Oblast D’Odessa — Wikipedia
L’ oblast d’Odessa (in Ukrainian: Odesa region , Odes’ka oblast ‘ ) is an administrative subdivision in southwest Ukraine. Its capital is the city of Odessa. It has 2.4 million inhabitants in 2021.
In between: creation of the oblast [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
The oblast was created the , within the framework of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Ukraine. Its extent then includes parts of the historic regions of Podolia (to the north) and Yédisan (to the south) which formed, under the Russian Empire, the governments of Podolia and Kherson, and which, during the Russian Civil War, had been under the control of the Soviet Republic of Odessa.
Odessa’s oblast included, in its northwest part, ten raions forming since 1924 a Moldovan autonomous entity in Soviet Ukraine, five of which were removed in 1940 for the benefit of the new Soviet Moldova (they form, Since 1991, the Russian part of Moldova), the other five becoming ordinary races.
Second World War [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
During the Second World War, the Oblast of Odessa was occupied from 1941 to 1944 by the Romanian army under domination of the fascist dictator Ion Antonescu.
During the Cold War [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
Odessa’s oblast was enlarged in 1954 of the Ukrainian oblast neighboring Izmail, formed in 1940 of Boudjak, south of Bessarabia taken to Romania by the USSR according to the German-Soviet and enlarged pact in 1948 Several Romanian islands, the best known of which is the island of snakes in the Black Sea, with its territorial waters [ first ] .
End of the Cold War and independence of Ukraine [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
The , Mikheil Saakachvili, former president of Georgia from 2004 to 2007 and from 2008 to 2013, was appointed governor of Odessa Oblast by Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko [ 2 ] , himself a native of Bolhrad in the Boudjak. He resigns from this function the .
Invasion of Ukraine by Russia [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
The , during the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, Colonel Maxim Martchenko was appointed governor of Odessa Oblast by presidential decree, replacing Serhii Hrynevetskyi [ 3 ] , [ 4 ] .
Odessa’s oblast covers an area of 33,310 km 2 in the south of Ukraine. It is limited to the north by the Oblasts of Vinnytsia and Kirovohrad, to the east by the Oblast of Mykolaïv and by the Black Sea, in the South by Romania and to the west by Moldova.
Most of its territory extends into the plain and pontic steppe (Причорноморська низовина) and its climate is continental except on the coasts of the Black Sea where some maritime attenuations can be manifested. The soils of the region (чернозёы Chernoziom ) are very fertile, and feed a number of local markets thanks to intensive agriculture. The southwest assistant in 1954 has many vines and orchards, while the arable lands cover the rest of the oblast.
The coastline includes sandy beaches and many swipes, the largest of which is that of the Dnister which cuts the oblast in two and which is bypassed north by the Odessa-Reni road and to the south by the railroad, which spans the pass Dnister (дністровсько-царадське гирло [ 5 ] ) thanks to a tilting bridge.
Demography [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
Censuses (*) or population estimates [ 6 ] :
Year | Population | Annual births | Annual death | Annual natural balance | Birth-rate (‰) | Mortality rate (‰) | Natural balance (‰) | Fertility rate |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2 638 200 | 33 166 | 32 583 | 583 | 12.6 | 12.4 | 0.2 | 1.77 |
1991 | 2 635 300 | 32 119 | 35 339 | -3 220 | 12.2 | 13.4 | -1.2 | 1.73 |
1992 | 2 634 500 | 30 155 | 35 224 | -5 069 | 11.4 | 13.3 | -1.9 | 1.63 |
1993 | 2 639 200 | 28 185 | 36 730 | -8 545 | 10.7 | 13.9 | -3,2 | 1.53 |
1994 | 2 627 600 | 26 197 | 38 401 | -12 204 | 10.0 | 14.7 | -4,7 | 1.43 |
1995 | 2 606 500 | 24 993 | 40 792 | -15 799 | 9.6 | 15.7 | -6,1 | 1.37 |
1996 | 2 586 500 | 23 666 | 39 499 | -15 883 | 9.2 | 15.3 | -6,1 | 1.29 |
1997 | 2 566 800 | 22 491 | 37 345 | -14 854 | 8.8 | 14.6 | -5,8 | 1.23 |
1998 | 2 547 800 | 21 273 | 36 093 | -14 820 | 8.4 | 14.2 | -5,8 | 1.17 |
1999 | 2 528 600 | 19 969 | 35 995 | -16 026 | 7.9 | 14.3 | -6,4 | 1.10 |
2000 | 2 510 400 | 20 042 | 37 891 | -17 849 | 8.0 | 15.2 | -7.2 | 1.11 |
2001 | 2 488 600 | 20 423 | 37 664 | -17 241 | 8.2 | 15.2 | -7.0 | 1.13 |
2002 | 2 469 057 | 21 227 | 38 917 | -17 690 | 8.6 | 15.8 | -7.2 | 1.15 |
2003 | 2 448 187 | 22 326 | 39 407 | -17 081 | 9.2 | 16.2 | -7.0 | 1.21 |
2004 | 2 430 033 | 23 343 | 38 864 | -15 521 | 9.6 | 16.0 | -6,4 | 1.27 |
2005 | 2 415 703 | 23 915 | 40 075 | -16 160 | 9.9 | 16.6 | -6,7 | 1.31 |
2006 | 2 402 240 | 25 113 | 39 183 | -14 070 | 10.5 | 16.3 | -5,8 | 1.35 |
2007 | 2 395 467 | 26 759 | 39 183 | -12 076 | 11.2 | 16.2 | -5.0 | 1.42 |
2008 | 2 394 728 | 28 780 | 37 951 | -9 171 | 12.0 | 15.9 | -3,9 | 1.52 |
2009 | 2 392 176 | 28 986 | 35 859 | -6 873 | 12.1 | 15.1 | -3.0 | 1.58 |
2010 | 2 391 022 | 28 690 | 36 144 | -7 454 | 12.0 | 15.1 | -3,1 | 1.58 |
2011 | 2 388 670 | 29 225 | 33 688 | -4 463 | 12.2 | 14.1 | -1.9 | 1.62 |
2012 | 2 388 297 | 30 384 | 33 648 | -3 264 | 12.7 | 14.1 | -1,4 | 1.71 |
two thousand and thirteen | 2 395 160 | 29 075 | 33 523 | -4 448 | 12.1 | 14.0 | -1.9 | 1.65 |
2014 | 2 396 493 | 29 465 | 34 155 | -4 690 | 12.3 | 14.3 | -2.0 | 1.70 |
2015 | 2 396 442 | 27 416 | 34 555 | -7 139 | 11.5 | 14.4 | -2,9 | 1.62 |
2016 | 2 390 289 | 26 417 | 33 570 | -7 153 | 11.1 | 14.1 | -3.0 | 1.59 |
2017 | 2 386 516 | 25 195 | 33 361 | -8 166 | 10.6 | 14.0 | -3,4 | 1.54 |
2018 | 2 383 075 | 23 144 | 33 607 | -10 463 | 9.7 | 14.1 | -4,4 | 1.45 |
Age structure [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
- 0-14 years old: 17.1% (men 208 567/women 195 426)
- 15-64 years old: 67.3% (Men 777 331/Women 818 224)
- 65 years and over: 15.6% (men 129 403/women 240 297) (2019 official)
Median age [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
- total: 39.4 years
- male: 36.7 years
- women: 42.6 years (2019 official)
Nationalities [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
According to the results of the 2001 Ukrainian census, the main nationalities of the Odessa Oblast were as follows:
The other nationalities represent less than 0.3% of the population: Armenians, Roma, Polish, Germans, Georgians, Azéris, Tatars, Greeks, Albanians, Arabs … The population of Boudjak, in the southwest of the oblast, is Composed of 21% of Bulgarians and 13% of Romanians or Moldovans. The Greek minority is concentrated in the city of Odessa.
Cities [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
The agglomeration of Odessa concentrates two-thirds of the population of the Oblast, whose main cities are in 2013 [ 9 ] :
The most important branches of the economic fabric of the Odessa oblast are:
The oblast has eight sea ports:
Climate [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
Month | jan. | feb. | mars | april | May | June | jui. | august | sep. | oct. | nov. | dec. | year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average minimum temperature (° C) | −2,7 | −2,1 | 1.6 | 6.9 | 12.6 | 16.9 | 19.1 | 18.9 | 14 | 8.9 | 3.9 | −0.8 | 8.1 |
Average temperature (° C) | −0,4 | 0.4 | 4.3 | ten | 16.2 | 20.8 | 23.4 | 23.1 | 17.8 | twelfth | 6.3 | 1.5 | 11.3 |
Average maximum temperature (° C) | 2.3 | 3.4 | 7.7 | 13.6 | 20.3 | 25.1 | 27.9 | 27.7 | 21.8 | 15.3 | 9.1 | 4.2 | 14.9 |
Cold record (° C) record date |
−26,2 1940 |
−28 1929 |
−16 1929 |
−5,9 1923 |
0.3 1965 |
5.2 1913 |
7.5 1908 |
7.9 1922 |
−0.8 1906 |
−13.3 1920 |
−14.6 1920 |
−19.6 1895 |
−28 1929 |
Heat record (° C) record date |
15.1 2005 |
19.2 2016 |
24.1 1947 |
29.4 2012 |
33.2 2007 |
37.2 1963 |
39.3 2007 |
38 2010 |
35.4 2018 |
30.5 1928 |
26 1926 |
16.9 2015 |
39.3 2007 |
Sunifying (H) | 63.2 | 91.6 | 142.2 | 199.5 | 292.5 | 307.5 | 332.9 | 313,1 | 234.6 | 164.7 | seventy three | 57.4 | 2 272.2 |
Precipitation (mm) | 43 | 35 | 35 | 28 | 39 | 47 | 45 | 40 | 44 | 37 | 39 | 38 | 470 |
including snow (cm) | 2 | 2 | first | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | first | 6 |
Number of days with precipitation | 9 | 7 | ten | 11 | twelfth | 13 | ten | 8 | 9 | ten | 13 | ten | 122 |
Relative humidity (%) | 83 | 81 | 78 | 74 | 71 | 70 | 66 | 65 | 72 | 77 | 82 | 84 | 75 |
Number of days with snow | 11 | ten | 6 | 0.4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 4 | 9 | 41 |
Number of storm days | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | first | 4 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 2 | first | 0.3 | 0.1 | 27 |
Number of days with fog | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 3 | first | first | 0.3 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 44 |
Climate diagram | |||||||||||
J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D |
Average: • Temp. maxi And mini °C • Precipitation mm |
The oblast has many peculiarities such as Limans, Liman de Sassyk; national parks: Kouialnitskyi National Park, Touzly Limans National Park, Lower Dniesr National Park; The arm of Chilia, Lake Yalpug.
Bibliography [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
- The island of snakes, a very popular black confetti
- Ukraine: the former Georgian president Saakachvili appointed governor of Odessa RFI, 30 May 2015.
- (uk) ‘ About the appointment of M. Marchenko by the head of the Odessa regional state administration » , on president.gov.ua ,
- (in) ‘ Zelensky replaces heads of Odesa, Cherkasy regional state administrations » , Ukrinform , ( read online )
- Dans la dénomination ukrainienne Dniester-Tsaregrad Gill, Littéralement Le “Chenal Du Dnister à Tzaregrad”, Le Nom Tsaregrad Tzaregrad designates Istanbul, the old Constantinople that the Slavic peoples called “city of the Tzar”, that is to say “of the César”: these are the “Césars” of the Roman Empire of the East (from where Ukraine holds its Orthodox Christian religion) also called Basil be “kings”. An important commercial route went through this pass of the Dnister, river and terrestrial route connecting the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea by the Vistula, the San and the Dnister, and by which Amber, skins, pevale transited from the north. , smoked fish, and from the south wine, salt, incense, spices, silks, gems and jewelry.
- (ru) 1959, 1970 and 1979 censuses on www.webge.ru – (in) City Population [first] – (uk) ‘ Ukraine statistics office: population at first is January 2010, 2011 and 2012 » , on database.ukrcensus.gov.ua – ‘ Ukraine statistics office: population at first is January 2011, 2012 and 2013 » , on database.ukrcensus.gov.ua
- (UK+EN) Ukraine public statistics service, The population of Ukraine on January 1, 2021 [“Population present in Ukraine at »] (Statistical publication), kyiv, , 50 p.
- [2]
- ‘ Ukraine statistics office: population at first is January 2013 » , on database.ukrcensus.gov.ua
- (ru) ‘ Main elements (annual and monthly value) Main elements » , Weather and climate (consulted the ) .
- (in) ‘ World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010 » , WMO (consulted the ) .
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