Marvel cinematic universe – Wikipedia

Marvel cinematographic universe

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Logo of the Marvel cinematographic universe.

For more details, see Technical sheet And Distribution

L’ Marvel cinematographic universe (in English : Marvel Cinematic Universe , sometimes abbreviated in MCU ) is a cinematographic franchise produced by Marvel Studios featuring comics characters from the editor Marvel Comics, imagined and started by Kevin Feige from 2008. Marvel Studios is the property of The Walt Disney Company.

The films that are part of this shared universe are, originally, those showcase the Avengers, a group of superheroes comprising Iron Man , Hulk, Thor, Black Widow, Hawkeye and Captain America. Released in 2008, this is the film Iron Man who launches this universe and therefore, the first phase, which will end with the exit from Avengers in 2012 ^{[ first ]} . The second phase begins with the release of Iron Man 3 in 2013 and ended with Ant-Man in 2015. The third phase, on the other hand, began during the exit of Captain America: Civil War in 2016, and ended in 2019 with the release of Spider-Man: Far From Home . The first three phases of this universe form a narrative arch known as The saga of L’Efini ( The Infinity Saga a version original).

The fourth phase began in 2021 with the broadcast of the series WandaVision On Disney+. It starts the second “cycle” of the universe, entitled The multiverse saga ( The Multiverse Saga In the original version), and which will include the following phases. This second “cycle”, which was to open originally in 2020 with Black Widow , was affected by the Pandemic of Covid-19 and the postponement of the film.

The film The guards of the galaxy , released in August 2014 , is the first in which the Avengers do not appear, and almost all come together in 2018 and 2019 in Avengers: Infinity War followed by Avengers: Endgame , which becomes the most lucrative superhero film in the history of world cinema with recipes exceeding 2.798 billion dollars.

The creation of a filmic universe is akin to what Stan Lee proposed in comics , where the characters can appear in other series than theirs. With the concept of extended universes, Marvel cinematographic productions have staged, under the leadership of producer Kevin Feige, a large gallery of characters and participated in making the kind of superhero super-hero films more popular ^{[ 2 ]} .

In February 2023 , Thirty -one films were released indoors, accumulating more than $ 27.450 billion in global revenue and partly constituting the first three “phases” of the construction of this universe, with a final production, Avengers: Endgame which concludes the first “cycle” called The saga of L’Efini linked to the six infinite stones and Thanos which were the guiding thread of many films of these first three phases of the MCU ^{[ 3 ]} .

Feature films [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

In 2005, Marvel Studios was preparing to produce his own adaptations in film and distribute them by Paramount Pictures ^{[ 4 ]} . Previously, the studio had many co-production contracts for superhero films with Columbia Pictures, New Line Cinema and in particular a 7-year contract with the 20th Century Fox ^{[ 5 ]} . However, Marvel Studios has only benefited from these financial arrangements and sought to increase her recipes while maintaining the artistic control of projects ^{[ 6 ]} .

Kevin Feige is the one who imagined the development of the franchise, realizing that Marvel could create a filmic universe from the licenses of which he had the rights.

The co-president of Marvel Studios, Kevin Feige, then realized that if he did not entirely have the production rights of Spider-Man, the Fantastic Four and the X-Men, whose licenses were co-led respectively by Columbia for Spider-Man, and Fox For the fantastic four and the X-Men, Marvel still had the rights for the central members of the Avengers (or Avengers in the original version). Feige then imagined realizing his fan dream by creating a shared universe like Stan Lee and Jack Kirby had done it in the comics In the early 1960s ^{[ 7 ]} . In order to ensure departure capital, the studio ensured credit funding of $ 525 million over 7 years with Merrill Lynch ^{[ 6 ]} . The idea was therefore to first produce a film on each hero before bringing them together in a film crossover ^{[ 8 ]} .

In 2007, when he was only 33, Feige was appointed president of Marvel Studios. In order to preserve its artistic integrity, the studio has formed a creative committee made up of six familiar people with comics: Feige, president of Marvel Studios, Louis d’Esposito, president of the Marvel Comics publishing, Dan Buckley, Director of the Creation of Marvel, Joe Quesada, the writer Brian Michael Bendis and the president of Marvel Entertainment, Alan Fine.

In November 2013 , Feige declares that in “An ideal world” , the annual film releases would include a film based on an existing character and another on a new character, which he said would be “A good rhythm” . This was not always the case, as in 2013 when the two productions are following ( Iron Man 3 And Thor: The world of darkness ), to which he replied that it remained “Certainly a goal to be achieved” ^{[ 9 ]} . Feige returned to his idea in July 2014 : “I don’t know if we will stay [on this model] each Year, but we stay on it for 2014 and 2015. So I think it would be good to continue these kinds of things. I do not know if we [the] will do all the time, but in a global setting, I think it would be good ^{[ ten ]} . » In February 2014 , Feige says that Marvel Studios wants to reproduce the “rhythm” that the comic books have developed, having the characters in their own films before meeting in event films ^{[ 11 ]} with movies Avengers as pillars ^{[ twelfth ]} . After the revelation of the exit dates of the phase III Until 2019 ^{[ 13 ]} , Feige said: “I think that if you look at some of these dates announced, we arrive at three dates per year for some. Again, not because there is an imperative that forces us to go to three, make more than two films in a year, but for a simple development reason: it is a question of managing franchises [existing ], film after film, and when we have a team ready to work, why tell them to wait for four years just because we do not have a niche? We prefer to find a way to maintain the pace ^{[ 14 ]} . » When the titles are revealed in 2014 ^{[ 15 ]} , he adds : “The studio is at full speed at the moment … which has made our lives easier for the first time … to move on to three films per year [in 2017, 2018 and 2019] instead of two, without changing our methods ^{[ 16 ]} . »

With the increase in the number of characters in the universe and letting individual films breathe and having their own story, and instead of having avengers meetings outside these films, Feige said that he act of “Remember the most spectators to the greatest number that the characters exist separately, gathering only for specific events and set off again and exist separately in their own worlds again. Just as comics readers have done for decades and decades … People are somehow accepting that there is a good time when they must be together and there is a time when they do not can’t ^{[ 17 ]} . » In April 2014 , Feige reveals that the script written by Edgar Wright for Ant-Man In 2006, helped design the first MCU films ^{[ 18 ]} .

In October 2014 , Marvel held a press conference to announce the titles of the films of the phase III ^{[ 15 ]} Once everything had been decided, which forced to repel the announcement several times ^{[ 16 ]} .

The February 10, 2015 , Disney-Marvel and Sony Pictures reached an agreement to integrate Spider-Man into the Marvel cinematographic universe with a film planned in 2017 but by rejecting four films ^{[ 19 ] , [ 20 ] , [ 21 ]} . In September of the same year, after the attachment of Marvel Studios to the Walt Disney Studios, the studios creation committee had a “nominal” contribution on the films to come, although the two studios continued to consult the productions of Marvel Television , who remained under the direction of Perlmutter. All key decisions concerning future films were to be made by Feige, Esposito and Victoria Alonso. At the end of the month, with the quantity of history developed for future franchise films, Feige that only “main lines” appeared, although sometimes we found “specific elements”. The studio also had various emergency plans in its possession of all their films, in the event that they are unable to obtain a certain actor to use a role, or reactivate the rights of the film on a certain character, as was the case in February 2015 With Spider-Man.

In April 2016 , by developing the universe towards phase four and thinking about the first three, Feige said: “I think there will be an end after the events of phase three, as well as new beginnings that will mark another departure” . Joe Russo added: “We build things and people appreciate the accumulated experiences. But then, we somehow reach a summit, a moment when we will say that this structure will start to be repetitive if we start again, whereas we do now? So we deconstruct him. We are in the deconstruction phase with Captain America: Civil War , Then Avengers: Infinity War , which are culminating films ”. A year later, Feige considered that after the conclusion of phase three, Marvel could abandon the grouping of films by phases, explaining: “This could lead to the creation of a new project”. He also mentioned that Avengers: Endgame would form “a conclusion” to the films and the scenarios which precede it, the franchise having “two distinct periods: the pre- Endgame and the post- Endgame ».

Regarding the potential “superhero fatigue”, Feige said: “In this year 2016, we have the outings of Captain America: Civil War and of Doctor Strange In November, two completely different films. For me, and for all Marvel studios, that’s what makes things get forward. As long as we surprise people, as long as we do not fall into similarity … next year will also be marked by the release of Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 , Spider-Man: Homecoming And Thor: Ragnarok . These are three totally different films … With the difference that they come from the same source material and that they have our Marvel logo in front of the films. Other than that, they are very distinct ”.

The December 14, 2017 , Disney announces that it will buy the 21st Century Fox. This acquisition thus includes the studios 20th Century Fox, which until then had the adaptation rights of the characters of the X-Men films (including Wolverine and Deadpool) and films on the Fantastic Four ^{[ 22 ]} . Therefore all these characters can now be operated by Marvel Studios and if necessary join the MCU if Marvel Studios decides ^{[ 23 ]} . The acquisition is negotiated in June 2018 , after an offer of 71.3 billion USD to counter a comcast proposal at 65 billion USD ^{[ 24 ]} , then officially concluded the 19 mars 2019 ^{[ 25 ]} .

In July 2019 , Feige announced the planning of phase four at the Comic-Con de San Diego, this being made up of films and series broadcast on Disney+. Additional Disney+ series for phase four were announced at J23 the following month. In December 2020 , During the Disney Investor Day, Marvel Studios revealed updates concerning films and series announced during the year, in addition to series and special episodes for the platform, many of which were attached to phase four.

Film distribution rights [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Over time, the distribution rights of Marvel Studios films have changed their hands several times. In November 2006 , Universal Pictures announces that it will distribute The incredible hulk ^{[ 26 ]} , an arrangement that separates him from the 2005 contract passed between Marvel and Paramount, the distributor of other films ^{[ 4 ]} . In September 2008 , after the international success of Iron Man , Paramount signs a contract for the global distribution of future productions, namely Iron Man 2 , Iron Man 3 , Thor , Captain America : First Avenger And Avengers ^{[ 27 ]} .

But end December 2009 , The Walt Disney Company buys Marvel Entertainment for $ 4 billion. In October 2010 , Walt Disney Studios bought the distribution rights of Avengers And Iron Man 3 in Paramount Pictures ^{[ 28 ]} , while letting the logo of the paramount appear in the credits and on promotional posters ^{[ 29 ] , [ 30 ]} (Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures remains the only studio credited at the end of these films ^{[ thirty first ]} ). Disney has distributed since only Marvel Studios films ^{[ 32 ]} . In July 2013 , Disney buys the distribution rights of Iron Man , Iron Man 2 , Thor And Captain America: First Avenger in paramount ^{[ 33 ]} . The film The incredible hulk Stay apart, Marvel and Universal having an arrangement where the first has the rights of the film and the second has distribution rights, as well as for any Hulk film to produce ^{[ 34 ]} .

In February 2015 , Sony Pictures Entertainment and Marvel Studios announce an arrangement around the Spider-Man license, allowing the character to appear in the MCU, his first appearance will be in Captain America: Civil War ^{[ 35 ] , [ 36 ]} . Likewise, Marvel Studios studies the possibility for characters from the MCU to appear in films Spider-Man funded, distributed and controlled by Sony Pictures ^{[ 35 ]} . This occurs for the first time with the integration of Robert Downey Jr. within Spider-Man: Homecoming . In June of the same year, Feige said that the initial agreement with Sony would not apply to any MCU television series. The two studios also have the opportunity to terminate the agreement at any time. However, a small adjustment was brought to a 2011 agreement concluded between the two studios (where Marvel obtained total control of the Spider-Man merchandering rights, in exchange for a single payment of $ 175 million in Sony) , Marvel having the possibility of reducing its $ 35 million payment to Sony if Spider-Man: Homecoming were to bring back more than $ 750 million.

In August 2019 , it is announced that Disney and Sony could not reach a new agreement concerning Spider-Man films, Marvel Studios and Feige having declared that he no longer was involved in future films. Deadline Hollywood reported that Disney had hoped that future films would be a “50/50 co-financing arrangement between studios”, with the possibility of extending the agreement to other films related to Spider-Man, an offer that Sony rejected . Instead, Sony hoped to maintain the terms of the previous agreement (Marvel receiving 5% of the film’s first crude dollar), but Disney refused. The Hollywood Reporter Added that the absence of a new agreement would mark the end of Spider-Man in the MCU. Or, in September 2019 , it was announced that Disney and Sony had entered into a new agreement allowing Spider-Man to appear in the rest of Spider-Man: Far From Home . Disney would have co-funded 25% of the film in exchange for 25% of the profits, while retaining merchandising rights on the character. Feige noted that, while Sony continued to build his own shared universe separately, it was possible that this version of Spider-Man could appear in this universe. In October 2020 , Jamie Foxx was chosen to resume her role as electro, which appeared in The Amazing Spider-Man: The fate of a hero , in the third film Spider-Man MCU. In December, it is announced that Alfred Molina and Kirsten Dunst should resume their respective roles of Otto Octavius ​​/ Doctor Octopus and Mary Jane Watson of the film trilogy Spider-Man de sam raimi ^{[ 37 ] , [ 38 ]} , with, in addition, the return of Andrew Garfield as Peter Parker / Spider-Man from The Amazing Spider-Man by Marc Webb. Emma Stone should also come back as Gwen Stacy, while Tobey Maguire would be in talks to return as Peter Parker of Sam Raimi films ^{[ 38 ]} .

TV shows [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Disney+ [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

In December 2017 , Disney undertakes to develop new Marvel television series for its Disney+ streaming service ^{[ 39 ]} . In July 2018 , Kevin Feige announced that discussions had started with Disney concerning any potential involvement that Marvel Studios could have with the streaming service, since Feige estimated that the platform was “an important element for the company” ^{[ 40 ]} . In September 2018 , it was confirmed that Marvel Studios developed several series centered on secondary characters from the MCU films which were unlikely to have their own film. Each series was to count between six and eight episodes and each would be produced by Marvel Studios instead of Marvel Television, Feige playing a “practical role” in the development of each series ^{[ 41 ]} . In addition, the latter said that the series under development “would tell stories too developed to be adapted in film” ^{[ 42 ]} . He also added that Disney wish to develop Marvel series in order to “energize creativity” within Marvel Studios, since they were offered to work in a completely different environment ^{[ 43 ]} .

In July 2019 , during the San Diego Comic-Con, several Marvel series were announced: Falcon and the winter soldier , WandaVision , Loki , the animated series What If …? as well as Hawkeye , all being part of the phase IV ^{[ 44 ]} . Three additional Disney+ series were announced at D23 the following month: Ms. Marvel , Moon Knight And She-Hulk ^{[ 45 ]} . It was specified that the budget of each series would be between $ 100 and $ 150 million ^{[ forty six ]} . In September 2020 , the development of a series centered on Nick Fury was announced, under the name Secret Invasion ^{[ 47 ]} . In December 2020 , on the occasion of Disney investor day, the series Ironheart , Armor Wars And I am tall were announced, in addition to a special Christmas episode focused on the Galaxy Guardians, named The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special ^{[ 48 ]} . It has been confirmed that all these series are part of the phase IV ^{[ 49 ]} . In February 2021 , Ryan Coogler, director of Black Panther , announced that a series dedicated to Wakanda was under development ^{[ 50 ]} . In September 2022, the project Armor Wars is reworked to become a film project, always with Don Cheadle as a main role and Yassir Lester as a screenwriter ^{[ 51 ]} .

Other visual productions [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The first comic strip linked to the MCU was released in 2008 ^{[ 52 ]} . Joe Quesada described his expansion plan from the universe to the comics by declaring: “These are stories taking place in the continuity of the films. These are not necessarily direct adaptations of the films, but perhaps something that happened off screen and which was mentioned in the film … Kevin Feige is involved in this project and in some cases, perhaps that the scriptwriters of the films would also be ” ^{[ 53 ]} . Marvel Comics worked with Brad Winderbaum, Jeremy Latcham and Will Corona Pilgrim in the Marvel studios to decide the concepts that should be addressed, what should be shown in comics, and what should be left to films ^{[ 54 ]} . Marvel said which comics would be considered canonical stories of the MCU, the rest being simply inspired by films ^{[ 55 ]} .

In August 2011 , Marvel announced The unique Marvel editions ( Marvel One-shots in VO), which are short films published in direct-to-video Content in Blu-ray editions of films in the Marvel cinematic universe ^{[ 56 ]} . They put secondary characters from the films, living a story independently of the Avengers.

• The consultant ( The Consultant ): Included in the blu-ray of Thor . He tells how Coulson and Sitwell agents made Tony Stark visit General Ross in the post-generic scene of The incredible hulk .
• A funny story by going to see the Hammer of Thor ( A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to Thor’s Hammer ): Included in the blu-ray of Captain America: First Avenger . The crazy adventure of Phil Coulson which stops a robbery in a service station before going to see the Hammer of Thor.
• N ^O 47 ( Item 47 ): Included in the blu-ray of Avengers . A couple, having found an extraterrestrial weapon in New York, is spotted by the Shield after having committed robberies in several banks.
• Agent Carter ( Agent Carter ): Included in the blu-ray of Iron Man 3 . The short film tells how agent Peggy Carter, then bureaucrat, becomes a member of the Shield.
• Long live the king ( All Hail the King ): Included in the blu-ray of Thor: The world of darkness . Trevor Slattery, le faux Mandarin d’ Iron Man 3 , arrives in prison and must defend his reputation as a terrorist leader while the gang of the ten rings wants his life.
• The list of peter races ( Peter’s to do list ): Included in the blu-ray of Spider-Man : Far From Home . Peter does several things from his race list such as looking for his passport, buy a catch adapter or even put an end to the activities of a mafia group.

In mars 2015 , Vice-President of Marvel Development and Production Production, Cort Lane, said that animated links with the MCU were “in preparation” ^{[ 57 ]} . In July, Marvel Studios teamed up with Google to produce the program of false information named WHIH: New Front (or WHIH: World News ) ^{[ 58 ]} . This is a false information channel available on YouTube for free, with two seasons, each of 5 episodes. This program serves as an introduction to different films. The first season talks about the hacking of the company where Scott Lang worked, and the company Pym Technologies (preparing Ant-Man ). The second season talks about the Sokovie agreements, the Wakanda disaster, the events reported in Avengers: Ultron era , and the rebellion of Steve Rogers (seen in Captain America: Civil War ). It deals with the importance and impact of superhero in the world.

In December 2016 , the website Marvel’s Agents of SHIELD: Slingshot is broadcast. This is a series derived from the television series Shield agents And she focuses on the character of Elena Rodriguez, known as Yo-Yo. Online in December 2016 , she has a season of 6 episodes, telling an adventure taking place between seasons 3 and 4 of the series while the Sokovia agreements begin to be written. In September 2019 Sony has created a real version of the fictitious site Thossailybigle.net as part of a marketing campaign to promote Spider-Man: Far From Home . Inspired by real websites “that push for the plot”, like that of Alex Jones, the site presents J.K. Simmons taking up his role as J. Jonah Jameson in a video where he denounces Spider-Man, before adding “Thank you ‘Having looked at. Do not forget to love and subscribe! »» ^{[ 59 ]} . In December 2020 , Marvel Studios has announced I am tall , a series of short films featuring the character of Baby Groot for Disney+ ^{[ 60 ]} , as well as Legends of Marvel studios , a documentary devoted to the characters of the MCU ^{[ sixty one ]} .

Business practices [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Marvel Studios has developed specific commercial practices to create its shared universe, in particular by choosing recognized directors taking into account their previous work. Feige pointed out: “It is not necessary to have made a film filled with special effects to make a big film. You just have to have done something singularly great ” ^{[ 62 ]} , adding: “It worked well for us when we hired people like Jon Favreau, Joss Whedon, Kenneth Branagh and the Russo brothers, who did very good things. It is very rare that a superhero film is part of the striking films category ” ^{[ 63 ]} . The studio was therefore looking for filmmakers to hire capable of making a film ^{[ sixty four ]} . During the hiring of the latter, the studio generally has “an kernel of an idea of ​​what he wants”, which is presented to the potential directors during several meetings to discuss the development of the film. “And if in three, four or five meetings, they succeed much better than what we announce to them, they generally get the post,” according to Feige ^{[ sixty four ]} . Later, while developing this process, Feige explained that before talking about a film for directors, Marvel Studios often prepares a lookbook , influences from comics by the Marvel visual development department, to create a visual model for the film. These are gathered during meetings that the studio organizes every 18 months approximately to plan and develop the phases of the MCU. However, these lookbooks are not always shown to directors, Marvel sometimes preferring to let the director offer his own ideas first ^{[ 65 ]} .

When developing Doctor Strange , Scott Derrickson did not benefit from a lookbook , but rather revealed his true conception of the film, with concept art and storyboards which he had himself made with his team. On the other hand, Marvel shared several different ideas on what Thor: Ragnarok could look like some directors. For this, Taika Waititi created a freezing coil using clips from other films to present her vision based on Marvel’s ideas, a practice that Marvel has advised because she “can often be catastrophic”. However, Derrickson and Waititi were both hired to make the films ^{[ 65 ]} . For Captain America: the winter soldier , Anthony and Joe Russo met the studio four times in two months before their hiring, during which they “continued to be more and more precise on their vision”, setting up presentation videos, storyboards, pages script. “We have validated a 30 -page book containing everything we would do with the character, from the theme of the film to his tone, including the combat style” ^{[ 66 ]} .

When the studio hired Kenneth Branagh and Joe Johnston to make respectively Thor And Captain America: First Avenger , he made sure that the two directors were open to the idea of ​​a shared universe and the inclusion of scenes from the assembly of Avengers In their films ^{[ sixty seven ]} . Joe Russo said: “It’s a very exciting element. What can we set up for the future? We are constantly offered ideas that affect not only our film, but which can also have an influence on other films ” ^{[ 63 ]} . His brother Anthony added: “What is great about the Marvel cinematographic universe is that he is in a very large and interconnected universe, where the characters will know their ascent and their fall, so to speak. As we advance, we can start to see that the franchise adopts the same model, as in the comics, where there is a conclusion with certain characters and a beginning with other characters ” ^{[ 68 ]} . He added that, so that the directors “integrate” in Marvel, they must understand how to “interpret a broader story and transform it into a unique moment”, while keeping it connected to other films ^{[ 63 ]} .

By allowing directors and writers to work in the concept of shared universe, Joe Russo said that Feige has “great ideas on which to work, but the way you manage is a bit open to interpretation and ‘improvisation ”. When writing Captain America: the winter soldier , the Russo brothers had to face the idea that the Shield is infiltrated by Hydra, Joe saying: “The way necessary to get there depends on us. And I think that the reason why Marvel was so successful is that it was a clear plan, that everything is interconnected and that they build emotional capital with each film ” ^{[ 69 ]} . Later, he explained that once the creative team of each film found a concept, she “asks questions to know if that would interfere with the script in another film. Or what happens in a certain film, can it integrate a certain part in the film it designs? This is where you start to seek interdependence, but it is very important that the concept is created from the start, because you have to protect the idea ” ^{[ 66 ]} .

LOEB explained that Marvel Television considers itself “as a producer company working to support the vision of showrunners. But we are involved in all aspects of production – whether with the writers, the assembly on the set, the cast – each stage of the production goes through the Marvel team to tell the best possible story. ” He added that the studio is capable of working on different series for several services, because “it simply requires that we understood that there is always someone familiar with the environment to direct production” ^{[ 70 ]} .

Marvel Studios has also started to initiate its actors for several films, notably with Samuel L. Jackson, who signed a nine films contract ^{[ 71 ]} . In July 2014 , Feige said that the studio had all the actors of contracts sign for several films, the standard being for 3 or more, while contracts for 9 or 12 films are “rarer” ^{[ 72 ]} . The contracts with the actors also include clauses which allow Marvel to use up to three minutes of the performance of a film actor for another production, which the studio describes as a “transitional material” ^{[ seventy three ]} . At Marvel Television, actors such as Charlie Cox (Matt Murdock / Daredevil in Daredevil ) and Adrianne Palickki (Bobbi Morse / Mocking Bird in Shield agents ) are contractually forced to appear in a Marvel film if asked ^{[ 74 ]} . In May 2015 , after playing the role of Claire Temple in the first season of Daredevil , Rosario Dawson signed with Marvel to return in the second season of the series as part of an “exclusive television agreement” which also allows him to appear in any other Marvel series in Netflix ^{[ 75 ]} . The character of Dawson was also present in all the other series of Netflix, with the exception of The Punisher , connecting it in the same way as the character of Nick Fury of Jackson in the films ^{[ 76 ]} .

In August 2012 , Marvel has signed an exclusive contract with Joss Whedon to June 2015 For cinema and television. In this way, Whedon “would contribute in a creative way” in phase two of the MCU and would develop the first television series linked to the universe ^{[ 77 ]} . In mars 2013 , Whedon has widened his responsibilities as a consultant, declaring: “I understand what Kevin Feige wants to do and where he heads, I read the scripts, I speak to directors and writers, I give my opinion. Sometimes there can be writing. But I don’t try to change things, I’m just trying to be useful ” ^{[ 78 ]} . Later, he also explained that “since history has already been approved and everyone knows what we are doing with Avengers 2 , we can really expose it. It’s not like someone said: “Well, I don’t know, and if I need it?”. You want to honor the events of the last film, but you don’t want to be indebted to them, because some people will see Avengers 2 will not have seen any of the intermediate films or even Avengers 1 » . He also found that work on television and writing scenarios were “an excellent training field to manage this, because we give you a lot of pieces and we tell you to adapt them, even if it is difficult »» ^{[ 79 ]} .

When the Russo brothers and the scriptwriters Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely worked on Avengers: Infinity War And the three phase in general, they saw “a guideline, of the Winter soldier , Passing by Civil War , until Infinity War », With films like Doctor Strange And Thor: Ragnarok lay the foundations of the “culminating point” of Infinity War . Subsequently, they talked to the directors and screenwriters of the other films of phase three almost every week, to ensure that everything aligns properly ^{[ 80 ]} . Peyton Reed, director of Ant-Man and D’ Ant-man and the wasp , estimated that the relationship and collaboration between the directors of phase three were “probably the closest thing to a studio system of the 1930s or 40s, where you are all in the field and you all work on different things ” ^{[ 81 ]} .

In April 2017 , with the announcement of his return to write and realize The guards of the Galaxy Vol. 3 , James Gunn revealed that he was working with Marvel “to help to conceive of these stories, and to also ensure that the Cosmic future of Marvel was as special, authentic and magical” ^{[ 82 ]} . However, in July 2018 , Disney and Marvel broke their ties with Gunn following a controversy surrounding the director, concerning several old jokes he had made on Twitter ^{[ 83 ] , [ 84 ]} . In October, Disney and Marvel Studios finally returned to their decision and rehiring Gunn as director of the film ^{[ 85 ]} .

The June 9, 2018 , Disney begins an interactive exhibition entitled Marvel Studios: Ten Years of Heroes to the artscience museum in Singapore until September 30, 2018 presenting in 10 sections the great moments of the first 19 films in the universe ^{[ eighty six ]} .

In December 2020 , due to the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic on cinemas and studios, Marvel Studios began to mention updated contracts for actors, screenwriters, directors and producers to receive compensation adjusted in the event Where a film should be released on Disney+ rather than cinema. Thewrap said new contracts would only apply to films about to enter production and that it was not clear if adjustments would be made for films already finished but not yet released ^{[ eighty seven ]} .

The first of the films constituting the Marvel cinematographic universe is Iron Man (2008), distributed by Paramount Pictures. Paramount also distributed Iron Man 2 (2010), Thor (2011) and Captain America: First Avenger (2011), while Universal Pictures was responsible for The incredible hulk . Since the acquisition of Marvel Entertainment by Walt Disney Company at the end of 2009, the production studio has been attached to the Walt Disney Motion Pictures Group and its films are distributed by the subsidiary dedicated to the international since Avengers in 2012 ^{[ 88 ] , [ 89 ]} .

From this date, Marvel Studios retrospectively brings together the first 6 films of his universe in a set called ‘ phase I » And communicates on future films as elements of the following phases.

Initially, the phase II had to conclude with the film choral Avengers: Ultron era . However, Kevin Feige said in October 2014 during a presentation of the phase III that the film Ant-Man no longer constituted the introduction, and that he would be considered instead as the last film in the phase II ^{[ 90 ]} .

Consequently, it is the third part of the adventures of Captain America, entitled Captain America: Civil War , who introduced the phase III composed of eleven films that were released between May 2016 And July 2019 and which ended with Spiderman: Far From Home .

The April 23, 2016 , the studio removes the date of the film Inhumans , initially planned for 2019, of its calendar. Kevin Feige declares: “It is not because they do it on TV that we will not make the film, it is rather that we do not know when we can do it” ^{[ 91 ]} . In November 2016 , it is indeed confirmed that the film will not see the day ^{[ 92 ]} .

The April 19, 2019 , Kevin Feige specifies that the phase III will conclude with Spider-Man: Far From Home and no Avengers: Endgame as supposed before ^{[ 93 ]} .

The July 20, 2019 à la comic with San Diego, the phase IV was announced with 5 films, linked to the five development series on Disney+ ( Falcon and the winter soldier , WandaVision , Loki , What If…? , Hawkeye ). Other films in project, such as the consequences of Black Panther , Captain Marvel and the Galaxy goalkeepers , as well as reboots of the X-Men, Blade and the fantastic 4 are confirmed without having been attached to continuity.

In 2021, the phase IV is formalized with the following films: Black Widow , Shang-chi and the legend of the ten rings , The eternal , Spider-Man: No Way Home , and in 2022 with Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness , Thor: Love and Thunder and finally Black Panther: Wakanda Forever .

On September 29, 2022, it is announced that Armor Wars, initially planned as a series on Disney+, is finally in project as a full -fledged film for a cinema release ^{[ 51 ]} .

The saga of L’Efini [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The films contained in the first three phases of the Marvel cinematographic universe constitute The saga of L’Efini ( The Infinity Saga in vo) ^{[ ninety four ]} .

List of films

Production order	French title	Original title	Quebec title	Achievement	Script	Production	Release date
The Infinity Saga [ 95 ] ( A bit. The saga of L’Efini )
Phase I
first	Iron Man			Jon favreau	Matt Holloway, Art Marcum, Mark Fergus et Hawk Ostby	Avi Arad and Kevin Feige	May 2, 2008 April 30, 2008
2	The incredible hulk	The Incredible Hulk	NC	Louis Leterrier	Zak Penn, Edward Norton et Louis Leterrier	Avi Arad, Gale Anne Hurd and Kevin Feige	June 13, 2008 July 23, 2008
3	Iron Man 2			Jon favreau	Justin Theroux	Kevin Feige	May 7, 2010 April 28, 2010
4	Thor			Kenneth Branagh	Mark Protosevich, Ashley Miller et Zak Stentz		May 6, 2011 April 27, 2011
5	Captain America: First Avenger	Captain America: The First Avenger	Captain America: the first avenger	Joe Johnston	Christopher Markus et Stephen McFeely		July 22, 2011 August 17, 2011
6	Avengers	Marvel’s The Avengers	Avengers: the film	Joss Whedon	Zak Penn et Joss Whedon		May 4, 2012 April 25, 2012
Phase II
7	Iron Man 3			Shane Black	Shane Black et Drew Pearce	Kevin Feige	May 3, 2013 April 24, 2013
8	Thor: The world of darkness	Thor: The Dark World	Thor: an obscure world	Alan Taylor	Don Payne, Robert Rodat, Christopher Markus et Stephen McFeely		November 8, 2013 October 30, 2013
9	Captain America: the winter soldier	Captain America: The Winter Soldier	Captain America: the winter soldier	Anthony et Joe Russo	Christopher Markus et Stephen McFeely		April 4, 2014 26 mars 2014
ten	The guards of the galaxy	Guardians of the Galaxy	NC	James Gunn	James Gunn et Nicole Perlman		first is August 2014 August 13, 2014
11	Avengers: Ultron era	Avengers: Age of Ultron		Joss Whedon			first is May 2015 April 22, 2015
twelfth	Ant-Man			Peyton Reed	Adam McKay, Paul Rudd, Edgar Wright et Joe Cornish		July 17, 2015 July 14, 2015
Phase III
13	Captain America: Civil War		Captain America: Civil War	Anthony et Joe Russo	Christopher Markus et Stephen McFeely	Kevin Feige	May 6, 2016 April 27, 2016
14	Doctor Strange			Scott Derrickson	Scott Derrickson, C. Robert Cargill et Jon Spaihts		November 4, 2016 October 26, 2016
15	The guards of the Galaxy Vol. 2	Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2	NC	James Gunn			May 5, 2017 April 26, 2017
16	Spider-Man: Homecoming		Spider-man: reunion	Jon Watts	Jon Watts, Jonathan Goldstein, John Francis Daley, Christopher Ford, Chris McKenna, et Erik Sommers	Kevin Feige et Amy Pascal	July 7, 2017 July 12, 2017
17	Thor: Ragnarok			Tanks	Christopher Yost, Craig Kyle et Stephany Folsom	Kevin Feige	November 3, 2017 October 25, 2017
18	Black Panther		Black Panther	Ryan Coogler	Joe Robert Cole et Ryan Coogler		February 16, 2018 February 14, 2018
19	Avengers: Infinity War		Avengers: The infinite war	Anthony et Joe Russo	Christopher Markus et Stephen McFeely		April 27, 2018 April 25, 2018
20	Ant-man and the wasp	Ant-Man and the Wasp	NC	Peyton Reed	Chris McKenna, Erik Smembers, Andrew Barrer, Paul Rudd it Gabriel		July 6, 2018 July 18, 2018
21	Captain Marvel		Captain Marvel	Anna Boden et Ryan Fleck	Meg LeFauve, Nicole Perlman et Geneva Robertson-Dworet		8 mars 2019 6 mars 2019
22	Avengers: Endgame		Avengers: Phase finale	Anthony et Joe Russo	Christopher Markus et Stephen McFeely		April 26, 2019 April 24, 2019
23	Spider-Man: Far From Home		Spider-Man: Far from his family	Jon Watts	Chris McKenna et Erik Sommers	Kevin Feige et Amy Pascal	July 2, 2019 July 3, 2019

The multiverse saga [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Futur [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

There are also derived television series linked to this universe. The first is Marvel: SHIELD agents , broadcast from September 2013 in the United States, with Jed Whedon, Maurissa Tancharoen and Jeffrey Bell as showrunners . Clark Gregg resumes his role as agent Phil Coulson. The second series is created following the film Captain America: First Avenger and the short film centered on Peggy Carter. It is focused around the latter and its actions as an agent of the SSR ( Reserve scientific section ) In 1946, after the disappearance of Steve Rogers. This series, entitled Agent Carter is broadcast from January 2015 On the American channel ABC. It should be noted that the ABC, Freeform, Hulu and Disney+ channels and services are subsidiaries of the Walt Disney Company.

In September 2018 , it is announced that derived mini-series will be produced and broadcast on the future Disney streaming platform, including one centered on the character of Loki and another on Wanda Maximoff ^{[ 103 ]} . In the following weeks, Marvel and Netflix announce the cancellation of Iron Fist , Luke Cage And Daredevil , then in February, the last two series produced for Netflix, The Punisher And Jessica Jones , are officially not renewed. The original contract prohibiting reusing the characters of Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage and Iron Fist on another platform before two years, if new series for Disney+ are not excluded, they will not be created before 2020; The character of the Punisher is not included in the contract because his series is derived from Daredevil ^{[ 104 ]} . A third series centered on Clint Barton / Hawkeye for Disney+ is announced in April 2019 , actor Jeremy Renner taking up the role, and telling the name of name to Kate Bishop ^{[ 105 ]} .

At the 2019 Comic Con de San Diego, Kevin Feige announces that the five mini-series in production for the Disney+ platform will be an integral part of the phase IV MCU. They count Falcon and the winter soldier , WandaVision , Loki , What If…? And Hawkeye . A month later, during the D23 agreement, three new series are announced, centered on Kamala Khan / Ms. Marvel, Moon Knight and She-Hulk.

In December 2020 , Kevin Feige announces several new series to Disney+, Ironheart Sur is Williams, Secret Invasion On the Skrull invasion, with Nick Fury and Talos both seen in the film Captain Marvel , I am tall featuring the character of Groot, and Armor Wars , centered on James Rhodes / War Machine.

At the San Diego Comic Con of 2022, Kevin Feige announces the series Secret Invasion , Echo , Agatha: Coven of Chaos centered on the character of Agatha Harkness who appeared in the series WandaVision as well as a new series on the character Daredevil, Daredevil: Born Again .

In September 2022, Kevin Feige confirmed the series Armor Wars With Don Cheadle, after a silence around production of more than two years, and also reveals a new logo for the latter. A few days later, on September 29, it is said that the series was finally developed as a full -fledged film ^{[ 51 ]} .

Marvel Television series [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Marvel Studios series [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The December 11, 2020 , Kevin Feige announces a new project on the Guardians of the special Christmas galaxy broadcast exclusively on the Disney+ platform for December 2022 . This TV movie will serve as a prologue to the film The guards of the Galaxy Vol. 3 Scheduled in 2023. This is the first Marvel Studios project, excluding series, to be thought of for a broadcast directly on a streaming platform without a planned outing in the cinema.

Comics [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The Marvel cinematographic universe has been the subject of comics Adapted to the world of films. Some of these comics transcribe the history of the latter, others relate stories related to the cinematographic universe (prologue or annex history). They are published in the United States by Marvel Comics and in France by Panini Comics.

Original title	Name	Publication date (s)		French title	Publication date	Script	Design
		First publication	Latest publication
Iron Man: I am Iron Man!	2	January 27, 2010	February 24, 2010	Unpublished	Unpublished	Peter David	Sean Chen
Iron Man 2: Public Identity	3	April 28, 2010	May 12, 2010	Marvel Movies #1 – Iron Man 2, Public identity	April 2012	Joe Casey et Justin Theroux	Barry Kitson and Ron Lim
Iron Man 2: Agents of SHIELD	first	first is September 2010		Marvel Movies #1 – Iron Man 2, Agents du SHIELD		Joe Casey	Tim Green, Felix Ruiz et Matt Camp
Captain America: First Vengeance	4	May 4, 2011	June 29, 2011	Marvel Movies #3 – Captain America, Première Vengeance	July 2012	Fred van Spring	Neil Edwards
The Avengers Prelude: Fury’s Big Week	4	7 mars 2012	April 18, 2012	Marvel Movies #2 – Avengers, big week for Nick Fury	August 2012	Christopher Yost et Eric Pearson	Luke Ross
The Avengers Prelude: Black Widow Strikes	3	May 2, 2012	June 6, 2012	Unpublished	Unpublished	Fred van Spring	Neil Edwards
Iron Man 2 Adaptation	2	November 7, 2012	December 5, 2012	Iron Man Off Série #1 – Iron Man 2, Adaptation	April 2013	Christos Gage	Ramon Rosanas
Iron Man 3 Prelude	2	January 2, 2013	February 6, 2013	Iron Man Oddies Room #1 – Iron Man 3, Prelude			Steve Kurth
Thor Adaptation	2	January 16, 2013	February 20, 2013	Avengers Universe Outstanding #1 – Thor, the adaptation of the film	October 2013		Lan Medina
Thor: The Dark World Prelude	2	June 5, 2013	July 10, 2013	Avengers Universe Outstanding #1 – Thor: The world of darkness, prologue		Christopher Yost et Craig Kyle	Scott Eaton et Ron Lim
Captain America: The First Avenger Adaptation	2	November 6, 2013	11 December 2013	Avengers Universe Outstanding #2 – Captain America: First Avenger, the adaptation of the film	mars 2014	Peter David	Wellinton Alves
Captain America: The Winter Soldier Infinite Comic	first	January 28, 2014		Avengers Universe Outstanding #2 – Captain America: The winter soldier, prologue			Rock He-Kim
Guardians of the Galaxy Prequel, Dangerous Prey Infinite Comic	first	first is April 2014		Iron Man Off Série #5 – Galaxy guards, Dangerous prey	August 2014	And abnett et andy lanning	Andrea Di Vito
Guardians of the Galaxy Prelude	2	April 2, 2014	May 28, 2014	Iron Man Off Série #5 – Galaxy Guardians, Prologue			Wellinton Alves
The Avengers Adaptation	2	December 24, 2014	January 7, 2015	Avengers Outstanding #8 – Avengers, the adaptation of the film	April 17, 2015	Will Corona Pilgrim	Joe Bennett
Avengers: Age of Ultron Prelude – This Scepter’d Isle Infinite Comic	first	February 4, 2015		Avengers Hors Série #8 – Avengers: The Ultron era, prologue			Wellinton Alves
Ant-Man Prelude	2	February 4, 2015	4 mars 2015	Ant-Man Outside series #1-Ant-Man, prologue	July 17, 2015		Miguel Sepulveda
Ant-Man – Scott Lang, Small Time Infinite Comic	first	3 mars 2015		Ant-Man Outside series #1-Ant-Man, Scott Lang: Small player			Wellinton Alves
Jessica Jones	first	October 7, 2015		Unpublished	Unpublished	Brian Michael Bendis	Michael Gaydos
Captain America: Civil War Prelude	4	December 16, 2015	January 27, 2016	Marvel Saga Hors Series #8 – Captain America: Civil War, Prologue	April 15, 2016	Will Corona Pilgrim	Szymon kudranski et lee ferguson
Captain America: Civil War Prelude Infinite Comic	first	February 10, 2016		Marvel Saga Hors Série #8 – Captain America : Civil War, Prologue Infinite Comic			Lee Ferguson, Goran Sudžuka et Guillermo Mogorron
Doctor Strange Prelude	2	July 6, 2016	August 24, 2016	Marvel Saga Hors Série #1 – Doctor Strange, Prologue	October 18, 2016		Jorge Fornés
Doctor Strange Prelude Infinite Comic	first	September 7, 2016
Marvel’s Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 Prelude	2	January 4, 2017	first is February 2017	All-New the Guardians of the Galaxy Hors Series #04 The Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2: The film prologue	April 18, 2017		Christopher Allen
Spider-Man: Homecoming Prelude	2	first is mars 2017	April 5, 2017	Spider-Man Oders Ser Series #1-Spider-Man Homecoming-The film prologue	July 5, 2017		Todd Nauck
Marvel’s Thor: Ragnarok Prelude	4	July 5, 2017	August 16, 2017	Thor Ragnarok: the film prologue	October 18, 2017		J.L. Giles
Marvel’s Black Panther Prelude	2	October 18, 2017	November 15, 2017	Black Panther: the film prologue	February 14, 2018		Annapaola hammer
Marvel’s Avengers: Infinity War Prelude	2	January 24, 2018	February 28, 2018	Avengers Infinity War : Le prologue du film	April 25, 2018		Tigh Walker et Jorge Fornés
Marvel’s Ant-Man and the Wasp Prelude	2	7 mars 2018	April 4, 2018	Ant-man and the wasp: the film’s prologue	July 11, 2018		Chris Allen
Marvel’s Captain Marvel Prelude	first	November 14, 2018		Unpublished	Unpublished		Andrea Di Vito
Marvel’s Avengers: Endgame Prelude	3	December 5, 2018	February 20, 2019	Avengers Endgame : Le film prologue	May 2, 2019		Paco Diaz, Dono Sánchez-Almara et Travis Lanham
Spider-Man: Far From Home Prelude	2	27 mars 2019	April 24, 2019	Spider-Man: Far from home : Le prologue du film	July 4, 2019	Will Corona Pilgrim et Peter David	Luca Maresca, Lee Loughridge et Travis Lanham
Black Widow Prelude	2	January 15, 2020	February 19, 2020	Black Widow: the film prologue	April 28, 2021	Peter David	Carlos Villa, Chris Sotomayor et Travis Lanham

Books [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The Wakanda Files: A Technological Exploration of the Avengers and Beyond is a collection of documents, articles, plans and notes gathered throughout history by War Dogs of Wakanda at the request of Shuri. It is organized according to different fields of study and covers technological progress throughout the Marvel cinematic universe. The book was written by Troy Benjamin and published by Epic Ink and Quarto Publishing Group. The Wakanda Files have content printed with UV ink which can be visualized with UV lamps in the shape of Kimoyo pearls provided with the book. It was published on October 20, 2020 ^{[ 115 ]} .

Feature films [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Phase I [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Phase II [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Phase III [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Phase IV [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Phase V [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Phase vi [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Future movies [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

TV shows [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Marvel Television series [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Series broadcast on ABC [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Series broadcast on Netflix [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Series broadcast on Hulu and Freeform [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Marvel Studios series [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Series broadcast on Disney+ [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Phase IV [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Phase IN [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Future series [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Telefilm [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Notes [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Box-office [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Film	Budget	Box Office Recipes		Number of entries	References
		UNITED STATES / Canada	World	France
Iron Man (2008)	140 000 000 $	318 412 101 $	585 796 247 $	2,040,037 entries	[ 125 ] , [ 126 ]
The incredible hulk (2008)	150 000 000 $	134 806 913 $	264 770 996 $	1,022,782 entries	[ 127 ] , [ 128 ]
Iron Man 2 (2010)	200 000 000 $	312 433 331 $	623 933 331 $	2,575,265 entries	[ 129 ] , [ 130 ]
Thor (2011)	150 000 000 $	181 030 624 $	449 326 618 $	1,714,453 admissions	[ 131 ] , [ 132 ]
Captain America: First Avenger (2011)	140 000 000 $	176 654 505 $	370 569 774 $	1,061,166 entries	[ 133 ] , [ 134 ]
Avengers (2012)	220 000 000 $	623 357 910 $	1 520 538 536 $	4,505,704 entries	[ 135 ] , [ 136 ]
Iron Man 3 (two thousand and thirteen)	200 000 000 $	409 013 994 $	1 215 577 205 $	4,386 939 entries	[ 137 ] , [ 138 ]
Thor: The world of darkness (two thousand and thirteen)	170 000 000 $	206 362 140 $	644 783 140 $	2,353,234 entries	[ 139 ] , [ 140 ]
Captain America: the winter soldier (2014)	170 000 000 $	259 766 572 $	714 421 503 $	1,922,096 entries	[ 141 ] , [ 142 ]
The guards of the galaxy (2014)	170 000 000 $	333 176 600 $	774 750 147 $	2,393,763 entries	[ 143 ] , [ 144 ]
Avengers: Ultron era (2015)	250 000 000 $	459 005 868 $	1 407 615 874 $	4,331,356 entries	[ 145 ] , [ 146 ]
Ant-Man (2015)	130 000 000 $	180 202 163 $	519 311 965 $	1,762,459 entries	[ 147 ] , [ 148 ]
Captain America: Civil War (2016)	250 000 000 $	408 084 349 $	1 155 046 416 $	2,983,655 entries	[ 149 ] , [ 150 ]
Doctor Strange (2016)	165 000 000 $	232 641 920 $	677 796 076 $	1,973,652 entries	[ 151 ] , [ 152 ]
The guards of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (2017)	200 000 000 $	389 813 101 $	863 756 051 $	3,232,533 entries	[ 153 ] , [ 154 ]
Spider-Man: Homecoming (2017)	175 000 000 $	334 201 140 $	880 166 924 $	2 319,962 entries	[ 155 ] , [ 156 ]
Thor: Ragnarok (2017)	180 000 000 $	315 058 289 $	855 301 806 $	2,513,412 entries	[ 157 ] , [ 158 ]
Black Panther (2018)	200 000 000 $	700 426 566 $	1 382 248 826 $	3,708,125 entries	[ 159 ] , [ 160 ]
Avengers: Infinity War (2018)	316 000 000 $	678 815 482 $	2 052 415 039 $	5,141,500 entries	[ 161 ] , [ 162 ]
Ant-man and the wasp (2018)	162 000 000 $	216 648 740 $	622 674 139 $	1,851,813 entries	[ 163 ] , [ 164 ]
Captain Marvel (2019)	152 000 000 $	426 829 839 $	1 131 416 446 $	3,374,568 entries	[ 165 ] , [ 166 ]
Avengers: Endgame (2019)	356 000 000 $	858 373 000 $	2 799 439 100 $	6,944,909 entries	[ 167 ] , [ 168 ]
Spider-Man: Far From Home (2019)	160 000 000 $	390 532 085 $	1 131 927 996 $	3,226,105 entries	[ 169 ] , [ 170 ]
Black Widow (2021)	200 000 000 $	309 651 655 $	505 751 655 $	1,717,172 entries	[ 171 ] , [ 172 ]
Shang-chi and the legend of the ten rings (2021)	150 000 000 $	224 582 589 $	432 282 591 $	1,412,388 entries	[ 173 ] , [ 174 ]
The eternal (2021)	200 000 000 $	164 870 234 $	402 064 899 $	1,706,150 entries	[ 175 ]
Spider-Man: No Way Home (2021)	200 000 000 $	814 115 070 $	1 976 900 772 $	7,405,422 entries	[ 176 ]
Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness (2022)	200 000 000 $	411 331 607 $	955 775 804 $	3,390,574 entries	[ 177 ]
Thor: Love and Thunder (2022)	250 000 000 $	343 256 830 $	760 928 081 $	2,872,052 entries	[ 178 ]
Black Panther: Wakanda Forever (2022)	250 000 000 $	453 829 060 $	859 103 923 $	3,656,915 entries	[ 179 ]
Ant-man and the wasp: Quantumania (2023)	200 000 000 $	212 949 740 $	474 516 536 $	1,593,210 entries	[ 180 ]
The guards of the Galaxy Vol. 3 (2023)	250 000 000 $	$	$	entrances
Totals	6 056 000 000 $	11 480 431 473 $	29 010 541 069 $	91,092,767 entries	[ 181 ]

: Indicates the films being broadcast.

Critique [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Jim Vorel de Herald & Review describes the MCU as “complicated” and “impressive” but adds that “As the number of heroes with their adaptation increases, the global universe becomes very confused” ^{[ 182 ]} . Coffee Outlaw de Screen Rant explains that if Avengers is a success, “Marvel Studios still has room to improve their approach to build a shared cinematographic universe” ^{[ 183 ]} . Some criticisms have regretted the fact that the wish to make a shared universe means that some films do not work alone. In his criticism of Thor: The world of darkness , Scott Mendelson de Forbes assimilates the MCU to “A luxury television series” , Or The world of darkness would be ” a episode stand-alone which would contain a little mythology ” ^{[ 184 ]} . Matt Goldberg they Collider consider that if Iron Man 2 , Thor And Captain America: First Avenger are quality productions, “They have never really been films themselves” , scriptwriting detours involving the shield or the characters to appear in Avengers penalizing the stories of films ^{[ 185 ]} .

After the end of the first season of Agents du SHIELD , Mary McNamara for the Los Angeles Times appreciated the connections made between the series and the films, declaring: “Never before has been literally married to films, responsible for telling the little stories and creating the binder of an in progress film franchise … [[ Shield agents ] is no longer just a very good series in itself, it is part of the Marvel multi-platform-formula. It faces a future in perpetual reinvention, and which puts it on the front line of the race towards a possible world domination ^{[ 186 ]} » . Terre Schwartz de Zap2it supports this position, although it adds that Shield agents had to save time before benefiting from the narrative springs of Captain America: the winter soldier ^{[ 187 ]} .

At the end of the first trailer of Ant-Man , Michael Doran of Newsarama et Graeme McMillian de The Hollywood Reporter had a debate “for and against” on the way of seeing the film in relation to the universe established by Marvel, ending up concluding that it seemed obvious that the breathlessness of fans as films was inevitable, as suggested Thor: The world of darkness , the question was to predict when it was going to happen ^{[ 188 ]} . When the film was released, McMillian continues based on the film’s antagonist, Darren Cross, to criticize the general weakness of the writing of opponents of the hero, very similar while their comic versions are much more nuanced ^{[ 189 ]} .

After the release of Avengers in May 2012 , Russian tone, from Boston.com , noticed that the only time the idea of ​​a shared filmic universe was exploited was when leaving the Aliens vs. Predator And her suite, but that before, she had almost never been considered in Hollywood ^{[ 7 ]} . Since then, the model created by Marvel Studios has started to be copied by other studios with comic book operating rights. In April 2014 , Tuna Amobi, a media analyst for Standard & Poor’s Equity Research Services, notes that in the three to five years that will follow, the Hollywood studios will launch several “megafranchises”, while they were betting on a blockbuster per year until then , because Disney has proven that this approach could be a “gold mine” ^{[ 190 ]} . On the other hand, Doug Creutz, media analyst for Cowen and Company, hurries that the rhythm of production (a dozen films for four studios) will decrease the impact of these films and exhaust the public ^{[ 190 ]} . Despite these criticisms of the large number of films in the MCU, the craze for the Marvel Studios films series does not seem to weaken, on the contrary, since each film has reported an average of 300 million euros more than Marvel films Produced by other studios like Sony or 20th Century Fox, and 6 films (out of the 21 products and distributed indoors) have already spent the billion dollars in box office revenues, often making the best score of the year ^{[ 191 ]} .

In mars 2018 , Patrick Shanley, of The Hollywood Reporter , estimated that “the main differences between a regular franchise, such as the saga Fast and Furious or Pitch Perfect , are that a shared universe corresponds to the quantity of planning and imbalance necessary enters each individual film. It is too easy to make a film that exists only in order to set up future episodes and to widen a world, rather than a film which is distinguished by its own merits while alluding or making a clin ‘Eye skillfully in his place. In this, the MCU flourished. ” He estimated “that Iron Man He himself aimed to be a pleasant autonomous experience, not as a global advertisement for 17 following films. This mentality has persisted in most MCU films in the last decade, which is all the more impressive since his list of heroes now exceeds the two dozen mark ” ^{[ 192 ]} .

DC Entertainment et Warner Bros. [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

In October 2012 , after the victory in trial against Joe Shuster over Superman’s rights, Warner Bros. Announcements relaunch his old film project on justice League, bringing together DC Comics icons such as Batman, Superman and Wonder Woman. Warner Bros. takes the opposite view of Marvel Studios by first producing the film bringing together superheroes before launching individual stories ^{[ 193 ]} . The release of Man of Steel In 2013 was to mark the beginning of a new filmic universe for DC and lay the foundations for future films ^{[ 194 ]} . In July 2014 , the CEO of DC Geoff Johns confirms that the world of current television series, Arrow and his spin-off Flash , is different from that of Man of Steel and of Batman V Superman: dawn of justice ^{[ 195 ]} . In August 2014 , Warner Bros. and DC announce a plan of nine films, as did Marvel and Disney before ^{[ 196 ]} , and the titles are revealed in October 2014 ^{[ 197 ]} . Johns explains his approach as a multiverse, where films and each television series can have their universes clean and their own visions of things ^{[ 198 ]} .

Discussing the apparent failure of the first team film in the DC cinematographic universe, Batman V Superman: dawn of justice , and to establish a successful equivalent of the MCU, Emily Vanderwerff noted that where the MCU has a leader, namely Kevin Feige, the DCEU has the director Zack Snyder, whose films DC “apparently start from the hypothesis that people did not come to see an individual story but a long series of teasing for others. It is as if he knew what he should do, but that he could not focus on the task to be accomplished ” ^{[ 199 ]} . Subsequently, in May 2016 , Warner Bros. Entrusted the supervision of the DCEU to Johns and the executive Jon Berg in an attempt “to unify the disparate elements of DC films” and to imitate the success of Marvel. Both have become producers of Justice League , in addition to the involvement of Johns in several individual films such as the post-production process of Suicide Squad Or the writing process of an autonomous film by Batman ^{[ 200 ]} . After the successful release of Wonder Woman in June 2017 , DC has decided to start deactivating the shared nature of their films, the president of DC Entertainment, Diane Nelson, declaring: “Our intention is certainly to move forward, and she consists in using continuity to ensure that Nothing diverges in a way that insane, but there is no insistence on a global history or an interconnectivity in this universe. In the future, you will see that the DC universe is a universe in its own right, but which comes from the heart of the filmmaker who creates them ”. In addition, DC began to focus on completely different films of what had been done before, namely darker and more mature films, the first being centered on the Joker ^{[ 201 ]} .

20th Century Fox [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

In November 2012 , 20th Century Fox is launching its project to create a shared universe from the rights of the two Marvel franchises with which they have the rights of exploitation, the Fantastic Four and the X-Men, under the supervision of Mark Millar ^{[ 202 ]} . X-Men: Days of Future Past was seen as the basis of a new universe shared on different franchises with mutant superheroes ^{[ 203 ]} , but in May 2014 , Simon Kinberg, screenwriter for Fantastic Four , explains that this film would not be placed in the same universe as that of films X-Men , because according to him, no film X-Men did not mention a superhero team, and vice versa, the fantastic 4 would have “nothing fantastic” in a world with mutants with superpowers ^{[ 204 ]} . In July 2015 , Bryan Singer says that the possibility of a cross-over will depend on the success of X-Men: Apocalypse and of Fantastic Four ^{[ 205 ]} .

Considering that the efforts to sing to establish an extended universe with X-Men : Apocalypse , similar to the MCU, did not reach the standards established by Marvel, Vanderwerff notes that unlike the talent of Kevin Feige to act as a “pseudo-showrunner”, Singer remains “Stuck in the film and the way we tell a script for the cinema” , Thus “When the time comes to attach Apocalypse with the arcs established in First Class (Directed by Matthew Vaughn), the realization of Singer and the Kinberg script are both based on rebatus means and a storytelling strength ” , indicating an inability to “Consider the whole table as requires this kind of mega-franchise ^{[ 206 ]} . » . In his criticism of Dark Phoenix , Joe Mornenger De The Wall Street Journal qualifies the series of X-Men films as “A notoriously erratic franchise ^{[ 207 ]} . » . Geoffrey Crété for Large screen also points out the lack of continuity in the series of films among the reasons for the failure of Dark Phoenix , but recognizes this one the merit of having participated to relaunch the superheroic genre in the cinema ^{[ 208 ]} .

In December 2017 , Disney announces its intention to buy the 21st Century Fox, parent company of 20th Century Fox for 53 billion USD ^{[ 209 ] , [ 210 ] , [ 211 ]} with the aim of recovering the Marvel licenses held by Fox ^{[ 212 ]} . This purchase finalized in mars 2019 will put an end to the shared universe of the fantastic four and X-Men.

Sony Pictures [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

In November 2013 , the co-president of Sony Pictures Entertainment, Amy Pascal, announces the studio plans to extend the world of Marc Webb films The Amazing Spider-Man , with several spin-offs on the characters in the universe of Spider-Man, Marc Webb confirming by saying that The Amazing Spider-Man 4 might not focus only on Spider-Man ^{[ 203 ]} . In December 2013 , Sony announces the films on Venom and the sinister six. IGN immediately compared to Marvel films, describing this choice of extended universe as an “effect Avengers » ^{[ 213 ]} . Sony makes a different choice from Marvel and the Fox by extending the universe by films centered on the adversaries of Spider-Man ^{[ 190 ]} .

In February 2015 , after the bad reception of The Amazing Spider-Man 2 By fans and email leak between Sony Pictures and Marvel Studios, the two studios announce that the Spider-Man franchise would be reworked again, with a new film co-produced by Feige and Pascal for an release July 28, 2017 , allowing the character to be fully integrated into the MCU after an appearance in Captain America : Civil War . Sony Pictures will continue to finance, distribute and participate in the artistic direction of films Spider-Man ^{[ 35 ]} . The consequences of The Amazing Spider-Man: The fate of a hero are then canceled, only spin-off films on the sinister six, Venom and female characters are still in production, without the participation of Feige ^{[ 214 ]} .

In August 2019 , while Spider-Man: Far From Home has become the biggest success in theaters of a film produced by Sony Pictures, the renegotiations of the agreement between Marvel Studios and Sony fail, the first wishing to return to the share of income generated by Spider-Man films and pass it from 5% to 50%. Consequently, it is announced that Marvel Studios would no longer be a producer of Spider-Man films in the future, two films being still planned and Tom Holland being still under contract for a film ^{[ 215 ] , [ 216 ]} . A new agreement is found in September 2019 and the third film centered on Spider-Man with Tom Holland in the role is announced for July 2021 , part of the MCU, the character also having to appear in another film of the shared universe.

Since the arrival of the multiverse, characters from Marvel films not produced and distributed by Marvel Studios appear in the cinematographic universe.

With the film Spider-Man : No Way Home , the characters of the previous two sagas on Spider-Man rub shoulders with those of the Marvel universe. Alfred Molina, Jamie Foxx, Willem Dafoe, Rhys Ifans and Thomas Haden Church take over their respective roles from Doctor Octopus, Electro, Green Bouffon, Lizard and Man-Sable, becoming the main antagonists of the film.

Long kept in silence by the production and the actors concerned, Tobey Maguire and Andrew Garfield are making a comeback in their roles of Spider-Man, which appeared respectively in the saga of Sam Raimi and that of Marc Webb, thus forming a trio with that of The current saga, embodied by Tom Holland. Finally, Tom Hardy makes an appearance in the first post-generic scene, as Venom, a role he held in the films Venom And Venom : Let There Be Carnage . The post-generic scene of Spider-Man : No Way Home with Tom Hardy follows that of Venom : Let There Be Carnage . With the introduction of multiverse, Marvel Studios and Sony Pictures allowed themselves to connect their respective universes, the Marvel cinematographic universe and the Sony’s Spider-Man Universe (SSU). Thus, if each of the studios films exist in their own universe, they share the same multiverse ^{[ 217 ]} . The reverse occurs in the post-generic scene of Morbius where the character of the vulture, embodied by Michael Keaton in Spider-Man : Homecoming , arrives in the universe of Sony, following the fate of Doctor Strange in Spider-Man : No Way Home .

The multiverse does not always bring back the characters as we know them in the previous productions. Thus, if Patrick Stewart took over the role of Professor Xavier in Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness , he plays an alternative version of the character who appeared in the saga X-Men of the 20th Century Studios.

List of films

French title	Original title	Achievement	Script	Production	Distribution	Release date
Films linked to the Marvel cinematic universe
Spider-Man		Sam raimi	David coepp	Laura Ziskin et Ian Bryce	Columbia TriStar Films	May 3, 2002 June 12, 2002
Spider-Man 2			Alvin Sargent	Laura Ziskin and Avi Arad		June 30, 2004 July 14, 2004
Spider-Man 3			Alvin Sargent, Ivan Raimi et Sam Raimi	Avi Arad, Laura Ziskin et Grant Curtis		May 4, 2007 first is May 2007
The Amazing Spider-Man		Marc Webb	Alvin Sargent, Steve Kloves et James Vanderbilt	Avi Arrad, Laura Ziskin Et Matt TromMic	Columbia Pictures	July 3, 2012 July 4, 2012
The Amazing Spider-Man: The fate of a hero	The Amazing Spider-Man 2		Alex Kurtzman, Roberto Orci et Jeff Pinkner	Avi Arad and Matt Tolmach		May 2, 2014 April 30, 2014
Deadpool		Tim Miller	Rhett Reese et Paul Wernick	Lauren Shuler Don, Ryan Reynolds and Simon Kinberg	20th Century Studios	February 12, 2016 February 10, 2016
Deadpool 2		David Leitch	Rhett Reese, Paul Wernick et Ryan Reynolds			May 18, 2018 May 16, 2018
Venom		Ruben Fleischer	Kelly Marcel, Jeff Pinkner et Scott Rosenberg	Ave Arad, Amy Pascal t Matt Tolmach	Columbia Pictures	October 5, 2018 October 10, 2018
Venom : Let There Be Carnage		Andy Serkis	Kelly Marcel			first is October 2021 October 20, 2021
Morbius		Daniel Espinosa	Matt Sazama et burk shards	Avi Arad, Lucas Foster and Matt Tolmach		30 mars 2022 first is April 2022

Avengers Campus [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

After the acquisition by Disney in 2009, Marvel films began to be marketed in the attraction Innoventions From Tomorrowland to Disneyland. For Iron Man 3 , the exhibition entitled Iron Man Tech Presented by Stark Industries Presents the same armor screen that was presented at San Diego Comic-Con 2012, with the Marks I-VII and the new Mark XLII. In addition, there is a simulation game, entitled Become Iron Man , which uses Kinect -type technology to allow the spectator to be wrapped in an animated armor Mark XLII and to participate in a series of tests in which the visitor pulls repellents and flies in the workshop of Tony Stark. The game is guided by Jarvis, who is again interpreted by Paul Bettany. The exhibition also presents smaller screens including helmets and pieces of armor from the previous films, as well as the glove and the shoe of an action sequence in Iron Man 3 ^{[ 218 ]} . The exhibition for Thor: The world of darkness bears the name of Thor: Asgard treasures , and presents Asgardian relics before transporting visitors to the Odin throne room, where they are welcomed by Thor.

From May to September 2017 , Disneyland Resort presented the Summer of Heroes , who sees members of the guards of the galaxy and the Avengers making appearances throughout the park. In addition, the event Guardians of the Galaxy: Awesome Dance Off was presented, involving Peter Quill / Star-Lord broadcasting music from his Boombox, as well as Avengers Training Initiative , an experience where Black Widow and Hawkeye form a group of young recruits to see if they have what it takes to be an Avengers ^{[ 219 ]} .

In mars 2018 The Walt Disney Company announced three new Marvel thematic areas inspired by MCU in Disney California Adventure, at the Walt Disney Studios park and Hong Kong Disneyland. The attractions will be designed by Walt Disney Imagineering in collaboration with Marvel Studios and Marvel Themed Entertainment ^{[ 220 ]} .

Hong Kong Disneyland [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The version in Hong Kong Disneyland was announced in 2016, as part of the fleeting plan. It takes up a part of Tomorrowland and is called Stark Expo , and no Avengers Campus Like the other two lands Marvel. In Stark Expo , visitors are invited to join the superheroes in their battles through three attractions:

• Iron Man Experience , a 3D attraction of movements like Star Tours in Tomorrowland in Hong Kong Disneyland, which opened the January 11, 2017 . The attraction is based on the character of Marvel Comics Iron Man, becoming the first Disney attraction to be based on a Marvel property. On the set of Stark Expo fiction, Tony Stark recruits guests to repel the extraterrestrials who attack Hong Kong.
• Ant-Man and the Wasp: Nano Battle ! : This is an interactive attraction on the theme of Ant-Man and the wasp, replacing and operating on the same principle as Buzz Lightyear Astro Blasters.
• Attraction Avengers Quinjet (provisional name) : This attraction will not open at the same time as the land, it is planned in a second phase. As a result, little information has been revealed about it. It is planned for 2023 in Hong Kong.

Disney California Adventure [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

This version of Avengers Campus Resumes the location formerly occupied by A Bug’s Land until 2018 and is themized as the American headquarters of Avengers. The area includes Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout! as well as the new attraction Web Slingers: A Spider-Man Adventure At first, then then a new additional attraction will be added. A plan of the area was presented on the site wdwnt.com August 8, 2019. The Land should have opened the July 18, 2020 But the opening date has been postponed due to the COVVI-19 pandemic. Just like for Hong Kong Disneyland, the area includes three attractions:

• Guardians of the Galaxy – Mission: Breakout! , an attraction of the scenic course and falling tower. Officially open on May 27, 2017, attraction is a rethematized version of the traditional The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror . Instead of being inspired by the series The fourth dimension , it is based on the world of guards of the galaxy.
• Web Slinger: A Spider-Man Adventure offers an open day in the premises of W.E.B. (Worldwide Ingneering Brigade), a company created by Tony Stark, where some of their new creations are exhibited. Among these inventions are Spider-Bots: robotic spiders designed to build everything a superhero may need. However, something ends up getting out of the way: the Spider-Bots are unleashed and reply at an alarming pace. The open day is therefore suddenly transformed into a mission: Spider-Man will then request the help of visitors to catch them. In this attraction, visitors wear 3D glasses and stretch their hands to launch spiders like Spider-Man, thanks to a technology that detects movements. The objective of this attraction is to receive a maximum of targets present on the Spider-Bots, which also have values ​​of different points according to their colors (blue, green and gold). A public display board allows teams to know the best daily, weekly and monthly attraction scores.
• Attraction Avengers Quinjet (provisional name) : This attraction will not open at the same time as the land, it is planned in a second phase. As a result, little information has been revealed about it.

Parc Walt Disney Studios [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

L’ Avengers Campus resume the location of Backlot And is therefore located at the bottom left of the park. Backlot was of summary scripting and had to represent what really like movie studios today (large buildings with simple shapes allowing shootings). This land was therefore more functional than aesthetic in the history of the park. I’ Avengers Campus From Walt Disney Studios is the theme of the Marvel universe. Like the other two Lands Avengers present in the world, it is part of a global and interconnected history on the Avengers. The area also includes three attractions:

• Stark’s Test I.A Coaster is a redesign of attraction Rock ‘n’ Roller Coaster : So it is always a closed roller coaster circuit. It is completely redesigned as a high -speed adventure, in which visitors team up with Iron Man. However, the route of the roller coasters is preserved from rethematization, while the origins of the origins are preserved but remitted.
• Web Slingers: A Spider-Man Adventure is located instead of Armageddon: special effects . It offers an open day in the premises of W.E.B. (Worldwide Ingneering Brigade), a company created by Tony Stark, where some of their new creations will be exhibited. Among these inventions we will find the Spider-Bots: robotic spiders designed to build everything a superhero might need. However, something ends up getting out of the way: the spider-bottles are unleashed and reply at an alarming pace. The open day is therefore suddenly transformed into a mission: Spider-Man will then request the help of visitors to catch them. In this attraction, visitors wear 3D glasses and stretch their hands to launch spiders like Spider-Man, thanks to a technology that detects movements. The objective of this attraction is to receive a maximum of targets present on the Spider-Bots, which also have values ​​of different points according to their colors (blue, green and gold). A public display board allows teams to know the best daily, weekly and monthly attraction scores.
• “Mission Control” Heroic Encounter Facility (name pending formalization) is located next to Stark’s Test I.A Coaster , instead of the garage of Engines, action! . He proposes to meet characters from the Marvel universe.

Film chronology ^{[ 221 ]}

(For the sake of simplicity, television series are not taken into account.)

Television chronology

(For the sake of simplicity, films are not taken into account.)

The Marvel Netflix (Daredevil, Punisher, Jessica Jones, Luke Cage, Iron Fist, Defenders) and Marvel Hulu (Runaways, Cloack and Dagger) series are not part of the cannon of the Marvel cinematographic universe because they present inconsistencies. The Disney+ series as well as Agent Carter and Marvel: SHIELD agents are the only series to be canon in the Marvel cinematographic universe.

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References [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

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• Jean-Christophe Detrain, Behind the scenes of the Marvel Cinematic Universe , Third Éditions, coll. Force, 2017, first ^re ed. , 198 p. , paperback, 17 × 24 cm (ISBN  979-1094723715 )
• (in) Julian C. Chambliss ( you. ), William L. Svitavsky ( you. ), Daniel Fanino ( you. ) et al. , Assembling the Marvel Cinematic Universe : Essays on the Social, Cultural and Geopolitical Domains , Jefferson, McFarland & Company, 2018 , 262 p. (ISBN  978-1-4766-3285-8 , Online presentation )
• (in) Matthew J. Mcenry ( you. ), Robert Moses Peaslee ( you. ) and Robert G. Weiner ( you. ), Marvel Comics into Film : Essays on Adaptations Since the 1940s , Jefferson (Caroline du Nord), McFarland & Company, 2016 , 280 p. (ISBN  978-0-7864-4304-8 , Online presentation ) .
• (in) Alisa perren it gregory stride, The American Comic Book Industry and Hollywood , British Film Institute, coll.  « International Screen Industries », 2021 , 264 p. (ISBN  978-1-84457-942-6 And 978-1-84457-941-9 , Online presentation ) .

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