[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/popes-renunciation-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/popes-renunciation-wikipedia\/","headline":"Pope’s renunciation – Wikipedia","name":"Pope’s renunciation – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 The renunciation of the pope is provided for in Canon 332 paragraph 2 of the Code of Canonian Law:","datePublished":"2020-05-26","dateModified":"2020-05-26","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Sede_vacante.svg\/170px-Sede_vacante.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1b\/Sede_vacante.svg\/170px-Sede_vacante.svg.png","height":"207","width":"170"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/popes-renunciation-wikipedia\/","wordCount":6443,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4 The renunciation of the pope is provided for in Canon 332 paragraph 2 of the Code of Canonian Law: “If it happens that the Roman pontiff renounces his charge, he is required for the validity that the renunciation is made freely and that it is duly manifested, but not that it is accepted by anyone” and in Canon 44 paragraph 2 of the cannons code of oriental churches. The only condition for the renunciation to be valid is that it is made “Freely and manifests itself correctly” .        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Following the renunciation begins a period of vacancy from the papal seat, which ends with the appointment of a new pope with a conclave of cardinals. Since the beginnings of the papacy, 10 popes have exercised their right to renunciation, the last being Beno\u00eet XVI , the February 28, 2013 .          (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The canonical law in force, promulgated by the magisterium, does not specify a person or a body to whom the Pope should announce his renunciation [ Note 1 ] , leaving the possibility of doing so in the church or the world in general. But some commentators [ first ] believe that the college of cardinals or at least its dean must be informed in the first place, because the cardinals must be absolutely certain that the Pope has renounced his pontifical ministry before they could validly proceed to the election of a successor [ 2 ] , [ 3 ] . For Alain Boureau and Corinne P\u00e9neau, the abdication of the pope raises a theological question: the election of the pope taking place according to the Catholic tradition under the direction of the Holy Spirit, the resignation of the vicar of Christ would question the power of this saint -Mind [ 4 ] . Reacting to analyzes of this type, the canonist Carlo Fantapi recalls that canon law has always distinguished the person and the charge, and criticizes the “coarse errors that have been made even by representatives of the university world” [ 5 ] . Name n O  Portrait Start of the pontificate and renunciation Information Pontien 18  230 September 28, 235 Deported to mines in Sardinia by emperor Maximin le Thrace, Pontien gives up his episcopal seat September 28, 235 To allow the election of a new bishop of Rome – this is the first date attested in the history of the papacy [ 6 ] . Martin I is  seventy three  July 5, 649 655 Deported to Tauric dear by the constant emperor II, Martin I is would have approved, or at least would not have condemned the election of his successor Eug\u00e8ne I is , which can be interpreted as a renunciation [ 7 ] . Beno\u00eet in 132  May 22 964 June 23, 964 Tabled by Emperor Otton I is , Beno\u00eet V does not defend himself and, according to the columnist Liutprand de Cr\u00e9mone, strips himself of his pontifical badges [ 7 ] . John XVIII 141  1003 June or July 1009 We know that he dies simple monk of Saint-Paul-Hors-les-Murs at the end of June or in July 1009 . It is unclear if he has been deposited or if he has given up his charge, voluntarily or under the constraint of Patrice Jean Crescentius [ 8 ] . Sylvestre 3 146  13 or January 20, 1045 10 mars 1045 Elected pope by a part of the Romans after Beno\u00eet IX was driven from the city, Sylvestre III is excommunicated by the latter. A few months later, an arrangement was found according to which the two candidates for the papacy give up their claims. Sylvestre III runs into May 1046 and is formally filed with the Synod of Sutri [ 8 ] .        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Beno\u00eet IX 147  10 mars 1045 first is May 1045 Beno\u00eet IX is suitable, against a financial advantage, to give up the papacy. It is his uncle, Pope Gr\u00e9goire VI, who succeeds him after having convinced him to give up his charge for reasons that remain obscure [ 9 ] . He will finally be excommunicated for Simonie. Gr\u00e9goire VI 148  May 5 1045 December 20, 1046 Gr\u00e9goire VI, sometimes quoted as a resigning, was deposited in 1046 for Simonia at the instigation of the King of the Romans Henri III [ ten ] . C\u00e9lestin V 192  July 5, 1294 December 13, 1294 C\u00e9lestin V, a Benedictine hermit close to spiritual Franciscans [ 11 ] , is elected at 85 years old. He abandoned his charge after five months of pontificate [ twelfth ] , perhaps manipulated by Charles II of Anjou [ 11 ] . His renunciation triggers controversy on the canonical legitimacy of abdication. Gr\u00e9goire XII 205  November 30, 1406 July 4, 1415 Gr\u00e9goire XII who, as part of what will be called the Great Western Schism , is forced to resign during the conciliatory push of the Council of Constance in 1415, like the antipape John XXIII [ 13 ] . Beno\u00eet XVI 265  April 19, 2005 February 28, 2013 The February 11, 2013 , Beno\u00eet XVI announces his renunciation for health reasons [ 14 ] . Table of ContentsSupposed conditional renunciations not followed by effect [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Notes [ modifier | Modifier and code ] References [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ] external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Supposed conditional renunciations not followed by effect [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Before leaving to crowd Napoleon I is In Paris, in 1804, Pope Pius VII (1800-1823) signed a renunciation document which will take effect if it is imprisoned in France [ 3 ] . During the Second World War, Pius XII would have drawn up a document indicating that, if he was removed by the Nazis, he had to be considered as having given up his seat and that the cardinals had to flee to Portugal, neutral country, to elect a successor [ 15 ] . Paul VI had planned to give up in the event of incurable or long -lasting infirmity which would prevent him from sufficiently fulfilling his functions as a pope; He had planned a letter of renunciation, 13 years before his death, if he came to give up [ 16 ] . According to a press article [ 17 ] , John Paul II, in the years preceding his death in 2005, had planned to give up because of his failing health [ 18 ] . These claims were denied by the Vatican [ 19 ] . Even in the event that the action of the Holy See is completely hampered, no innovation should be brought in the governance of the Universal Church and the special laws adopted, for these circumstances, must be observed [ 20 ] , [ 21 ] . Catholic canonical law does not provide for the possibility that a Pope is temporarily or definitively unfit for health reasons, an attempted assassination or captivity; Likewise, he does not indicate which person or which organization or which group has the power to certify that the Pope is completely prevented from exercising his functions [ 22 ] .  The “emeritus pope” Beno\u00eet XVI. When resigning, Beno\u00eet XVI chose to wear the title of “Pope Emeritus”. This title is not provided for by any legislation of the Catholic Church. This choice of title was the subject of discussions between theologians and canonists. A few days after the announcement of the resignation of Benedict XVI, Manuel Jesus Arba, professor of canon law at the Pontifical University of Lateran, said that \u201cLegally, there is only one pope; A “emeritus pope” cannot exist ” [ 23 ] . At the beginning of mars 2013 , the Jesuit Gianfranco Ghirlanda, former rector of the Pontifical Gregorian University and professor of canon law at the same university, in a long article published in the pages of Catholic civilization , expressed the same opinion, and concluded that “He who renounces the pontifical ministry, although he obviously remains a bishop, is no longer a pope because he loses all primatial power who did not come from episcopal consecration but directly from Christ by the acceptance of a legitimate election” [ 24 ] . During the press conference on the plane which brought him back to Rome after his trip to Korea in 2014, Pope Francis spoke on the issue. “It is not the only emeritus pope, but it is the first for centuries”. For him, Beno\u00eet is part of the tradition of the “emeritus bishops” [ 25 ] , which are more and more numerous in favor of the increase in life expectancy, and it took him “humility” and “courage” to make this “beautiful gesture of nobility” which consists of resign because of his age. “I think that the notion of” emeritus pope “is already an institution […] confirmed by Pope Beno\u00eet XVI. I repeat: maybe some theologians will say that it is not true, but I think they are wrong. The centuries will tell us. [\u2026] Beno\u00eet XVI opened an institutional door, not exceptional \u201d [ 26 ] . The name reserved for the “emeritus pope” remains “his holiness”. He retains his pontifical name and white cassock, without a camail or white belt. The coat of arms remains unchanged. The emeritus pope does not wear traditional red shoes. Notes [ modifier | Modifier and code ] \u2191 The term “abdication” is not used in official church documents, although the Pope is also a reigning sovereign. The French translation of the apostolic constitution The universe dominic of the flock (February 22, 1996) Once the word “resignation” and once the word “renunciation” once. During that of Beno\u00eet XVI, the media first use the term “resignation” then that of “renunciation”, on the advice of specialists in canonical law.  References [ modifier | Modifier and code ] \u2191 Prompt Library canonical, juridical, moral, theological, as well as ascetic, polemic, rubricistica, historical de Lucius Ferraris  \u2191 Beal, Coriden et Green 2001, p. 438.  \u2191 a et b Ecclesiastical abdication – Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)  \u2191 Alain Boureau and Corinne P\u00e9neau, The mourning of power: tests on the abdication , Paris, the beautiful letters, two thousand and thirteen , 204 p.  (ISBN\u00a0 978-2-251-38121-3 )  \u2191 Carlo fancies, Papacy, seat vacancy and “emeritus pope”. Equivocal to avoid , quoted by Sandro Magister, Chiesa site, the espresso  \u2191 Jean-Pierre Martin, “Pontien”, in Philippe Levillain (s. Dir.), Historical dictionary of the papacy , Paris, 2003, p. 1377.  \u2191 a et b Guyotjeannin 1994, p. 1443.  \u2191 a et b Guyotjeannin 1994, p. 1444.  \u2191 (in) F. Donald Logan, A history of the church in the Middle Ages , Routledge, p. 103.  \u2191 Yves-Marie Hilaire (dir.), History of the papacy. 2000 years of mission and tribulations , ed. Tallandier, 2003, p. 173  \u2191 a et b Claude Carrozzi (you.), Living in society in the Middle Ages: Christian West WE It is – XV It is century , ed. University of Provence, 2008, p. 294  \u2191 Yves-Marie Hilaire (dir.), History of Papacy: 2000 years of mission and tribulations , ed. Tallandier, 2003, p. 211.  \u2191 Yves-Marie Hilaire (dir.), History of the papacy. 2000 years of mission and tribulations , ed. Tallandier, 2003, p. 248-249.  \u2191 Pope Beno\u00eet XVI declaration , Fr.radiovaticana.va (Vatican Radio), February 11, 2013.  \u2191 (in) Nick and Simon Caldwell Squires , ‘ Vatican planned to move to Portugal if Nazis captured wartime Pope \u00bb , The Daily Telegraph , April 22, 2009 ( read online )  \u2191 (in)  ‘ Resignation letter prepared by Blessed Paul VI published \u00bb , on National Catholic Reporter , May 16, 2018 (consulted the July 14, 2021 )  \u2191 (in) Cardinal Hints that Ailing Pope May ReSIGN (a cardinal refers to the fact that the suffering pope could resign) – The Telegraph (08 February 2005)  \u2191 “Beno\u00eet XVI had twice mentioned the hypothesis of a resignation” , The world , February 11, 2013.  \u2191 John Paul II would be fine  \u2191 ‘ Canonical Law Review: Code of Canon Law of 1983 \u00bb , on www.drootcanon.com  (consulted the July 14, 2021 ) : “Can. 335 – When the seat of Rome becomes vacant or completely prevented, nothing should be innovated in the government of the whole Church; The special laws brought for these circumstances will then be observed \u201d  \u2191 ‘ Oriental churches cannons: text – intratext ct \u00bb , on www.intratext.com  (consulted the July 14, 2021 ) : \u201c47 When the seat of Rome is vacant or completely prevented, nothing will be innovated in the government of the entire Church; But the special laws brought for these circumstances will be observed. \u00bb\u00bb  \u2191 (in) The Code of Canon Law Annotated (Wilson & Lafleur Limited, Montreal 1993 (ISBN\u00a0 2-89127-232-3 ) ), note on canon 335.  \u2191 Quote reported by: Sandro Magister, Reigning and “emeritus”. The enigma of the two popes , in the online pages of Espresso.repubblica.it.  \u2191 The text is reported in full in the online pages by Espresso.repubblica.it.  \u2191 https:\/\/croire.la-croix.com\/definitions\/lexique\/eveque\/qu-est-ce-qu-un-eveque-emerite .  \u2191 You are from Vatican (an Italy).  (in) John P. Beal , James A. Coriden and Thomas J. Green , New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law , Mahwah, Paulist Press International, 2001 , 1984 p.  (ISBN\u00a0 978-0-8091-4066-4 , read online ) (in) John R. Eastman , ‘ Giles of Rome and Celestine V: The Franciscan Revolution and the Theology of Abdication \u00bb , The Catholic Historical Review , vol. 76, n O 2, April 1990 , p. 195-211 (ISSN\u00a0 0008-8080 ) (in) Patrick Granfield , ‘ Papal Resignation \u00bb , The Jurist , n O 38, 1978 , p. 118-131 (ISSN\u00a0 0022-6858 ) Olivier Guyotjeannin , “Renunciation” , in Philippe Levillain (s. dir.), Historical dictionary of the papacy , Paris, Fayard, 2003 ( first re 1994 edition) (ISBN\u00a0 2-213-618577 ) , p. 1443-1444 Jean Leclercq \u00ab The renunciation of C\u00e9lestin V and theological opinion in France during the lifetime of Boniface VIII \u00bb, Revue d’Histoire de l’\u00c9glise de France , vol. 25, n O 107, 1939 , p. 183-192 (ISSN\u00a0 0048-7988 , DOI\u00a0 10.3406\/rhef.1939.2884 , read online ) P. G. Caron, \u201cThe Pope’s resignation in the law and in the canonical doctrine of XIII It is At XV It is centuries \u201d, Ecclesiastical law 62 (1951), p. 60-67 Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ] external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/popes-renunciation-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Pope’s renunciation – Wikipedia"}}]}]