be easily separated using a magnet. It is also found in Austria in green shales where crystals can easily exceed 5 mm edges. Mally formed crystals of 250 kg were found in Faraday, Ontario in Canada and the Pegmatites de Teete in Mozambique. Uses It is one of the main iron ores. Color: primary pigment for the land of shadow and the earth of his. Main component of ferrites powder used for the manufacture of magnets. Dating of lavas flows due to its farm properties, magnetite is useful in paleomagnetism because it records the variations in the orientation of the terrestrial magnetic field. Thanks to magnetite, we were able to determine on close flows that each inversion of the terrestrial dipole there is a transition phase of 1,000 years where the magnetic field can be reversed in 3 days. Biology: According to research carried out by two American biologists, Gould and Kirschvink, the cells of the human being contain magnetite crystals, which could lead to understanding the bioelectromagnetic properties of the human body [ ten ] . It was wrongly believed that the pigeon had magnetite, present in three very distinct places and in different quantities, inside his beak, which would have helped him to go in flight [ 11 ] . These statements were however refuted. [ twelfth ] , [ 13 ] Elimination of arsenic in water [ 14 ] Magnetite is normally present in the form of biomineralized crystals in certain organs in various animal species, where it could play a role in the direction of the orientation [ 15 ] . In humans we have found it in several areas of the brain, including frontal lobes, parietal lobes, occipital and temporal lobes, but also in the cerebral trunk, the cerebellum and the nodes of the base [ 15 ] , [ 16 ] .The iron is there in three forms: hemoglobin (circulating in the blood), ferritin (protein) and in small quantities in the form of magnetite. The areas of the brain involved in the motor function generally contain more iron [ 16 ] , [ 17 ] . The hippocampus (information processing area, learning and memory) also contains [ 16 ] . A hypothesis (biomagnetism), is that, like many animals, the human being has or would have retained a reliclitic meaning [ 18 ] , that some people endowed with a very good sense of orientation would unconsciously use, and this would require the presence of magnetite crystals (reacting to the terrestrial magnetic field) [ 19 ] . The functions of magnetite in the brain are still misunderstood [ 20 ] . Iron is an absolutely vital trace element, but, at dose abnormally high in the brain, magnetite can have neurotoxic effects, at least because of its charged or magnetic nature and its involvement in oxidative stress or the production of free radicals [ 21 ] ; Indeed it has been shown that beta-amyloid plates and tau protein associated with neurodegenerative diseases occur frequently after oxidative stress and iron biomineralization in the brain [ 16 ] . The electron microscope makes it easy to distinguish magnetite crystals, naturally produced and stored by body cells (crystals with complex shapes), magnetite from air pollution (smooth and rounded nanoparticles from the exhaust jars and Combustion\/incineration process that can go back to the brain along the olfactory nerve, increasing the concentration of magnetite in the brain and introducing an abnormal shape of magnetite) [ 16 ] , [ 21 ] .Nanoparticles of inhaled magnetitis could also pass into the blood via the lungs and pass through the hematoencephalic barrier. Autopsies (of children and adults) have shown that, in regions where air is very polluted (Mexico City for example), the human brain could contain a rate of magnetite particles up to approximately 100 times higher than the normal, and associated with neuronal degeneration and more or less serious neurodegenerative diseases depending on the case [ 22 ] . This work led by Professor Barbara Maher (University of Lancaster) concludes that a causal link (plausible, but to confirm with Alzheimer’s disease) because in the laboratory studies suggest that Iron oxides magnetite are a component of abnormal protein plates that form Alzheimer’s diseases in the brain [ 23 ] . Abnormal iron rates (magnetic iron in particular) have been measured in certain areas of the brain of patients victims of Alzheimer’s disease [ 24 ] . Monitoring these rates could be an indicator of loss of neurons and the development of certain neurodegenerative diseases, even before the appearance of symptoms [ 25 ] , [ 24 ] (due to the relationship between magnetite and ferritin) [ 16 ] .In fabrics, magnetite and ferritin can create small magnetic fields interacting with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by creating a contrast on the image [ 24 ] . Huntington’s disease has never been associated with an increased level of magnetite, but high levels have been found in the animal model (laboratory mouse) [ 16 ] . \u2191 The classification of the minerals chosen is that of Strunz, with the exception of the polymorphs of the silica, which are classified among the silicates.  \u2191 (in) Thomas R. Dulski, A manual for the chemical analysis of metals , vol. \u00a025, ASTM International, 1996 , 251 p.  (ISBN\u00a0 0-8031-2066-4 , read online ) , p. 71  \u2191 ‘ Black iron oxide \u00bbIn the chemical product database Reptox of the CSST (Quebec organization responsible for occupational safety and health), consulted on April 24, 2009  \u2191 Lownstam HA (1962) Magnetite in denticle capping in recent chitons (Polyplacophora) . Bull. Geol. Soc. Am. 13 , 435-438  \u2191 Shepard (1852), American Journal of Science : 13: 392.  \u2191 International conferences of the National Research Center , Number 27 by National Center for Scientific Research (France) p. 80 1950  \u2191 Treaty of Mineralogy, Volume 2 by bear Pierre Armand Petit Dufrenoy p. 462 1845  \u2191 Encyclopedia, or reasoned dictionary of science, arts , Volume 17 by Denis Diderot, Jean Le Rond d’Alembert p. 279 1778  \u2191 The Handbook of Mineralogy Volume IV, 2000 Mineralogical Society of America by Kenneth W. Bladh, Richard A. Bideaux, Elizabeth Anthony-Morton and Barbara G. Nichols  \u2191 Kirschvink, J.L. and Gould, J.L., “Biogenic magnetite as a basis for magnetic field sensitivity in animals ,” Bio Systems 13 (1981) 181-201.  \u2191 Marianne Hanzlik, Christoph Heunemann, Elke Holtkamp-R\u00f6tzler, Michael Winklhofer, Nikolai Petersen and Gerta Fleissner. Superparamagnetic Magnetite in the Upper Beak Tissue of Homing Pigeons. BioMetals 13 (2000) 325-331  \u2191 Quentin Mauguit Future , ‘ The beak of pigeons is not a compass \u00bb , on Future  (consulted the September 10, 2021 )  \u2191 Zone Science- ICI.RADIO-CANADA.CA , ‘ The 6th sense of pigeons remains a mystery \u00bb , on Radio-CANADA.CA  (consulted the September 10, 2021 )  \u2191 Cafer T. Yavuz, J. T. Mayo, Carmen Suchecki, Jennifer Wang, Adam Z. Ellsworth, Helen D\u2019Couto, Elizabeth Quevedo, Arjun Prakash, Laura Gonzalez and Christina Nguyen, et al., “Pollution magnet: nano-magnetite for arsenic removal from drinking water”, Environmental Geochemistry and Health, Volume 32, Number 4, 327-334  \u2191 a et b Kirschvink J et al. (1992) ” Magnetite biomineralization in the human brain “. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 89 (16): 7683\u20137687. Bibcode:1992PNAS…89.7683K. doi:10.1073\/pnas.89.16.7683. Lay summary. “Using an ultrasensitive superconducting magnetometer in a clean-lab environment, we have detected the presence of ferromagnetic material in a variety of tissues from the human brain.”  \u2191 a b c d e f and g Magnetite Nano-Particles in Information Processing: From the Bacteria to the Human Brain Neocortex – (ISBN\u00a0 9781-61761-839-0 )  \u2191 Tocca, luigi; Youdim, Moussa B. H .; Riously, peter; Connor, james r .; CRESSION, ROBERT R. (2004). ” Iron, brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders “. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 5: 863\u2013873  \u2191 Eric Hand (June 23, 2016). ” Maverick scientist thinks he has discovered a magnetic sixth sense in humans “. Science. doi:10.1126\/science.aaf5803.  \u2191 Baker, R R (1988). “Human magnetoreception for navigation”. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research. 257: 63\u201380. PMID 3344279  \u2191 Kirschvink, Joseph L; Winklhofer, Michael; Walker, Michael M (2010). ” Biophysics of magnetic orientation: strengthening the interface between theory and experimental design “. Journal of the Royal Society, Interface \/ the Royal Society. 7 Suppl 2: S179\u201391. doi:10.1098\/rsif.2009.0491.focus. PMC 2843999librement accessible. PMID 20071390 .  \u2191 a et b Barbara A. Maher; IMAD A. M. Ahmed; Vassil Karloukovski; Donald A. Maclaren; Penelope G. Foulds; David Allsop; David M. A. Mann; Ricardo Torres-Jard\u00f3n; Lilian Calderon-Garcidueas (2016). ” Magnetite pollution nanoparticles in the human brain ” (PDF). PNAS Early Edition. 113 (39): 10797\u201310801. Bibcode:2016PNAS..11310797M. doi:10.1073\/pnas.1605941113. PMC 5047173Freely accessible. PMID 27601646 .  \u2191 BBC Environment:Pollution particles ‘get into brain’ (Environment: particles from air pollution penetrate the brain  \u2191 Wilson, Clare (5 September 2016). ” Air pollution is sending tiny magnetic particles into your brain “. New scientist. 231 (3090). Accessed September 06, 2016  \u2191 A B and C Qin y, zhu w, zhan c et al. (2011) j. Huazhong univ. Sci. Technol. [Med. Sci.] 31: 578.  \u2191 Tocca, luigi; Youdim, Moussa B. H .; Riously, peter; Connor, james r .; CRESSION, ROBERT R. (2004). ” Iron, brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders “. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 5: 863\u2013873.  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