Oghouzes — Wikipédia

THE Oghouzes ( Oghuzes ) were a confederation living north of the Aral Sea in current Kazakhstan. When migrating the Turks to X ^{It is} And XII ^{It is} A centuries, they were part of the Turks of the Caspian Sea region which migrated south and west in the direction of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, not to the east in the direction of Siberia.

They are considered the ancestors of modern Western Turks: Azéris, Turks of Turkey, Turkmens, Kachkaïs, Turks of Khorassan and Gagaouzes (old Turkish: Gök Oğuz : Blue or celestial oghouzes), whose combined workforce exceeds one hundred million.

The oldest written traces known to date of the term Oghouze , which would derive from ok , “Arrow”, and to , “Tribe”, date from VII ^{It is} century, in the inscriptions of the Orkhon in old Turkish (in the form of the tribal union of Six Oguz , “The Six Oghouzes”) on the banks of the Ienisseï river in Mongolia. They indicated that six tribes had integrated and had formed a Turkish tribal union called Oghouze. However, previous sources like those of the Chinese mention a tribe called O-kat and dating from II ^{It is} century of. J.-C. In the Center-Asian region of Tabargatay-Kobdo in a region today straddling East Kazakhstan with Tarbagataï (Tabargatay) with Khovd (Kobdo) in the west of Mongolia and northwest , three regions today inhabited by Kazakh Turks, around Altai.

The name Oghouze could simply be an old plural of ok , arrow (taken in the direction of a tribe), to be compared with the name of the Hungarians ( On Ogur : ten arrows) and that of the neighboring peoples of the ancient Egyptians ( p dj t 9 : the nine arcs). Mongols also use the term SUM (arrow) (or Sumu in inner Mongolia, to designate the smallest administrative subdivisions corresponding to tribes, below banners (Khoshuu (also used under the name of Kozhuun in Touva and formerly ‘Is Kazakhstan) and Aimag leagues which are federations and confederations of these tribes, formalized with the regime of leagues and banners of the Qing dynasty. There are also confederations named Eight Oguz (“The eight oghouzes”) and Nine Oguz (“The Nine Oghouzes”). The cradle of the Oghouzes, like other Turks during the Köktürks period, seems to have been the region of the Altai mountains and southern Siberia.

They were the main leaders of the Köktürks Empire at WE ^{It is} And VII ^{It is} centuries and also established the state of the Yabgu Oghouzes ( yabgu is a princely title), in 750, in Central Asia, which collapsed in the year 1055. They soon founded XI ^{It is} the Seldjouk Empire which was the second Turkish-Muslim empire (the Ghaznevids at the end of the X ^{It is} century were the first Turkish-Muslim princes) in Central Asia and the Middle East.

Of VIII ^{It is} century to XI ^{It is} century, they lived in the region between the Caspian Sea and the Aral Sea in Central Asia. The Arabic historian Ibn Al-Athir (1160-1233) declares that the Oghouzes arrived in this region (La Transoxiane) during the reign of the Al-Mahdi Caliph (775-785). They consisted of twenty-four (or sometimes twenty-two) tribes, whose legend is the following.

The founding chief Oğuz Han ( Oghuz Khan ) had, from a first wife, three sons called Gün (Soleil), Ay (Moon) and Yıldız (star) and, from a second wife, three other sons of the name of Gök (Ciel), Dağ (mountain) and Deniz (sea). Each of these six sons had four sons himself, hence the twenty-four tribes.

Those descending from the three elders are the Bozok or Bozoklar tribes (“Gray arrow”, -lar , -to read is the brand of modern plural), those from the three cadets, the üçok or üçoklar tribes (“three arrows”). Each group of four tribes from one of the six sons has its ten days or totem, a bird of prey; Each tribe has its tamga or seal for marking livestock.

Tribus Bozok :

Tribus Üçok :

Oghouzes literature includes the famous Livre de Dede Korkut (“Book of the grandfather Korkut”) which was the literary work of the year 2000 for UNESCO, as well as the epics Oghuz-nama And Koroglu which are part of the literary history of the Azeris, the Turks of Turkey and the Turkmens. According to Lev Gumilev, in his work entitled 1000 years around the Caspian , the oghouzes were of an anthropological Caucasoid.

The dynasties established in Persia and claiming to be oghouzes include Seljuk, Atabeys, Aq Qoyunlu, Qara Qoyunlu, Séfevids, Afcharides and Qadjars; In Anatolia (Türkiye), the Oghouzes founded the Ottoman Empire.

In particular, the Seljuks ( Selcukogullari in Turkish) are linked to the Kınık, who are the Benjamine tribe of the üçok, while the Ottomans ( Osmenogullar In Turkish) are linked to the Kayı, which are the elder tribe of the Bozok. The Petchenègues are the Pecheneg from Gök Han and the Afcharides claimed Afşar (Word linked to of , hunting) from Yıldız Han. The Qara Qoyunlu said they got off the Yıva, from Deniz Han, and the Aq Qoyunlu of the Bayındır, from Gök Han.

• Jean-Paul Roux, Sacred fauna and flora in altaic societies , ed. Maisonneuve and Larose, 1966.