Nummus — Wikipedia
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Coin (plural moor ) is a Latin word meaning “coin”. It essentially designates a series of coins of low copper value issued by the Roman and Byzantine Empires during late Antiquity.
Around 294, during the tetrarchy, a new bronze coin, weighing ten grams and measuring three centimeters in diameter, appears. His official name is, it seems, coin , but it is known to modern numismats under the name of Follis [ first ] . The term coin is therefore most often reserved for Byzantine parts issued between the IN It is and the VII It is century. These are small, badly struck, weigh less than a gram and constitute the smallest name of the Byzantine currency. Their value is officially first ⁄ 7 200 of a solidus in gold, but more usually exchanged to first ⁄ 6 000 or first ⁄ 12 000 [ first ] . The coin generally carries the profile of the emperor reigning on the obverse and the imperial monogram on the reverse. However, some documents from Justinian I is (527-565) display their value using the Greek figure [ first ] .
In 498, the emperor Anastase I is (491-518) reform currency by introducing multiple of coin , with names of forty moor (also known as Follis ), twenty moor ( semifollis ) and dix coins ( decanummium , Δεκανούμμιον). These parts are also marked with Greek figures: M for the Follis , K for the semifollis and i for the decanummium . On the other hand, the flow of the simple coin is interrupted [ 2 ] . In 513, the weights of these parts were doubled, the pentanummium (Pentanumion, de Cinq moor marked with an e) is created and the coin is no longer struck [ 3 ] .
In 538/539, Justinian modified the Follis To increase its weight to twenty-five grams. It goes to 22.5 g in 541/542 and other reductions followed until the end of the century. At this time, a new piece of thirty moor (Make of a λ or with xxx) is introduced. THE Follis is no longer struck in Constantinople but continues in the Exachat of Carthage until VII It is century [ first ] , [ 4 ] . During the VII It is Century, the various military and financial crises leaded to a reduction in the mass of parts and a loss of quality of the strike of bronze currencies. Under Constant II (641-668), a Follis weighs only three grams. It follows that the denominations lower than semifollis are, in practices, impossible to strike and abandoned [ 5 ] . Subsequently, the term coin remains in notional use to designate a sixth century of solidus and, in familiar language, designates the small currency [ first ] .
- Jean Pierre Callu , “Denier and Coin (300-354)» , In The “devaluations” in Rome. Republican and imperial period. Volume 1. Proceedings of the Rome conference (November 13-15, 1975) , French school of Rome, ( read online ) , p. 107-121
- (in) Philip Grierson , Byzantine coins , Taylor & Francis, , 411 p. (ISBN 978-0-416-71360-2 , read online )
- (in) Philip Grierson , Byzantine coinage , Dumbarton Oaks, , 68 p. (ISBN 978-0-88402-274-9 , read online )
- (in) Michael F. Hendy , Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy c.300–1450 , Cambridge University Press, , 773 p. (ISBN 0-521-24715-2 , read online )
- (in) Alexander Kazhdan ( you. ), Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium , New York et Oxford, Oxford University Press, , first re ed. , 3 tom. (ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6 And 0-19-504652-8 , LCCN 90023208 )
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