[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/philippe-dorleans-1838-1894-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/philippe-dorleans-1838-1894-wikipedia\/","headline":"Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans (1838-1894)-Wikipedia","name":"Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans (1838-1894)-Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Louis Philippe Albert of Orleans [ a ] , born in Paris, the August 24, 1838 and died in","datePublished":"2019-07-01","dateModified":"2019-07-01","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/00\/ParisChartres.jpg\/170px-ParisChartres.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/00\/ParisChartres.jpg\/170px-ParisChartres.jpg","height":"221","width":"170"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/philippe-dorleans-1838-1894-wikipedia\/","wordCount":20972,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Louis Philippe Albert of Orleans [ a ] , born in Paris, the August 24, 1838 and died in Stowe House (United Kingdom), the September 8, 1894 , Count of Paris, is the last Royal Prince of France, from 1842 to 1848. A claimant to the throne of France from 1848 to 1873 under the name of Louis Philippe II , then from 1883 to 1894 under that of Philippe VII [ b ] , he is also a writer and fighter during the Civil War.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4At birth, Prince Philippe embodies the vitality of the house of Orleans and receives the title of Count of Paris of his grandfather, the King of the French Louis Philippe I is . Four years later, in 1842, the child lost his father, Ferdinand-Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans, and therefore became the heir to the July monarchy. However, the brand new royal prince is too young to represent stability and to reassure opponents of his grandfather’s politics. Consequently, when the revolution of 1848 broke out, his family was unable to have him proclaimed King of the French and the Second Republic was set up. Then begins a long period of exile which lasted until 1871 and during which the pretender Orleanist hardly tried his boredom. In the early 1860s, Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans went to the United States to engage in the Civil War alongside the Union and, from this experience, he brought back a History of civil war in America . After the fall of the Second Empire in 1870, the Count of Paris returned to France and was involved in political life. In order to strengthen the supporters of a new monarchical restoration, he agreed in 1873 to recognize as head of the Maison de France the Count of Chambord. The latter having no children (but having many agnatic cousins), the Count of Paris claims to be his potential successor if he had to access the throne. However, the combined intransigence of the grandson of Charles X With regard to the white flag and the majority of deputies vis-\u00e0-vis the tricolor flag make it impossible to return from the monarchy. After the death in 1883 of the Count of Chambord, the Count of Paris resumed an important political role and the majority of the monarchists rally to him, although some, like the countess of Chambord, decide to recognize the new elder branch of the Bourbons as a family legitimate royal. But the Republic has had time to strengthen itself and the chances of restoring the monarchy have moved away. In 1886, the vote of a new law of exile forced the Count of Paris and his family to leave the national territory but the prince continued to try to intervene in the affairs of France despite his departure. At each crisis in the country, and especially during the baker and Panama scandal, the Orleans chief hopes to be able to get on the throne. However, each hope of restoration is followed by a new disappointment and the Count of Paris dies in exile in the United Kingdom without ever being able to be king of the French.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4  The Count of Paris is the eldest son of Ferdinand-Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans (1810-1842), Prince Royal of France, and his wife Princess H\u00e9l\u00e8ne de Mecklembourg-Schwerin (1814-1858). By his father, he is the grandson and the heir to the king of the French Louis Philippe I is (1773-1850) and his wife the Queen Marie-Am\u00e9lie des Deux-Sicilles (1782-1866), while, by his mother, he is the great-grandson of the Grand Duke Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric-Fran\u00e7ois I is the mecap-shawl threw (1756-1837).Prince Philippe has the sole brother Robert d’Orl\u00e9ans (1840-1910), Duke of Chartres, whose current members of the Maison d’Orl\u00e9ans are descended on the male line. The May 30, 1864 , Prince Philippe marries in Kingston-sur-Tamise, in the United Kingdom, his germaine cousin the Franco-Spanish Infanta Marie-Isabelle d’Orl\u00e9ans (1848-1919), herself daughter of Antoine d’Orl\u00e9ans (1824 -1890), Duke of Montpensier.         (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The Count of Paris (in profile) and his brother, the Duke of Chartres (from the front). From this union are born 8 children: Marie-Am\u00e9lie (1865-1951) who married the king Charles I is from Portugal (1863-1908); Philippe (1869-1926), Duke of Orleans and pretender to the throne of France under the name of ” Philippe VIII “, Which unites with the archduchess Marie-Doroth\u00e9e de Habsbourg-Lorraine (1867-1932); H\u00e9l\u00e8ne (1871-1951), who married Emmanuel-Philibert de Savoie (1869-1931), Duke of Aosta; Charles Philippe Marie d’Orl\u00e9ans ( January 21, 1875 in Paris 8th – June 8, 1875 in Paris 8th); Isabelle (1878-1961), who married her cousin Jean d’Orl\u00e9ans (1874-1940), Duke of Guise and pretender to the throne of France under the name of ” Jean III ;; Jacques Antoine Marie d’Orl\u00e9ans ( April 5, 1880 to me – January 22, 1881 to me); Louise (1882-1958), who united with Charles de Bourbon-Siciles (1870-1949), prince of the two-siciles and infant from Spain. They are the maternal grandparents of Juan Carlos I is Spain ; Ferdinand (1884-1924), Duke of Montpensier, who married Marie-Isabelle Gonz\u00e1lez de Ola\u00f1eta E Ibarreta (1893-1958), Marquise de Valdeterrazo and Grande d’Espagne. Table of ContentsUnder the July monarchy [ modifier | Modifier and code ] An heir for Orleans [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The death of the Duke of Orleans and its consequences [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The revolution of 1848 [ modifier | Modifier and code ] First exile [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Family quarrels [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Recognize the Duke of Bordeaux? [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Head of the Orleans house [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Engaged in the American Civil War [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Marriage [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Back in France [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The day after Sedan [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Towards the monarchical merger? [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Between hopes of catering and new exile [ modifier | Modifier and code ] A conservative pretender [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The second exile of the pretender [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The Pacte national [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The baker case [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The shine of his son, the “princely prince” [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Between hopes and bitterness [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Official titles [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Courtesy [ modifier | Modifier and code ] French dynastic decorations [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Foreign dynastic decorations [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Notes [ modifier | Modifier and code ] References [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Bibliography [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Books by Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Books on Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans and his family [ modifier | Modifier and code ] General works [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ] external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Under the July monarchy [ modifier | Modifier and code ] An heir for Orleans [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  Fifteen months after his parents’ marriage, Prince Philippe was born on August 24, 1838 In the Marsan Pavilion of the Palais des Tuileries in Paris, the residence of the Royal Family of France, and he is wavy the same day in the chapel of the Tuileries by Hyacinthe-Louis de Qu\u00e9len, Archbishop of Paris [ 3 ] . In order of the royal princess, it is issued to all the children of the two sexes born in Paris on the same day as his son a savings bank book with first a hundred francs [ 3 ] . After having planned to name him “Prince of Algiers”, his grandfather, the King of the French Louis Philippe I is , resuscitates for him the title of Count of Paris, brought to the IX It is century by the king of the Franks Eudes I is , one of the founders of the Capetian dynasty [ 4 ] . The initiative is intended to remind other European dynasties the seniority of the house of Orleans at the same time as its attachment to the French capital, to which the Bourbons of the elder branch had preferred Versailles. [Ref. necessary] In France, the arrival of an heir within the royal family seems, initially, consolidate the throne of July [ 4 ] , [ 5 ] And to make people forget the difficulty that his family had represented, for Louis-Philippe, finding a wife to the royal prince. Considered by the other European dynasties as a son of usurper, Ferdinand-Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans had, in fact, had to undergo the humiliating refusal of several princesses of the continent before finding an agreement to marry him. However, the young girl in question, H\u00e9l\u00e8ne de Mecklembourg-Schwerin, comes from a little prestigious German dynasty and her union with the heir to the French Crown was accompanied by perfidy comments, abroad [ c ] . The coming to the world of the Count of Paris therefore allows the royal family to forget the difficult period that it has just crossed and projecting themselves without fear in the future [ 6 ] . The baptism of the Count of Paris, the May 2, 1841 , gives rise to a sumptuous ceremony in Notre-Dame de Paris cathedral. Beyond the festivities, the event allows the July Monarchy to get closer to the Catholic Church. Since the death of the very legitimist M gr from Qu\u00e9len December 31, 1839 , and its replacement by M gr Head to the head of the Archbishopric of Paris from the August 6, 1840 , the Catholic clergy is indeed much more open to Orleans and no longer reluctant to associate with the highlights of the dynasty [ 7 ] . The baptismal ceremony is chaired by Denys Affre, archbishop of Paris, assisted by Jean-Baptiste de Merson, parish priest of Saint-Germain-l’AURROIS: Prince Philippe has his grandfather his grandfather Louis Philippe I is , king of the French, and for godmother her grandmother Marie-Am\u00e9lie de Bourbon-Siciles, Queen of the French [ 3 ] . The prince’s first years are happy and he grew up in the middle of a loving and attentive family. From December 1840 , her mother, Princess H\u00e9l\u00e8ne of Mecklembourg-Schwerin, matters for himself, from Germany, the custom of the Christmas tree [ 4 ] , [ 8 ] . Despite everything, the child also spent long periods without seeing his father, especially when the latter went on a visit to Algeria in 1839 and returned there, in the spring of 1840, to continue the fight against the forces of the Emir Abd El -Kader [ 9 ] . The death of the Duke of Orleans and its consequences [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The life of the young count of Paris rocks the July 13, 1842 . That day, his father, Prince Ferdinand-Philippe of Orleans, dies of a fracture of the skull in a convertible accident, while he visited Neuilly, in order to find Queen Marie- Am\u00e9lie and King Louis-Philippe [ ten ] . Barely four years old, the child then became the new heir to the throne and consequently receives the title of royal prince [ 11 ] .  The Duke of Orleans, father of the Count of Paris, represented by Dominique Ingres (1842). With the death of the Duke of Orleans, the question of the survival of the July Monarchy is quickly asked. In 1842, the sovereign, whose politics was more and more reactionary, was indeed sixty-nine years and it is unlikely that he will live until most of his grandson. The rooms are therefore well voted to lower the majority of the royal prince from twenty-one to eighteen, the regime must appoint a regent to carry out the transition between the two reigns [ twelfth ] . Several choices are then offered to the king: his four surviving sons, the Duke of Nemours, the Prince of Joinville, the Duke of Aumale and the Duke of Montpensier, or his daughter-in-law, the Duchess of Orleans. According to the dynastic rule and the will of the Duke of Orleans, the monarch chooses his second son, Nemours, as a possible regent. However, it has the reputation of being the most conservative in Orleans and the royal decision is very badly welcomed by the people, who would prefer to see Joinville, Aumale or the duchess of Orleans at the head of the country [ 13 ] , [ 14 ] . The death of the Duke of Orleans also reinforces the need to give careful education to the Count of Paris in order to prepare him for his role as heir to the throne. In 1843, the prince was therefore entrusted to the care of Jacques R\u00e9gnier, a future member of the Institut de France, and to those of \u00c9tienne Allaire [ 15 ] . The revolution of 1848 [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  From 1846, the crisis fell on the July monarchy. Economic difficulties and a series of financial scandals discredit the king and his government while the banquet campaign illustrates the renewed popularity of the republican movement [ 16 ] . In February 1848 , the decision of Fran\u00e7ois Guizot, the president of the council, to ban the last of the banquets crystallizes the oppositions and riots occur in Paris from 22. Quickly, the demonstrations are gaining momentum and turn into a revolution. THE February 23 , Louis-Philippe refers Guizot which first seems to calm the crowds. But, after a few hours of lull, the troubles resume and the army shoots demonstrators. Submerged by the revolutionaries and refusing to flow more blood, King Louis-Philippe abdicates the February 24 In favor of his grandson the Count of Paris, then nine years old. Aware of his unpopularity, the Duke of Nemours decides to give up the regency for the benefit of his sister-in-law, who enjoys a reputation as a liberal [ 17 ] . At the beginning of the afternoon of the 24th, the Duchess of Orleans therefore went to the Palais Bourbon with her children and his brother-in-law Nemours to have her eldest son investing and being proclaimed regent. In their majority, deputies seem favorable to this solution and Andr\u00e9 Dupin asks the Chamber to take note of the acclamations that the duchess receives. A discussion, led by Odilon Barrot, then engages on the Regency law. But the voices of supporters of the monarchy are gradually covered by the hoots of the public who came to attend the deliberations. An armed crowd invades the debate room while republican deputies Ledru-Rollin, Cr\u00e9mieux and Lamartine seize the gallery to claim a provisional government [ 18 ] . The Orleans are then brutally evacuated from the Chamber of Deputies and, in the ensuing stampede, the Princess of Mecklembourg is separated from her children. Dead of anxiety, the princess takes three days to locate the little Duke of Chartres, who was collected by a Parisian baker [ 19 ] . Once there, the Duchess of Orleans and her children take the path of exile. In the same times, the Second Republic is proclaimed in France [ 18 ] . First exile [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Family quarrels [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  In the aftermath of the 1848 revolution, members of the royal family won in turn while the provisional government voted for the banishment of Orleans May 26 [ 20 ] . Louis-Philippe and Marie-Am\u00e9lie thus settled in the United Kingdom with several of their children and grandchildren. The ex-soverers establish their residence at the Ch\u00e2teau de Claremont, owned by the king Leopold I is from Belgium [ d ] , himself son-in-law of Louis-Philippe and uncle of the Count of Paris. For its part, the Duchess of Orleans prefers to go and live with her children in Germany, in the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach [ 21 ] , [ 22 ] . Wounded by the behavior of the king and the queen towards her during the revolutionary days, the princess prefers to move away from her parents-in-law [ 23 ] . At the same time, the financial situation of Louis-Philippe and his family is becoming more and more precarious. Immediately after the vote of the decline of the Orleans, the provisional government places under sequests the goods of the fallen monarch and its relatives [ 20 ] . However, without its own resource, the Duchess of Orleans and its children are totally dependent on the former sovereigns [ 24 ] . After two years of scramble, Princess H\u00e9l\u00e8ne ended up reconciling with her parents-in-law and, from spring 1850, the Count of Paris, the Duke of Chartres and their mother regularly go to England [ 25 ] , [ 26 ] . It is in London that the young Orleanist contender performs, in the presence of his grandfather, his first communion, the July 20, 1850 [ 27 ] . Recognize the Duke of Bordeaux? [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  Queen Marie-Am\u00e9lie, grandmother of the Count of Paris, by Franz Xaver Winterhalter (1842). In France, the advent of the Republic and the election by the universal suffrage of Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte to the presidency push the monarchists to question their political strategies. More and more Orleanists want the rallying of Louis-Philippe and his family to the grandson of Charles X , which for legitimists is the representative of dynastic legitimacy. However, for their part, the Orleans are not unanimous. If the ancient sovereigns seem to gradually recognize the need to fusion the two royalist currents [ 28 ] , the mother of the Count of Paris is forcefully opposed the recognition of the grandson of Charles X (Duke of Bordeaux) as heir to the crown [ 29 ] . H\u00e9l\u00e8ne de Mecklembourg-Schwerin is also deeply shocked by the letter sent to him by her stepfather and where the latter writes, about the succession to the throne: “My grandson can never reign in the same way and to same conditions as me who ended up failing. He can only reign as a legitimate king. There are several ways for him to become a legitimate king: if the Duke of Bordeaux died, if the Duke of Bordeaux abdicated, if the Duke of Bordeaux reigned but had no children, Paris became a legitimate king. He must remain able for all these chances [ 30 ] , [ thirty first ] . \u00bb Head of the Orleans house [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  The Count of Paris in military uniform. The August 26, 1850 After several days of agony, ex-king Louis-Philippe turns alongside his wife and several of his children and grandchildren (including Paris and Chartres) at the age of seventy-seven years [ 32 ] . For the Orleanists, the Count of Paris then officially becomes his successor but very little, in France, believe in the possibility of a restoration embodied by a twelve -year -old child, especially since after the plebiscite of November 21, 1852 , the Second Empire is set up. Moreover, with the arrival of the nephew of Napoleon I is In power, the Orleans financial situation is getting worse. THE January 22, 1852 , he indeed decrees the confiscation of the property of the former royal family, a measure that Andr\u00e9 Dupin immediately describes as “first flight of the eagle [ 33 ] \u00bb. In July 1857 , the Duchess of Orleans and her sons permanently leave Germany to settle in England and get closer to Marie-Am\u00e9lie. The family then rents a country house in Richmond, an hour from Claremont, where the old queen still resides [ 34 ] . In this new home, the Count of Paris continues his training and receives, among other things, private law lessons from the magistrate Rodolphe Dareste de la Chavanne [ 35 ] . In May 1858 , the Duke of Chartres contracts the flu and his mother is in turn reached. Very quickly, the princess’s state of health gets worse and she dies the May 17 [ 34 ] . The aged twenty-one, the Count of Paris is therefore orphan and settled alongside his grandmother, until the death of this one in 1866 [ 36 ] . In 1862, on the occasion of the Universal Exhibition, he received the visit of the painter Paul Huet, who had been a drawing teacher from his mother [ 37 ] . Engaged in the American Civil War [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  The Battle of Gains’ Mill represented by Alfred Waud. In September 1861 , Fran\u00e7ois d’Orl\u00e9ans (1818-1900), prince of Joinville, left in the United States to accompany his son, the Duke of Penthi\u00e8vre, who wishes to follow the courses of the American navy school. Tired of the inaction to which their status of exiles condemn them, the Count of Paris and his brother decide to accompany their uncle and their cousin. On the spot, the princes are enthusiastic about the anti-slavery movement and soon to get involved in the Civil War, which then shakes the United States [ 38 ] . Appointed staff officer of the chief command of the federal armies, George McClellan, the Count of Paris fights, with his brother, the southerners at the Battle of Gaines’ Mill, the June 27, 1862 [ 36 ] , while the Prince of Joinville participates in the Potomac campaign [ 38 ] . From this stay in the United States, the Count of Paris brings back a History of civil war in America In seven volumes and its uncle, a large number of watercolors illustrating the conflict [Ref. necessary] .  The Count of Paris and the Princess Marie-Isabelle of Orleans. Marriage [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Back in Europe, the Count of Paris decides to marry to ensure a successor to the dynasty. But, exiled and head of a house considered illegitimate by most of the continent’s dynasties, the prince cannot claim to marry the daughter of a foreign monarch. This is the reason why he asked for the hand of one of his German cousins, the infant Franco-Spanish Marie-Isabelle d’Orl\u00e9ans, daughter of the Duke of Montpensier. The princely marriage takes place on May 30, 1864 , in Kingston, in the United Kingdom, and he is celebrated in the presence of the grandmother of the two spouses, Queen Marie-Am\u00e9lie [ 39 ] , who is 82 years old. The couple, who are quick to give birth to many children, then shares their life between the Count of Paris’s Count in York House, Twickenham, and that of his wife at Villamanrique de la Condesa, Andalusia [ 40 ] . Back in France [ modifier | Modifier and code ] The day after Sedan [ modifier | Modifier and code ] When the Second Empire collapsed in 1870, and the first law of exile affecting Orleans was abolished the June 8, 1871 , the Count of Paris returns to France [ 41 ] . A few months later, the December 9, 1871 , the decrees of confiscation of the property of the royal family implemented by Napoleon III In 1852 were abolished. Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans then notably included possession of the castles of Amboise, Eu and Randan [ 42 ] . In France, the Count of Paris and his family share their existence between their provincial residences and the capital. But, not having a residence compatible with their rank in Paris, the Orleans accepted, in 1877, the invitation of the Duchess of Galliera which offered them to settle in her house, on the ground floor of the Galliera hotel (current hotel in Matignon), during their stays in the capital. [Ref. necessary] Upon his return to the country, the prince frequents the circles of power and was received by President Adolphe Thiers at the Palace of Versailles from the first is July . The interview is cordial but, in private, the former president of the Orleanist council of Louis-Philippe does not hide his contempt for the chief of Orleans. To one of his intimate, Thiers declares, with regard to the heir to the throne: “Ten steps, he looks like a German, three of a fool [ 41 ] \u00bb. Towards the monarchical merger? [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  Despite his political activities, the prince does not yet plan to get on the throne. Aware that the Count of Chambord is supported by more monarchists than it is himself, the Count of Paris seeks to get closer to his cousin. “” Henri IN “Having no children, the chief of the Orleans is indeed convinced that a legitimist restoration would make him the dolphin and would strengthen the monarchist camp against the Republicans and the Bonapartists [ 43 ] . After the unsuccessful shipment of several emissaries to the Count of Chambord [ 44 ] , the Count of Paris decides to go to Frohsdorf himself to officially affirm his submission to the eldest of Capetians. THE August 5, 1873 , the prince thus declares to his cousin: “I come in my name and in the name of all the princes of my house, not only to greet the head of my family in you, but to recognize the principle of which you are the only representative” [ 45 ] … To these words, the Count of Chambord interrupts him, kisses him and takes him to his particular living room, where the two cousins \u200b\u200bhave an interview of which nothing filters that this sentence of Henri: \u201cYou have done a good deed. God will take you into account ” [ forty six ] . The merger of the two monarchist currents and mutual recognition of the two princes as head of the family and heir therefore seem total [ 47 ] . However, the reconciliation of the two branches of the royal family does not bring the expected catering. THE August 12, 1873 , the Count of Paris announces the monarchical merger to the new President of the Republic, the legitimist Patrice of Mac Mahon, and asked him to convene the Assembly in an extraordinary meeting in order to proclaim King the Count of Chambord. But, although monarchist, the marshal refuses because of the will of the pretender to restore the white flag and not maintain the tricolor flag as a national symbol [ 48 ] . Some historians have mentioned the influence in this position of his wife, of which many parents had perished on the revolutionary scaffold and who therefore would have expressed some reluctance to reign over the descendants of regicides. Several actions are therefore carried out by the supporters of the Restoration to try to convince the grandson of Charles X According to them, the need to abandon the white flag and accept the parliamentary system. In October 1873 , the deputy Charles Chesnelong is thus mandated by the monarchist group of the Chamber to reach an agreement with the pretender [ 48 ] . Nevertheless, this last attempt is a failure and the “count of Chambord” reaffirms his attachment to the symbols of the old regime October 27 . Consequently, the Orleans find themselves prisoners of the attitude of the elder of the Bourbons, who refuses to give in to the unacceptable conditions, which the National Assembly imposes on him to guess the crown [ 49 ] .  Marshal Patrice of Mac Mahon, President of the Republic and monarchist. Faced with the attitude of the Count of Chambord, some Orleanists try to convince the Count of Paris to assume the general lieutenancy of the kingdom, as his grandfather had done in 1830. But, considering that he would thus oppose the holding dynastic legitimacy, the grandson of Louis-Philippe categorically refuses to act [ 50 ] . In fact, the prince seems to wait for the death of his cousin to get involved again in politics. In 1877, he refrained from any reaction and any support when Mac\u00e9chal de Mac Mahon and the Duke of Broglie oppose the republican majority of the Assembly and try to bring the monarchists back to power [ 51 ] . Even more surprising, the prince plans, in 1883, to go and settle in Africa in order to contribute to the French colonial expansion [ 52 ] . The eldest of Capetians has long healthy and when he dies the August 24, 1883 , the republican regime had all the time to consolidate in France. In addition, the merger of 1873 turned out to be ten years later, being only a semi-season. The Count of Chambord may receive his cousin cordially on his deathbed, he leaves him neither financial heritage nor symbolic declaration making him his successor. Above all, the widow of the pretender, Princess Marie-Th\u00e9r\u00e8se of Modena, decides that the mourning of her husband must be led by the elders of the Bourbons, closer agnatic parents [ It is ] of the pretender ” Henri IN \u00bb, And by the Bourbon-Parme, closer cognatic relatives of the deceased [ f ] , and not by the Count of Paris. In doing so, the countess of Chambord publicly marks her opposition to the Orleanist succession and her support for the eldest (Spanish) of the descendants of Louis XIV , Prince Jean de Bourbon, count of Montiz\u00f3n [ g ] . In the same way, part of the legitimists rallied to the Spanish Bourbons. Despite everything, the majority of monarchists officially recognize the Count of Paris as the new “head of the Maison de France” and it is as such that the Emperor Fran\u00e7ois-Joseph I is visited him in Vienna, before his return to France [ 52 ] . Between hopes of catering and new exile [ modifier | Modifier and code ] A conservative pretender [ modifier | Modifier and code ] From 1883, the Count of Paris therefore posed as heir to all Capetians and no longer of Orleans only. He abandons the liberal heritage of his grandfather and even goes so far as to proclaim himself grand-master of dynastic orders that neither the July monarchy nor the regimes that have succeeded him, no longer conferred since 1830. His supporters do not ‘call more ” Louis Philippe II “, As before, but” Philippe VII \u00bb, To properly claim the succession of the legitimate dynasty [ 53 ] . Finally, the Count of Paris gives the impression of no longer wanting to embody political Orleanism but of supporting only the positions of the “whites of [ h ] , [ 54 ] \u00bb. The second exile of the pretender [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  Am\u00e9lie d’Orl\u00e9ans, Queen of Portugal and eldest daughter of the Count of Paris. For a while, the recognition of the Count of Paris as a sole pretender by the majority of monarchists seems to strengthen their cause and the prince appears again as a threat to certain Republicans. In mars 1884 , he is thus the victim of an anarchist attack, which he appears unscathed. The following year, the number of conservative deputies (royalists and bonapartists) went from eighty to two hundred during the legislative elections and the opponents of the restoration moved [ 53 ] . Obviously, this revival of popularity is not without consequences and the republican deputies of the Chamber are increasingly hostile to family members who reigned over France. As early as 1883, the Jules Ferry government thus made available several members of the Orleans house who belonged to the army [ 55 ] . Above all, some Republicans, such as Charles Floquet, no longer hesitate to speak of exile law and to request the banishment of the descendants of the former sovereigns [ 56 ] . In February 1886 , a first bill in this direction is presented before the National Assembly, but the president of the Council Charles de Freycinet then judges such a decision useless. However, a few months later, his opinion evolves. THE 6 mars 1886 , the Count of Paris organizes, at the Galliera hotel, a sumptuous ceremony on the occasion of the engagement of his eldest daughter, Am\u00e9lie d’Orl\u00e9ans, with Crown Prince Charles of Portugal. The reception is strictly private and neither the diplomatic corps nor representatives of the power were invited. However, the event gives rise to a huge media threw which worries the Republicans [ 57 ] . Shortly after, deputies present a new bill of exile law before the Chamber and this time receives the support of the government. THE June 23, 1886 , after many debates, therefore appears to be Official newspaper , a new law of exile, which affects the contenders for the throne and their eldest son by forcing them to leave the national territory as well as all the other members of the families who have reigned in France by raying them from the army lists. Warned by the results of the vote while he is at the Ch\u00e2teau d’Eu, the Count of Paris makes the decision to leave France immediately. With his family, he then embarked on the Treport and once again wins England [ 57 ] . The Count of Paris then returned to live at the castle of Stowe House, in the Buckinghashire. However, his exile condition does not take away the hope of one day climbing the throne. On the contrary, while he was in France, the Count of Paris did not want to intervene directly in the public debate so as not to risk giving arguments to those who wanted his exile. And it is only from his Protest of June 24, 1886 , in response to the law of exile, that the Count of Paris indicated his intentions in order to establish a “traditional monarchy by its principle, modern by its institutions by its institutions [ 58 ] \u00bb. From the United Kingdom, he sought to intervene in the internal and external affairs of France. On the outdoor level, the prince used his immense fortune to pay part of the king’s debts Louis II Bavaria , in order to turn against the policy of Chancellor Bismarck and alliance with Paris. On the diplomatic level, this attempt at rapprochement was a failure but it helped the protector of Wagner to continue the construction of his magical castles [ 59 ] . Internally, the prince works to the definition of his political program and manifests himself with his project of Pacte national Then during the baker. The Pacte national [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  General Boulanger, by Nadar. During the summer of 1886, from his residence in Sheen House, west of London, loaned by an English friend, the Count of Paris formed a royalist union committee, known as “council of seven”, composed of both Personal collaborators, such as \u00c9mile Bocher, Ferdinand Duval and Lambert de Sainte-Croix, personalities close to ancient Orleanism, such as the Dukes of Audiffret-Pasquier and Broglie, and rallied legitimists, like Cazenove de Pradines, former collaborator of Count of Chambord, or the Duke of La Rochefoucauld-Bisaccia. The prince asks this committee to help him prepare a political program [ 60 ] . The Count of Paris intends to say that the monarchy can be faithful to its historical tradition, allowing a strong government while being compatible with an egalitarian and democratic order: “It must be proven that the monarchy, faithful to its old traditions, will be a government strong, democratic, egalitarian. For that it must be told what she will be and what she will not be [ sixty one ] , [ 62 ] \u00bb. Several preparatory documents are established and the final text is rendered the September 15, 1887 under the title Instructions to representatives of the monarchist party in France : he seeks to reconcile two legitimities, that, historic, of the crown and that, democratic, of national sovereignty. It is a question of explaining to the royalists the method to restore the monarchy and the organization of the public authorities which would result from it [ 63 ] . On the first point, the Count of Paris rehearsals any use of strength or conspiracies. Universal suffrage and democracy cannot be called into question and they should also base the restoration, which must be made possible either by way of a constituent assembly, or by a popular vote, the Count of Paris preferring This formula, “more solemn and [suitable] better to an act which must not be renewed [ sixty four ] \u00bb. The monarchy is presented there as resting “on a firmer and wider basis than a simple takeover of the power or a delegation of sovereignty of the number”. According to these Instructions , the monarchy being in essence historical, it transcends all the internal oppositions of the nation and alone allows them to express themselves in order [ sixty four ] . On the second point, the instructions lead to the adoption of a Pacte national renewing the one which was concluded in the early hours of the Kingdom of France and serving as a new constitution, made up of a preamble and three organic articles. The first article defines the Maison de France as the French descendants of Henri IV And excludes the Bourbons from Spain. The second article is devoted to the legislative power, which would concurrently belong to the king, to a chamber of deputies elected by universal suffrage and to a Senate bringing together representatives of great forces and great social interests. Two originalities can be highlighted: First, the introduction of rationalized parliamentarism, a series of instruments intended to prevent the chambers, under the exclusive influence of parties, to force the executive to helplessness, while preserving the rights of national representation; Second, the establishment of a constitutionality control of laws, ensured by a specific jurisdictional body made up of the highest magistrates of the judicial order [ 65 ] . The third organic article also specifies the principles of protection of constitutional freedoms, defined in the penultimate paragraph of the previous preceding article and to which the legislative power must comply. THE Pacte national unambiguously consecrates the supra-legislative character of great public freedoms of conscience, cults, press, meeting and association [ i ] , teaching and judicial defense [ 66 ] . This project of Pacte national jointly borrowed from legitimism, Orleanism, Bonapartism. To legitimism, the Count of Paris brought “The reaffirmation of the primacy of historical law” [ sixty seven ] (which he thus claimed for his branch, unlike the legitimist pretender, the count of Montiz\u00f3n), the praise of the associative technique, a concern for social questions and the importance given to religious education; In Orleanism, it offered a dualist parliamentary system and the constitutionalization of political and economic freedoms; In Bonapartism, he conceded unhindered universal suffrage, including in the plebiscian form in order to found the national pact [ sixty seven ] . The baker case [ modifier | Modifier and code ] In 1888, the Count of Paris supported General Boulanger, who then threatened the stability of the Third Republic and seems to be paving the way for monarchical catering. With the Duchess of Uz\u00e8s, the Count of Paris finances the campaign of the “General Revenge” while his wife, Marie-Isabelle of Orleans, founded a royalist league favorable to the military, the “Rose de France [ 68 ] \u00bb. But the final collapse of bakers in April 1889 Refailed on the monarchist party, which is experiencing a very serious failure in the following October elections, and on the Orleanist pretender, who comes out largely discredited from this affair [ 69 ] . The shine of his son, the “princely prince” [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  Philippe, Duke of Orleans, son of the Count of Paris, in 1910. While the Count of Paris is increasingly locking himself in sadness, in France, certain royalists seek to put forward his eldest son, the Duke of Orleans, whose popularity has not been started by the case Baker. However, in 1890, the young man reached the age of twenty-one, which should theoretically force him to carry out his military service, if he was not exile. Arthur Meyer, director of the conservative newspaper Gallic, And the Duke of Luynes therefore imagine convincing him to return to France illegally in order to officially ask the Republic permission to perform his national service. The Duke of Orleans immediately accepts the proposal without asking for permission from his father [ 70 ] . The February 2 , he therefore goes to Paris and presents himself to the recruitment office, at the town hall of VII It is District then at the Ministry of War, to be incorporated but, each time, it comes up against the end of not receiving from the administration [ 71 ] . Finally, the same evening, he was arrested in the residence of the Duke of Luynes. It was not until the time that the Count of Paris is warned by telegram of his son’s adventure. As father and pretender is then ulcerated not to have been warned of what was going on but does not let his dissatisfaction pass publicly [ 72 ] . Pending his judgment, the “Duke of Orleans” is imprisoned in the concierge, where the Duke of Luynes makes him deliver sumptuous meals. Quickly, the republican press reproduces the menus and, aware of the negative effect that such treatment could cause, the prince publicly declares that he “only asks for the soldier’s bowl” (bowl to which he will never touch [ seventy three ] ). The expression immediately has a great success and the prince derives the popular nickname of “princely prince”, which will follow him all his life and who will inspire Anatole France the nickname “troublemaker” from the ancient Greek \u03c4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd, “blunder” . A few days later, the 12 February , the “Duke of Orleans” is sentenced to a sentence of two years in prison for returning to his country despite the law of exile. However, he was finally loosened from the June 4, 1890 by the President of the Republic Sadi Carnot and renewed on the border. The royalist party comes out somewhat reinforced by these events, but not enough to truly tremble the Republic [ 74 ] . Between hopes and bitterness [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  The February 16, 1892 , a new blow strikes the Count of Paris and the royalists. Encyclical In the midst of solicitudes from the pope Leon XIII Injured French Catholics to rally to the republican regime, which considerably weakens the supporters of the Restoration [ 75 ] . Despite everything, the pretender continues to work in favor of the monarchy and hopes, with each scandal that shakes the Republic, being able to climb on the throne. This is particularly the case when the Panama affair has fun in the 1890s. However, the pretender fails to return his popularity to the monarchy and republican institutions survive the disorders that periodically vacillate [ 76 ] . The September 8, 1894 , the Count of Paris died at the age of 56, in his English residence of Stowe House [ 77 ] . Because of the law of exile, his body was first buried in the Saint-Charles Borrom\u00e9e chapel in Weybridge, in Surrey, then transferred, in 1958, to the royal chapel of Dreux by his grandson Henri d ‘ Orl\u00e9ans, new \u201ccount of Paris\u201d. The Count of Paris was not a man of public demonstration, he wanted to believe in the Empire of reason on human things. His great modesty passed for coldness and his relatives regretted his lack of brilliance and aversion to the staging [ 78 ] . He was never recognized for the charisma of Count de Chambord, the “Auguste Erceur” according to Henry de P\u00e8ne [ 79 ] . But firmly educated, curious about a great open -mindedness, he surprised his collaborators with his work power, the calm of his character and his great will [ 80 ] , [ 81 ] , [ 82 ] , [ 83 ] . Arthur Meyer, director of Gallic , said about him: “To all those who had the honor to see him, the Count of Paris gave the impression of a studious and a thinker [ 84 ] . \u00bb The prince had a taste for studies and cabinet work. This is how formed the lawyer Camille Dareste de la Chavanne [ 85 ] , he kept an interest in legislative and administrative issues throughout his life [ 62 ] as evidenced by his project Pacte national . Active but discreet, it was in the shadows that he worked to federate the conservative union to lead it to victory in the legislative elections and legally restore the monarchy [ 56 ] . The Count of Paris felt very close to his brother Robert d’Orl\u00e9ans, Duke of Chartres [ eighty six ] . He also entrusted to Albert de Mun in which community of mind he had always been with his brother the Duke of Chartres: “I consulted with him for everything. He’s the only member of my family I can say [ eighty seven ] . \u00bb Official titles [ modifier | Modifier and code ] August 24, 1838 – July 13, 1842 : His Royal Highness Louis-Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans, count of Paris; July 13, 1842 – February 24, 1848 : His Royal Highness Louis-Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans, royal prince of France, count of Paris. Courtesy [ modifier | Modifier and code ] February 24, 1848 – August 5, 1873 : His Royal Highness Louis-Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans, count of Paris; August 5, 1873 – August 24, 1883 : His Royal Highness Louis-Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans, count of Paris, first prince of the blood of France; August 24, 1883 – September 8, 1894 : His Royal Highness The Count of Paris.  Weapons of France, claimed by the Orleans family since 1883. At his birth in 1838, the king of the French Louis Philippe I is Legally his grandson count of Paris, after having considered conferring on him the title of Prince of Algiers [ 4 ] . In 1842, on the death of his father, Prince Ferdinand-Philippe, the Count of Paris also received from his grandfather the title of Prince Royal, who replaced that of Dauphin during the July Monarchy [ 13 ] . In 1850, the prince succeeded his paternal grandfather as older of the Orleans branch, with the theoretical heritage of all the traditional titles of this branch: Duke of Orleans, Duke of Valois, Duke of Chartres, Duke of Nemours, Duke of Montpensier, Dauphin of Auvergne, prince of Joinville, hereditary seneschal of Champagne, Marquis de Coucy, Marquis de Folembray, count of Soissons, count of Dourdan, count of Romorantin and Baron de Beaujolais, etc. [ 88 ] . According to his Orleanist supporters, Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans is, after the death of the Count of Chambord, the only heir to the throne of France under the name of ” Philippe VII \u00bb. The prince is indeed the eldest of the descendants of Louis XIII , to the exclusion of those of Philippe IN Spain , become foreign and not successible, according to the same Orleanists, following the treaties of Utrecht [ 89 ] . However, for certain legitimists, considering null the renunciations of 1713 (and not recognizing any principle of exclusion of princes who have become foreign and their descendants), the Count of Paris is “only” the head of the Orleans branch , while the real heirs of the throne of France would be his distant Spanish cousins, the princes Jean and Charles de Bourbon [ 89 ] . French dynastic decorations [ modifier | Modifier and code ] As head of the royal house of France and pretending to the throne of France, the supporters of the Count of Paris consider it Grand Master traditional dynastic orders [ 90 ] . Foreign dynastic decorations [ modifier | Modifier and code ]  Denmark  Sovereign Order of Malta  Kingdom of Portugal Grand-centur the Sax-Weam-Ironhouse The Count of Paris appears in the uchrony of Pierre Bordage Those who will know . In this novel, published in pocket at J’ai Lu In 2008, the prince managed to restore the monarchy in 1882 and the Orleans maintained their dictatorship in France since then. Notes [ modifier | Modifier and code ] \u2191 His usual first name was “Louis-Philippe” until 1883, then only “Philippe” from that year. See Georges Poisson, Orleans: a family in search of a throne , Perrin, Paris, 1999, p. 316 .  \u2191 In 1848, his Orleanist supporters gave him the name of ” Louis Philippe II “But he chooses the name” Philippe VII In 1883, when he posed as heir to the Bourbons.  \u2191 Updated to the wedding project, the tsar Nicolas I is Russia thus declares that “such a small marriage is not worth prevented”. See Isabelle d’Orl\u00e9ans-Bragance, Queen Marie-Am\u00e9lie, grandmother of Europe , Perrin, Paris, p. 362 .  \u2191 Widower, in the first wedding, of Charlotte de Wales, princess of Wales, the king Leopold I is from Belgium has preserved the enjoyment of his English home.  \u2191 These come down from Philippe de France, Duke of Anjou, uncle of Louis XV .  \u2191 They go down from Louise d’Artois, the older sister of the Count of Chambord.  \u2191 It’s about ” Jean III \u00bbFrench legitimists and Spanish carlists.  \u2191 The “whites of Eu” are the monarchists favorable to the Maison d’Orl\u00e9ans but supporting a conservative, even reactionary policy. Faced with them, the “Whites of Spain” have similar political ideals but support the dynastic claims of the descendants of Philippe IN Spain .  \u2191 The Count of Paris had initiated a reflection on the associative subject with the writing of his volume on Workers’ associations in England (Trade Unions) (Germinating Bauter\u00e8re, 1869); He concluded the year of his death by the development of an in -depth brochure, A necessary freedom: the right of association Published by Calmann-L\u00e9vy.  References [ modifier | Modifier and code ] \u2191 http:\/\/www.lebrelblanco.com\/anexos\/images\/acto_abdicationlouis_philippe_1848.jpg : \u201cI abdicate this crown that the national voice had called me [sic] to carry, in favor of my grandson the Count of Paris. May he [sic] succeed in the great task that has matched him today. – Louis Philippe – 24 FEV. r 1848 \u00bb  \u2191 (in) William Fortescue, France and 1848\u00a0: The End of Monarchy , 2004 , 228 p.  (ISBN\u00a0 978-1-134-37922-4 , read online ) , p. 169  \u2191 A B and C Philippe de Montjouvent, Ephemeris of the Maison de France from 1589 to 1848 , Charenton-le-Pont, \u00c9ditions du Chaney, 1999, p. 244-246 .  \u2191 A B C and D Georges Poisson, Orleans, a family in search of a throne , Perrin, Paris, 1999, p. 256 .  \u2191 Dominique Paoli, Fortunes and misfortunes of the princes of Orleans, 1848-1918 , Artena, 2006, p. 11 .  \u2191 Isabelle d’Orl\u00e9ans-Bragance, Queen Marie-Am\u00e9lie, grandmother of Europe , Perrin, Paris, 1998, p. 353-362 .  \u2191 HEVUE ROBERT, The Princes of Orleans: a family in politics in XIX It is century , Economic, 2007, p. 263 .  \u2191 Jean Favier (dir.), “Christmas will be celebrated around a tree”, Chronicle of France and the French , Chronicle editions, Bassillac, p. 865 .  \u2191 HEVUE ROBERT, on. Cit. , p. 235 and 238 .  \u2191 Isabelle d’Orl\u00e9ans-Bragance, on. Cit. , p. 384-394 .  \u2191 R\u00e9gine , ‘ Book \u201cPhilippe d’Orl\u00e9ans. Brother of Louis XIV \u201d – nobility & royalty \u00bb  (consulted the April 11, 2022 )  \u2191 Isabelle d’Orl\u00e9ans-Bragance, on. Cit. , p. 397 .  \u2191 a et b Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 271 .  \u2191 Isabelle d’Orl\u00e9ans-Bragance, on. Cit. , p. 398-399 .  \u2191 Dominique Paoli, on. Cit. , p. 54 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 278-285 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 285 .  \u2191 a et b Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 286 .  \u2191 Isabelle d’Orl\u00e9ans-Bragance, on. Cit. , p. 430-431 .  \u2191 a et b Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 288 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 287 .  \u2191 Olivier Defrance, La Medici des Cobourg, Cl\u00e9mentine d’Orl\u00e9ans , Racine, Brussels, p. 131 .  \u2191 Isabelle d’Orl\u00e9ans-Bragance, on. Cit. , p. 436-437 .  \u2191 Isabelle d’Orl\u00e9ans-Bragance, on. Cit. , p. 440 .  \u2191 Isabelle d’Orl\u00e9ans-Bragance, on. Cit. , p. 450-456 .  \u2191 Olivier Defrance, on. Cit. , p. 176 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 289 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 288-290 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit.,  p. 294-295 .  \u2191 Isabelle d’Orl\u00e9ans-Bragance, on. Cit. , p. 445 .  \u2191 Dominique Paoli, on. Cit. , p. 45 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit.,  p. 290 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 294 .  \u2191 a et b Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 296 .  \u2191 HEVUE ROBERT, on. Cit. , p. 341 and 377 .  \u2191 a et b Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 297 .  \u2191 Pierre and Rolande Miquel with the collaboration of Professor G\u00e9rard Bonin and Michael Tazi Klaa, From romantic dawn to impressionist dawn , \u00c9ditions Somogy, 2011, p. 146.  \u2191 a et b Jacques d’Orl\u00e9ans, The dark affairs of the Count of Paris , Albin Michel, Paris, 1999, p. 14 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 298 .  \u2191 Michel de Greece, Unusual memories , Presse Pocket, Paris, 2004, p. 180 .  \u2191 a et b Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 302 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 304-305 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 303-309 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 305 .  \u2191 Joseph du Bourg, The interviews of the princes in Frohsdorf: 1873 and 1883. Truth and legend , Perrin academic bookstore and C ie , 1910 , 310 p. , p. 8 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, Count of Chambord: Henri V, Pygmalion, 2009 , 360 p.  (ISBN\u00a0 978-2-7564-0324-3 , read online ) , p. 241-242 . The author adds that the sentence \u201cLoaned to Chambord:\u201c Believe, my cousin that I find natural that you retain the political opinions of your family, in which you have been raised; The heir to the throne can have his ideas like King has his own, “has certainly never been pronounced, especially since Henri was careful not to qualify the Count of Paris as heir to the throne” , and that this sentence “May have been made by Orleans” . And in the same work, Georges Poisson writes that Chambord “Firmly believed that the elders of the family were the Bourbons of Spain, which they were indeed, and did not admit the treaty of Utrecht: the crown, gift of God, is unavailable, it is not negotiated, It falls to you by primogeny, and its holder cannot dispose of it at will \u201d ( p. 244: read online ).  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 307 .  \u2191 a et b Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 308 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 309 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 309-310 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 313-314 .  \u2191 a et b Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 315 .  \u2191 a et b Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 316 .  \u2191 HEVUE ROBERT, Orleanism , coll. “What do I know? \u00bb, Presses Universitaires de France, 1992, p. 39-40 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 314-315 .  \u2191 a et b HEVUE ROBERT, on. Cit. , p. 342 .  \u2191 a et b Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 316-318 .  \u2191 HEVUE ROBERT, on. Cit. , p. 378 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 318 .  \u2191 Daniel de Montplaisir, Louis XX , grandson of the sun king , ed. Jacob-Duvernet, June 2011, p. 302 .  \u2191 National Archives, 300 AP III 615, Note from the hand of the Count of Paris, n.d. (April or May 1887).  \u2191 a et b HEVUE ROBERT, on. Cit. , p. 377 .  \u2191 Daniel de Montplaisir, on. Cit. , p. 303 .  \u2191 a et b Daniel de Montplaisir, on. Cit. , p. 304 .  \u2191 Daniel de Montplaisir, on. Cit. , p. 305 .  \u2191 HEVUE ROBERT, on. Cit. , p. 379 .  \u2191 a et b Daniel de Montplaisir, on. Cit. , p. 305-306 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 321 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 322 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 322-323 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 324 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 325 .  \u2191 Daniel de Montplaisir, Louis XX : a other History of France , Paris, Mareuil \u00e9ditions, 2018, 491 p. , p. 290.  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 326 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 327-328 .  \u2191 Georges Poisson, on. Cit. , p. 328 .  \u2191 Jean Frollo, ” Death of the Count of Paris \u00bb, Le Petit Parisien , September 9, 1894 , p. first ( read online )  \u2191 HEVUE ROBERT, on. Cit. , p. 340 .  \u2191 HEVUE ROBERT, on. Cit. , p. 341 .  \u2191 Eug\u00e8ne Aubry-Vitet, Memoirs , De Renouard, 1932, p. 187-190 .  \u2191 Count of Haussonville, The Count of Paris, personal memories , p. 22-24 .  \u2191 \u00c9douard Herv\u00e9, “Le Comte de Paris”, Paris Review , September 15, 1894, p. 225-230 .  \u2191 Maurice d’Hulst, “a royal and Christian soul”, The correspondent , September 25, 1894.  \u2191 Arthur Meyer, What my eyes have seen , Plon-Nourrit et Cie, 1911, p. 81 .  \u2191 \u00c9tienne Allaire, Memories of an old tutor , Lamule and fish, p. 219-220 .  \u2191 HEVUE ROBERT, on. Cit. , p. 345 .  \u2191 Philippe with Levilla, Albert the Mun , p. 920 .  \u2191 Dominique and Mich\u00e8le Fr\u00e9my (dir.), “French institutions”, What 2001 , Robert Laffont, 2000, p. \u00a0709\u00a0c .  \u2191 a et b Dominique Me Dommerer Forent (You.), on. Cit. , p. \u00a0709\u00a0a-c .  \u2191 Royal orders  \u2191 (and)  ‘ Armorial of the knights of the Order of the Elephant \u00bb , p. 24.  \u2191 Marquis de Flers, The Count of Paris , quoted in Me Am\u00e9lie, last queen of Portugal by St\u00e9phane Bern, ed. Success of the book, pp. 112-113  On other Wikimedia projects: Bibliography [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Books by Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans [ modifier | Modifier and code ] under the name of the Count of Paris Workers’ associations in England (Trades-Unions) , Germinate Bailli\u00e8re, Paris, 1869, read online on French And available on Internet Archive . Of the situation of workers in England , L\u00e9vy, 1873, available on Internet Archive . History of civil war in America , L\u00e9vy Fr\u00e8res, Paris, 1874-1896, available on French .Composed of 7 volumes: I. The American army. Secession. The first struggle; II. The first fall. The first winter; II. Richmond. Naval war. Maryland; IV. Kentucky. Tennessee. Virginia. Politics ; V. War on Rapidan. Missisipi; VI. Pennsylvania. The third winter; VII. Haut Tennessee. The siege of Chattanooga. The third winter. Instructions of M gr The Count of Paris to representatives of the monarchist party in France , National bookstore, Paris, 1887, read online on French . Speech by Monsignor the Count of Paris , H. Champion, 1891, available on Internet Archive . A necessary freedom: the right to the association , Calmann L\u00e9vy, Paris, 1894, read online on French . The French monarchy: Political letters and documents (1844-1907) , National bookstore, Paris, 1907, available on Internet Archive . In addition, Philippe and Robert d’Orl\u00e9ans published two collections of memories by their father Ferdinand-Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans (under the name of the Duke of Orleans): Books on Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans and his family [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Charles Yriarte, The Princes of Orleans , Plon, Paris, 1872, available on Internet Archive . George cebeleaud-SalquacC, Four reigns in exile or Henri IN To Jean III (1820-1940) , ed. France Empire, 1947 (Salt B0018GRZYY ) . Hyacinthe de Flers, The Count of Paris , Paris, Perrin and Cie, 1888, available on Internet Archive . Isabelle d’Orl\u00e9ans-Bragance, Queen Marie-Am\u00e9lie, grandmother of Europe , Perrin, Paris, 1998 (ISBN\u00a0 2702824579 ) . Georges Poisson, Orleans, a family in search of a throne , Perrin, Paris, 1999 (ISBN\u00a0 226201583x ) . Alonetti, Louis Philippe , Paris, Librairie Arth\u00e8me Fayard, 2002 (ISBN\u00a0 2-213-59222-5 ) Dominique Paoli, Fortunes and misfortunes of the princes of Orleans, 184) 8-1918 , Artena, 2006 (ISBN\u00a0 2351540042 ) . Olivier Defrance, La Medici des Cobourg: Cl\u00e9mentine d’Orl\u00e9ans , Racine, Brussels, 2007 (ISBN\u00a0 2873864869 ) . HEVUE ROBERT, The Princes of Orleans: a family in politics in XIX It is century , Cheap, 2007 (ISBN\u00a0 2717853987 ) . Thibault Gandouly, Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans, count of Paris. 1838-1894 , preface to Prince Jean de France, via Romana, 2020 (ISBN\u00a0 2372711490 ) . General works [ modifier | Modifier and code ] HEVUE ROBERT, Orleanism , coll. “What do I know? \u00bb, Presses Universitaires de France (PUF), 1992 (ISBN\u00a0 2130450350 ) . HEVUE ROBERT, The July monarchy , coll. “What do I know? \u00bb, Presses Universitaires de France, 2000 (ISBN\u00a0 213046517X ) . Jean-Marie Mayeur, Political life under the Third Republic 1870-1940 , Points, Paris, 2001 (ISBN\u00a0 2020067773 ) . Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ] external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans Preceded by  Followed by      Not claimed succession      Louis Philippe I is King of the French Children Ferdinand-Philippe, duc d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans, prince royalLouise, reine des BelgesMarie, duchesse de WurtembergLouis, duc de NemoursFran\u00e7oiseCl\u00e9mentine, princesse de Saxe-Cobourg et Gotha-KoharyFran\u00e7ois, prince de JoinvilleCharles, duc de Penthi\u00e8vreHenri, duc d\u2019AumaleAntoine, duc de MontpensierGrandchildren Philippe, comte de Paris, prince royalRobert, duc de ChartresGaston, comte d\u2019EuFerdinand, duc d\u2019Alen\u00e7onMargueriteBlancheFran\u00e7oisePierre, duc de Penthi\u00e8vreLouis-Philippe, prince de Cond\u00e9Henri, duc de GuiseFran\u00e7ois, duc de GuiseFran\u00e7ois, duc de GuiseMarie-Isabelle, comtesse de ParisMarie-Am\u00e9lieMarie-ChristineMar\u00eda de la ReglaFerdinandMercedes, reine d\u2019EspagnePhilippeAntoine, duc de GallieraLouisPhilippe d’Orl\u00e9ans Count of Paris Children  Grandchildren  Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans duc d’Orl\u00e9ans Off -descendant Jean d’Orl\u00e9ans Duke of Guise Children  Grandchildren Isabelle, comtesse de Sch\u00f6nborn-BuchheimHenri, comte de ClermontH\u00e9l\u00e8ne, comtesse \u00c9vrard de Limburg StirumFran\u00e7oisAnne, duchesse de CalabreDiane, duchesse de WurtembergJacques, duc d\u2019Orl\u00e9ansMichel, comte d\u2019\u00c9vreuxClaude, duchesse d\u2019AosteChantal, baronne Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier de Sambucy de SorgueThibaut, comte de la MarcheHenri d’Orl\u00e9ans Count of Paris Children Isabelle, comtesse de Sch\u00f6nborn-BuchheimHenri, comte de ClermontH\u00e9l\u00e8ne, comtesse \u00c9vrard de Limburg StirumFran\u00e7oisAnne, duchesse de CalabreDiane, duchesse de WurtembergJacques, duc d\u2019Orl\u00e9ansMichel, comte d\u2019\u00c9vreuxClaude, duchesse d\u2019AosteChantal, baronne Fran\u00e7ois-Xavier de Sambucy de SorgueThibaut, comte de la MarcheGrandchildren Marie, princesse Gundakar de LiechtensteinFran\u00e7ois, comte de ClermontBlancheJean, duc de Vend\u00f4meEudes, duc d\u2019Angoul\u00eameDiane, vicomtesse de NoaillesCharles-Louis, duc de ChartresFoulques, comte d\u2019Eu et duc d\u2019AumaleClotildeAd\u00e9la\u00efdeCharles-Philippe, duc d\u2019Anjou et duc de CadavalFran\u00e7ois, comte de DreuxRobert, comte de la MarcheLouis-PhilippeHenri d’Orl\u00e9ans Count of Paris, Duke of France  Jean d’Orl\u00e9ans Count of Paris  List of monarchs in France       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/philippe-dorleans-1838-1894-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Philippe d’Orl\u00e9ans (1838-1894)-Wikipedia"}}]}]