Ministry of the Interior (France) – Wikipedia

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The Ministry of the Interior is the Ministry of the French Government traditionally responsible for internal security, territory administration and public freedoms.
Since its creation, the Ministry of the Interior has been at the heart of the French administration: it provides throughout the territory the maintenance and cohesion of the institutions of the country. From , the Ministry of the Interior is the Ministry of worship [ 3 ] . Its organization, its human and material resources constitute the privileged tool of the State to guarantee citizens the exercise of rights, duties and freedoms reaffirmed by the constitution of the IN It is Republic.

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Installed at the Beauvau hotel, in the 8 It is Arrondissement of Paris, a few steps from the Palais de l’Elysée, he is nicknamed, by metonymy, “Place Beauvau”.

The current Minister of the Interior is Gérald Darmanin, who performs the function since the . Following an interministerial reshuffle which occurred in 2022, the overseas ministry is now attached to the Interior Ministry [ 4 ] , thus becoming the Ministry of the Interior and Overseas .

The portal of the Beauvau hotel.

The entry of the ministry, from rue des Saussaies.

At the end of the Old Regime, the King’s House department was sometimes already called “Interior Department” [ 5 ] , but the Ministry of the Interior is officially created at the time of the French Revolution, the , when François-Emmanuel Guignard de Saint-Priest, secretary of state at the King’s house, receives the new title of “Minister of the Interior” [ 6 ] . Since then, there has always been an Interior Ministry, except for the few years when the ministries have been deleted.

From the start, the ministry was responsible, as its name suggests, of the administration of the interior of the country, attributions which previously already partly part of the Secretary of State at the King’s House. The ministry therefore became interested in relations with departments and municipalities, elections, but also in economic issues, such as agriculture and trade.

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The Ministry of the Interior was also responsible for the police, except from 1796 to 1818, where there was, with some periods of interruption, a police ministry.

At the beginning of XIX It is A century, the ministry had a very large area of ​​competence, which was later reduced with the creation of other ministries. From the Empire were created, in addition to the Ministry of Police, a ministry of worship (1804) and a ministry of manufacturing and trade (1811) [ 7 ] . These ministries disappear at the start of the restoration, but in 1824 the Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs and Public Instruction was created [ 8 ] . The ministry then definitively loses most of its powers relating to public education; As for cults, this wallet is often, throughout the XIX It is century, entrusted in addition to another minister who happens to be that of the interior. The Ministry of Commerce settled in the institutional landscape in 1831, delighting large sections of the field of activity of the Ministry of the Interior, in particular all economic, assistance or cultural issues. With the order of , the field of the Ministry of the Interior is reduced to the affairs of printing and bookstore (censorship in particular), elections and firefighters, while it loses the municipal and departmental organization, the staff of the prefectures and the national guards transferred to the Ministry of Commerce [ 9 ] . The same order attributes major higher education establishments to the Ministry of Public Education, as well as the Institute, learned companies and public libraries. A year and a half later, by the order of the , the Ministry of the Interior finds the general and territorial administration, the staff of the prefectures, the national guards, but also the public works, the bridges and roads, as well as the fine arts, the theater and the archives of the kingdom, which returned to public education in 1838. On the other hand the supervision on the departmental, municipal and hospital archives remained at the Ministry of the Interior until 1884.

The Ministry of the Interior loses other powers at the start of XX It is century. In 1906, the creation of the Ministry of Labor and Social Provident withdrew the control of the mutual movement inside [ ten ] . In 1911, the management of the prison administration, with prisons, left the interior for the Ministry of Justice [ 11 ] . On the other hand, the final abolition of the Ministry of Cults in 1912 led to the allocation of its domain to the Ministry of the Interior [ twelfth ] , [ 13 ] . In 1920, the Ministry of Hygiene, Public Assistance and Social Provision appeared, future Ministry of Health, which withdraws inside all questions in public health and social assistance [ 14 ] . From this date, the powers of the ministry are quite stable, except that overseas, which traditionally was a “ministry of the colonies”, is more often entrusted to the interior department, or is delegated to him from the 1970s.

In 2007, the General Secretariat of the Ministry of Immigration brought together services transferred for several ministries: those of the Interior, Foreign Affairs, Social Affairs and the Economy and Finance [ 15 ] . In November 2010, the General Secretariat for Immigration and Integration was maintained, under the authority of the Minister of the Interior, Overseas, Local Authorities and Immigration [ 16 ] , before being removed in 2013, replaced by the Directorate General of Foreigners in France of the Ministry of the Interior [ 17 ] .

In 2009, “the national gendarmerie was placed under the authority of the Minister of the Interior [ 18 ] For his civil missions while remaining under that of the Minister of Defense for the exercise of his military missions.

The Ministry of the Interior knows throughout its history various establishments, notably in the big and the small hotel in Villars at the start of XIX It is century (today respectively town hall of VII It is Arrondissement and college section of the Paul Claudel-d’Hulst establishment), then at the Hôtel de Rothelin-Charolais (current government spokesperson) before being definitively assigned to the Beauvau hotel in 1861. In 2016 in 2016 , a new building on rue des Pyrénées, “Le Garance”, designed by Brigitte Métra is inaugurated and welcomes several services from the ministry [ 19 ] , [ 20 ] .

Visual identity (logotype) [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The ministry’s logotype varies regularly according to changes in denominations. The logotype systematically follows the rules and principles of the graphic charter of government communication in France with the system of the “brand block”.

  • Logo du Ministère de l'Intérieur, de la Sécurité intérieure et des Libertés locales de 2002 à 2005

    Logo you Ministry of the Interior, Internal Security and Local Liberties From 2002 to 2005

  • Logo du Ministère de l'Intérieur et de l'Aménagement du territoire de 2005 à 2007

    Logo you Ministry of the Interior and Regional Planning From 2005 to 2007

  • Logo du Ministère de l'Intérieur, de l'Outre-mer et des Collectivités territoriales de 2007 à 2010

    Logo you Ministry of the Interior, Overseas and local authorities From 2007 to 2010

  • Logo du Ministère de l'Intérieur, de l'Outre-mer, des Collectivités territoriales et de l'Immigration de 2010 à 2012

    Logo you Ministry of the Interior, Overseas, local authorities and immigration From 2010 to 2012

  • Logo du Ministère de l'Intérieur de 2012 à 2020

    Logo you Ministry of the Interior from 2012 to 2020

  • Logo du Ministère de l'Intérieur de 2020 à 2022

    Logo you Ministry of the Interior from 2020 to 2022

  • Logo du Ministère de l'Intérieur et des Outre-mer depuis 2022

    Logo you Ministry of the Interior and Overseas Since 2022

The Minister of the Interior prepares and implements government policy in terms of internal security, public freedoms, territorial administration of the State, immigration and asylum, road safety. Without prejudice to the attributions of the Keeper of the Seals, Minister of Justice, he prepares and implements, within the limits of his powers, the government’s policy in matters of access to French nationality. Without prejudice to the attributions of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, he is responsible for the organization of elections. He is also responsible for coordinating the prevention of delinquency and fighting drug trafficking [ 21 ] .

Up to , the Minister of the Interior prepares and implements government policy with regard to local authorities.

The powers of the ministry are very varied, including the management of climatic events [ 22 ] Relations with the authorities representative of religions present in France and the application of the law of separation of churches and the State in matters of cults of cults [ 23 ] .

Like the other French ministries, the Ministry of the Interior is divided into a central administration located in Paris and a territorial administration present throughout the national territory.

Minister [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

In the Élisabeth Borne government, Gérald Darmanin is Minister of the Interior.

Since its foundation, the Ministry of the Interior has experienced many more or less significant holders, such as Jacques Chirac (who made a short passage in 1974, shortly before the death of President Georges Pompidou), Michel Poniatowski, Gaston Defferre (at the ‘Origin of contemporary decentralization laws), Pierre Joxe, Charles Pasqua, Jean-Pierre Chevènement, Nicolas Sarkozy and Manuel Valls. Michèle Alliot-Marie is the first woman to occupy this sovereign post.

Administration centrale [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

According to the 2013 organizational decree, the central administration of the ministry includes [ 24 ] :

The Minister has authority over these various services, he also has the General Inspectorate of the Administration and the Superior Council of the Territorial Administration of the State [ 25 ] .

However, within the Jean Castex government, the general management of overseas is placed under the authority of the Minister of Overseas [ 26 ] and the General Directorate of Local Communities is placed under the authority of the Minister of Territorial Cohesion and Relations with Territorial Collectivities [ 27 ] .

General Directorate of the National Police [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The national police fall under the authority of the Minister of the Interior, subject to the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure relating to the exercise of the judicial police [ 28 ] .

General Directorate of the National Gendarmerie [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The national gendarmerie is an armed force instituted to ensure the execution of laws. The judicial police constitutes one of its essential missions. The national gendarmerie is intended to ensure public security and public order, particularly in rural and peri -urban areas, as well as on communication channels [ 29 ] .

Without prejudice to the powers of the judicial authority for the exercise of its judicial missions and that of the Minister of Defense for the execution of its military missions, the national gendarmerie is placed under the authority of the Minister of the Interior, Responsible for its organization, management, employment and military infrastructure that is necessary for it [ 30 ] .

General Directorate of Internal Security [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The Directorate General of Internal Security, created in 2014, is responsible, throughout French territory, for seeking, centralizing and exploiting intelligence concerning national security or the fundamental interests of the nation. In its fields of jurisdiction, it contributes to the exercise of judicial police missions [ thirty first ] .

General Directorate of Foreigners in France [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The general management of foreigners in France is responsible for the design and implementation of public policies concerning immigration, legal or illegal; The reception and acquisition and withdrawal of French nationality and questions of asylum law.

general Secretariat [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The General Secretariat, managed by the Secretary General and High Defense official of the Ministry, is responsible for supporting the other services of the ministry, either via administrative missions (budget, human resources, real estate, legal advice …), or via transversal missions and to ensure the supervision of public administrative establishments (EPA). It consists of directions and services [ 33 ] :

  • the Directorate of Modernization and Territorial Action;
  • the Directorate of Public Liberties and Legal Affairs (DLPAJ);
  • Human Resources Management ;
  • the Directorate of Performance Evaluation, and Financial and Real Estate Affairs;
  • La direction du numérique (dnum);
  • the senior defense official service;
  • the information and communication delegation;
  • the ministerial governance mission of information and communication systems.

The Service at National Competence Institute of High Studies of the Ministry of the Interior is attached to the Secretary General [ 34 ] .

Administration territoriale [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

To carry out the missions incumbent upon it, the Ministry of the Interior is based on a network of prefectures (region or department) and sub-prefectures throughout French territory. We also find all police officers, gendarmerie brigades, civil security bases, etc.

The staff of the Interior Ministry are important: around 292,000 agents of all statutes in 2017.

State officials, contractual agents, state workers and soldiers dependent on the Directorate General for Civil Security and Defense work together.

They are distributed as well [When ?] [Ref. necessary] :

  • central administration: 6,000 civil servants;
  • territorial administration: 25,000 civil servants, assigned to prefectures and sub-prefectures, belonging to the national body of prefectures, created in 1941; the workforce of the prefects (approximately 200 agents ) and those of the sub-prefects (about 550 people ) are not counted in this count;
  • Effective forces: 258,000 men and women [ 35 ]
    • National Police: 146,000 operational civil servants and 12,000 support staff (administrative, technical and scientific);
    • The national gendarmerie: 98,000 soldiers, including around 8,000 belonging to the support corps and 2,000 civilian agents;
  • Civil security: 1,300 civil servants and 1,700 soldiers being part of the units of intervention and instruction of civil security (U.I.I.S.C).
  1. ↑ In 2020, the authorizations to engage the credits available to the Minister in the general budget are, according to the decree n O 2019-1493 of December 28, 2019 on the distribution of credits and discovered authorized by law n O 2019-1479 of December 28, 2019 of finance for 2020 :
    • 21 364 764 984 € € For the “Security” mission
    • 2 456 904 059 € € For the mission “General and territorial administration of the State”
    • 1 927 814 330 € € For the mission “immigration, asylum and integration”

  2. ↑ [PDF] Ministry’s 2013 Emptiness On the site www.performance-publique.gouv.fr
  3. ↑ French Republic, ‘ The Ministry of the Interior, Ministry of worship » , on Interieur.gouv.fr (consulted the )
  4. ↑ ‘ The appointment of the government of Elisabeth Borne » , on Gouvernement.fr (consulted the ) .
  5. ↑ Bottle 1993, p. 11
  6. ↑ The Official newspaper of the French Republic uses spelling Ministry of the Interior , without capital letters, unlike the Dictionary of the French Academy .
  7. ↑ Bottle 1993, p. 53
  8. ↑ Bottle 1993, p. 62
  9. ↑ Bottle 1993, p. 69
  10. ↑ Bottle 1993, p. 111
  11. ↑ Bottle 1993, p. 120
  12. ↑ Letter from Brice Hortefeux to Mohamed Moussaoui on the occasion of the entry into the month of Ramadan , consulted the .
  13. ↑ Central Office of worship , consulted the .
  14. ↑ Bottle 1993, p. 119
  15. ↑ Decree n ° 2007-1891 of December 26, 2007 on the organization of the central administration of the Ministry of Immigration, Integration, National Identity and Codéveloppement
  16. ↑ Decree n ° 2010-1444 of November 25, 2010 relating to the powers of the Minister of the Interior, Overseas, local authorities and immigration
  17. ↑ Decree n ° 2013-728 of August 12, 2013 on the organization of the central administration of the Ministry of the Interior and the Overseas Ministry
  18. ↑ Loop n O 2009-971 of August 3, 2009 relating to the national gendarmerie .
  19. ↑ ‘ Inauguration of the Garance building » , on www.interieur.gouv.fr ,
  20. ↑ Aurélien Jouhanneau, ‘ These ministries who abandon the center of Paris » , on Immobilier.lefigaro.fr ,
  21. ↑ Article 1 of Decree n O 2017-1070 of May 24, 2017 relating to the powers of the Minister of the Interior
  22. ↑ ‘ The snow and ice plan in Île-de-France » , on www.interieur.gouv.fr ,
  23. ↑ ‘ Administration and cults » , on Vie-Publique.fr ,
  24. ↑ Decree n O  2013-728, art. 1.
  25. ↑ Decree n O  2013-728, art. 2.
  26. ↑ Decree n O 2017-1084 of May 24, 2017 relating to the powers of the Minister of Overseas
  27. ↑ Decree n O 2017-1075 of May 24, 2017 relating to the powers of the Minister of Territorial Cohesion and Relations with Local Authorities
  28. ↑ Article L411-1 of the internal security code
  29. ↑ Article L421-1 of the internal security code
  30. ↑ Article L421-2 of the internal security code
  31. ↑ Decree n O 2014-445 of April 30, 2014 relating to the missions and the organization of the Directorate General of Internal Security
  32. ↑ ‘ General Directorate of Foreigners in France (DGEF) » , on lansuaire.service-public.fr
  33. ↑ Decree n O  2013-728, art. 3.
  34. ↑ Decree of September 3, 2020 creating the service with national competence called “Institute of Advanced Studies of the Ministry of the Interior”
  35. ↑ Laurent Borredon, ‘ Since 2012, the staff of the police have decreased » , on The world , (consulted the )

On other Wikimedia projects:

Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Bibliography [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

  • Association of the prefectural body and senior officials of the Ministry of the Interior, History of the Interior Ministry from 1790 to the present day , Paris, La Documentation Française, 1993 (ISBN  2-11-002922-6 )
  • Paul Bouteiller (dir.), History of the Interior Ministry – from 1790 to the present day , Paris, La Documentation française, .

external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

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