mori ōgai — Wikipedia

MORI ōgai ( Mori Ogai ^? ) is the pseudonym of Mori Rintarō ( Taro Mori Rin ^? ) , famous Japanese writer of the Meiji era, born February 17, 1862 , in Tsuwano, in the prefecture of Shimane, and died on July 8, 1922 in Tokyo. A prolific author, he leaves many works, including psychological and historical novels, translations of French, English and German Western works, poetry, plays and essays.

Mori ōgai was born in Tsuwano, in the prefecture of Shimane in Japan in 1862 at the end of the Tokugawa Shogunat. Son of a doctor, he studied Chinese classics and Dutch very early on. Later, after the restoration of Meiji, he left to learn German in Tokyo before entering tokyo medical school in 1873 (which in 1877 became the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Tokyo), according to the traces of his father. He took the opportunity to complete his education by reading Japanese and Chinese works ^{[ first ]} .

In 1884, he went to Germany as a scholarship holder of the Ministry of the Armed Forces. There, he worked for four years in the renowned laboratories in Berlin where he continued his research on prophylaxis. At the same time, he discovered Western society and his works: Sophocle, haulvy, dante, gehart hauptmann ^{[ Ref. desired]} , but also painting and theater ^{[ first ]} .

In 1888, he returned to Japan and, impressed by his experience, decided to establish the foundations of a modern Japanese science. Also, he creates medicine journals and embarked on a stormy debate with the State for his political inertia. On the other hand, eager to introduce Western literature to Japan, it translates and publishes authors such as Calderón, Lessing, Daudet or Hoffmann. His activity does not stop there since he publishes Shōsetsuron ( You novel ) In 1889, a novel intended to present the naturalistic theories of Émile Zola. With friends, he publishes collections of “translated poems” ( Yakushi ), Omokage , 1889 ( Reminiscences ).

A year later, he published under the pseudonym his first novel in classical language: The dancer ( Maihime ), where the hero describes his discovery of Berlin ^{[ first ]} .

During the Sino -Japanese war (1894 – 1905) and the Russian -Japanese war (1904 – 1905), Mori ōgai undergoes the consequences of a policy of censorship. However, he does not remain inactive, because he takes advantage of it to perfect his style which becomes more modern, but also studies the works of Clausewitz and Machiavelli. At the same time, it translates The improviser of Andersen (under the title Sokkyō shijin , 1892-1901) who had great success in Japan. In addition, he wonders about the development of his country, the emerging social discomfort due to the wave of accelerated industrialization and the place of the individual within society.

In 1890, he published a new literary newspaper which opposed his ancient ideas on naturalism (in the Japanese sense of the term), Subaru (literally: the pleiades), then published in modern language, until 1912, many stories: Hannichi (literally: half-day), The young man ( His ), Fushinchū (literally: under construction), Hanako , Wild goose ( Both ). He also writes plays and translated Strindberg, Schnitzler and especially Henrik Ibsen.

MORI ōgai EN Uniforme Militaire.

However, again and again, Mori ōgai is threatened by the policy of censorship, because the government sees in Western ideas the cause of the problems of Japan. The emerging socialist organizations are repressed. Mori ōgai, whose 1909 novel, Sexual life ( Wita Sekusuarisu ), has just been brutally censored a month after its publication, defended freedom of thought, by publishing in 1910 in particular Chinmoku no tō (literally: the tower of silence).

From 1910, the writings of Mori ōgai became philosophical or historical: Chimeras ( Mōsō , 1910), Ka no yō ni (literally: as if) in 1911, LE Testement D’Okitsu Yagoemon ( Okitsu Yagoemon NO ISHO , 1912), KANZAN JITTOKU (1916). In parallel, he continued his work of translation with Faust , Macbeth , but also Rilke and Richard Dehmel.

From 1912 to 1916, he embarked on the historical story, a genus in which he excelled as the novel proves Intendant Sanshô ( Sanshō Dayū , 1913-1915) or the news The takasebone ( Takasebune , 1916). In 1916, he left the army, and became a senior official at the Imperial House agency in 1917 where he accumulated the roles of director of the museum and the library ^{[ first ]} . In Shibue chūsai (1916), Isawa rank (1917), Hōjō Katei (1917-1918), his last three works, focus on the fate of three doctors, Shibue chūsai (1916), Isawa rank (1917), Hōjō Katei (1917-1918), where he highlighted the ethics of intellectual circles during the Edo period.

Handwritten sheet of “Shibue Chusai”, 1916.

He died on July 9, 1922, at the age of 60, following tuberculosis and renal atrophy ^{[ first ]} .

His younger sister, Koganei Kimiko, essayist and poet, was the wife of anthropologist Koganei Yoshikiyo.

• 1890: The dancer (舞姫), Nouvelle Traduite couple Jean-Jacques Tschudin, Editions du Rocher (Collection «Nouvelle»), 2006.
• 1909: Vita Sexualis or Professor Kanai Shizuka (Ta Sex Aris), Roman Traduit Par Amina Okada, Gallimard (Collection «Connaissance de L’Orient»), 1981 (Rédition 1988).
• 1909, 1914, 1916: Chaos (chaos), Saffron (saffron), An empty cart (Empty car), dans One hundred years of thought in Japan (Volume 1), Essays translated by Emmanuel Lozerand, Editions Philippe Picquier, 1996.
• 1910: The young man (青年), novel translated by Élisabeth Suetsugu, Editions du Rocher (Collection “Japanese series”), 2006.
• 1910-1911: Chimeras (five texts: Chimeras , Delusion; Exorcism , Tsuina ; Hanako , Hanako; The snake , snake ; One hundred stories , Anna), translated par Ryôjica and René de Ceccache, 2002.
• 1911: Wild goose (雁), novel translated by Reiko Vergnerie, pof (“d’Atores Pays” collection), 1987; Cambourakis, 2014.
• 1912: LE Testement D’Okitsu Yagoemon (The will of Okitsu Yaemon), Dans Nuts the lemon fly and ten other stories from the Taishô era , new translated by Jacqueline Pigeot, the Calligraph-Picquier, 1986 (Reissue Philippe Picquier, 1991); Anthology of Japanese news volume I – 1910-1926 The nuts The lemon flush , Picquier Poche, 1999.
• 1913-1915: Revenge on the plain of the Goji-in Temple and other historical stories (five texts: Revenge on the plain of the Goji-in Temple , Gojin-ga-Hara no katakiuchi ; MADAME YASUI , Mrs. Yasui; Yu xuanji , GYO GENKI ; The little old people , Grandmother’s grandmother; The last words , The last phrase), Traduit Par Emmanuel Lozerand, Les Belles Lettres, 2008.
• 1914: L’Ance de Sakai (Sakai Incident), Dans Anthology of contemporary Japanese news (Volume I), new translated by Jean Cholley, Gallimard (collection “Du Monde”), 1986.
• 1915 and 1913: Intendant Sanshô (Daio Sansho), Suivi de The ABE clan (阿部 一族), New translated by Corinne Atlan, Editions Philippe Picquier, 1990.
• 1916: The takasebone (Takase boat), Dans Japan and Far East n ° 11-12 (p. 293-309), translated by Moïse Haguenauer, November- December 1924 (taken up in Chosen Studies by Charles Haguenauer – Volume II: Japan – Studies of religion, history and literature (p. 386-402), E. J. Brill, 1977).

• 1930: Takasebune ( Takase boat ^? ) , Japanese film directed by Yasaku Busshōji, adaptation of the new The takasebone
• 1938: The ABE clan ( Abe clan , Abe Ichizoku ^? ) Directed by Hisatora Kumagai, adaptation of the new The ABE clan
• 1953: Wild goose ( Geese , Both ^? ) , Japanese film directed by Shirō Toyoda, adaptation of the novel Wild goose , AVEC HIDEKO TAKAMINE, HIROSHI AKUTAGAWA et EIJIRō Tōno
• 1954: L’NTENDANT SANSHO ( Daisho Sansho , Sanshō dayū ^? ) , Japanese film directed by Kenji Mizoguchi, adaptation of the novel Homonym, with Kinuyo Tanaka, Kyōko Kagawa and Eitarō Shindō
• 1966: Both ( Geese ^? ) , Japanese film directed by Kazuo Ikehiro, with Ayako Wakao
• 1988: Takasebune ( Takase boat ^? ) , Japanese film directed by Eiichi Kudō
• 1989: Maihime ( Dancing princess ^? ) , Japanese film directed by Masahiro Shinoda, adaptation of The dancer , with Hiromi Go
• 1995: Abe Clan ( Abe clan , Abe Ichizoku ^? ) , Téléfilm de Kinji Fukasaku
• 2004: NONKI NA NEESAN ( Nominent sister ^? ) , Japanese film directed by Kei Shichiri

Buste de Mori ōgai à Son Ancien Domicile.

Mori Ogaï is the main character of 3 ^{It is} volumes from saga Au temps from Botchan , MANGA DE JIRO Taniguchi Sur Un Scénario de natsuo Sekikawa (and) (Edition of the Seuil). This manga retraces the birth of a new Japan on the ashes of the Meiji era through the life of intellectuals of that time: Natsume Soseki (Vol 1 & 5), Takuboku Ishikawa (Vol 2), Mori Ogaï (Vol 3 ) and Shusui Kotoku (flight 4) among others.

DANS AND SEINENANGANGANG MANGO STRAY DOGS , Mori Ögai is the name of the boss of the port mafia. This series indeed appoints its main characters according to famous writers, like Francis Scott Fitzgerald, Osamu Dazai, Fyodor Dostoyevski, Nikolai Gogol or Mark Twain.

• Notes in generalist dictionaries or encyclopedias :
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