Nehalem – Wikipedia

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Microarchitecture Nehalem

General informations
Production November 11, 2008
Maker Intel
Performances
Frequency 1.06 GHz at 3.33 GHz
Cache size
Level 1 64 kb per heart
Level 2 256 kb per heart
Level 3 4 Mb at 24 MB shared
Physical specifications
Engraving finesse 45 nm
Heart 2-6
Socket(s)
Architecture et classification
Architecture x86
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Core Sandy Bridge

modifier Consultez la documentation du modèle

La microarchitecture Nehalem is an Intel microarchitecture, used by Nehalem families [ first ] a westmere [ 2 ] . It succeeds Core, compared to which it brings several major changes, such as the integration of the memory controller and the use of a new system and inter-processor data (QPI). Clarkdale variations also incorporate a PCI-Express controller.

The first Nehalem processor was the Core i7 920 released in . The following microarchitecture is Sandy Bridge.

  • Modular multi-heart architecture.
  • Hyperthreading: Each heart can treat two threads simultaneously.
  • 3 levels of cache memory, two of which are dedicated to each heart.
  • Double memory controller or integrated triple channel.
  • Bus system and inter-processor Quickpath Interconnect (similar to the hypertransport bus used by AMD) or DMI.
  • Second level of connection prediction (second level of BTB ( Branch Target Buffer ))
  • Storage of software loops after decoding (previously: before decoding)
  • Macro fusion of 64 -bit instructions (only valid for 32 -bit instructions on core2)
  • Integrated graphics controller (on certain models)
  • Energy management specific to each heart.
  • Native support for virtualization (depending on models) [ 3 ]
  • Instructions SSE4.2

Conception multicœurs [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Nehalem architecture is natively multicose. In addition Intel has announced a modular design to offer variants of this architecture according to the various segments of the market, with more or less hearts, cache memory, system bus and memory controllers.

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Memory controller [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Most modern microprocessors integrate their memory controller, which allows direct exchanges between the RAM and the processor, without going through the chipset.

Interconnexions QuickPath Interconnect [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Some models are connected to the system by a bus called ” QuickPath Interconnect ». It is relatively similar in principle to the hypertransport of its competitor AMD, in order to provide an optimal memory bandwidth while eliminating the bottlenecks as much as possible.

Nehalem is the family of Intel microprocessors who succeeds Penryn, and the first to use the Nehalem Homonym microarchitecture [ first ] .
Nehalem processors are engraved in 45 nm [ first ] .

There are Nehalem processors for all markets: server, workstation, desktop computer, laptop. Nehalem processors are thus found in the Core i7 and Core i5 ranges, the first Nehalem processor having been marketed at 4 It is quarter 2008.

The next intel microprocessor family is Westmere, which constitutes a Shrink die in 32 nm which also brings seven new instructions.

Bloomfield [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The Bloomfield is a high -end microprocessor. It has four hearts, three cache memory levels, and a DDR3 memory controller on 3 channels. He connects to a LGA 1366 socket.

Lynnfield [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The Lynnfield is a mid -range microprocessor. It connects to a LGA 1156 socket. It has 8 My L3 cache, a memory controller capable of managing the DDR3 memory on two channels and a PCI-Express controller.

The first processors Lynnfield were marketed at the end of 2009.

Havendale [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Canceled

The Havendale microprocessor was to be a mid -range microprocessor for desktop computer. It was initially planned for the first half of 2009, then pushed back in the first quarter of 2010, then canceled. Processors using Havendale would have been double heart, would have had a l3 cache of 4 My , an integrated memory controller capable of managing DDR3 memory on two channels, a PCI-Express controller as well as a video controller (the graphic chipset integrated into the motherboard will be integrated into the CPU). They would have connected to a LGA 1156 socket,

Havendale was canceled to make way for the Clarkdale (in the Westmere family) with identical characteristics but engraved in 32 nm [ 4 ] .

Gainestown [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Microprocessor for bi-processor servers.

Beckton [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The Beckton is the XEON MP (for quadri-processor motherboard) declination of Nehalem. It has several Quickpath links for communications between processors, and has 4 or 8 cores depending on the model.

Laptop [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Clarksfield [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The Clarksfield is a high -end laptop processor, scheduled for 2009, it will use the LGA 1156 socket and will be engraved in 45 Nm. It will have 8 For L3 cache, a memory controller capable of managing the DDR3 memory on two channels and a PCI-Express controller.

Auburndale (canceled) [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The Auburndale was to be a mid -range processor for laptop, scheduled for 2009, using the LGA 1156 socket, engraved in 45 nm, with a L3 cache of 4 My , two DDR3 memory controllers, a PCI-Express controller as well as a GPU.

Canceled for the benefit of the Arrandale.

Westmere is the family [ 2 ] Intel microprocessors who succeeds the Nehalem family. The processing process of this family’s processors uses a photolithography whose maximum finesse is 32 nm [ note 1 ] . Westmere thus constitutes the Die Shrink of the Nehalem family in the TIC-TAC strategy of Intel.

This family also brings, compared to Nehalem, seven new instructions specific to AES encryption [ 5 ] .

The family of microprocessors who succeeds Westmere is Sandy Bridge.

Gulftown [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Gulftown processors have six cores, and connect to a LGA 1366 socket. These are high -end processors. They should appear on the market in early 2010.

Clarkdale [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Clarkdale processors have two hearts. They connect to a LGA 1156 socket. These are mid -end processors.

Random [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The Arrandale processors have two cores and are intended for laptops.

Eagleton [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The Eagleton or Westmere-Ex processors are intended for servers and have six to ten cores.

Notes [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

  1. ↑ Clarkdale and Arrandale include a part engraved in 32 nm and another engraved in 45 nm

References [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

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