Porto Capène — Wikipedia

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The Capène door (latin : Porta Capena ) is one of the doors of the Servian wall, located between the Caelimontane door and the Naevia gate in Rome. Its location is occupied by the current Piazza di Porta Capena .

The door is on the southwest slopes of Caelius, near the sacred wood of Camenae from where the Via Appia [ first ] .

This door gives its name to the region to which it belongs when Augustus administratively cuts Rome into fourteen regions in 7 BC. AD ( Regio I – Porta Capena ).

antiquity [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Originally, the name of this door is that of a small town, Câtère, former colony of veins located in the Etruria, but it is not certain that the door takes its name from this colony [ first ] . According to Coarelli, the name of Capena should be compared to the city of Cabum in the Albain mountains, the first destination of the via Latina [ 2 ] . The door is mentioned for the first time in 484 [ 3 ] , [ a 1 ] then in 459 BC. J.-C. [ a 2 ]

During the construction of the aqueduct of the Aqua Appia, at the same time as that of the Appienne route, the Capène door is used to support the aqueduct which crosses the depression between the caelius and the adventin on arches [ a 3 ] . The door is identified at the rainbow , last ark of floss herculanean , branch of the Aqua march [ 2 ] . Martial, a poet at the end of I is century, suggests that the aqueduct duct is not waterproof at the door of the door [ a 4 ] .

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“At the Porte Capène, where the road
Is wet of the tears distilled by the vault ”

— Martial, Epigrams , III, 47 (trad. Constant doubts)

Piazza di Porta Capena in 2010.

A stream close to the Capène door was used for the cult of Cybèle, a goddess from Asia Minor whose cult is introduced in Rome in 205 BC. Once a year, in April, the statue of the goddess was carried out in procession from her temple of Mont Palatine to be bathed there [ 4 ] .

Near the door was the pre -pregnant temple where the Pencil Manalis , sacred stone which had ritually leaving the temple in case of drought in the hope of triggering the rain [ 5 ] .

Remains of the ancient door were uncovered in 1867, including the remains of a pillar. This work was to be made up of only one tuf and travertine ark [ 3 ] .

Contemporary period [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The Piazza di Porta Capena , at the location of the old door, is developed as an archaeological passage. It was inaugurated on April 21, 1917 by the mayor of Rome Prospero Colonna [ 6 ] . From 1937 to 1998, in this place raised the great obelisk of Aksoum brought back as trophy by fascist Italy during the conquest of Ethiopia. It was transported in four pieces and inaugurated on October 31, 1937; He stands in front of the Ministry of Italian Africa, which became after 1945 the siege of FAO. Long -claimed by Ethiopia, it was returned in 1998 [ 7 ] .

  1. ↑ a et b Platner et Ashby 1929, p. 405.
  2. ↑ a et b CATRUREARELRUHER THISUR, p. 325.
  3. ↑ a et b Varinlioğlu 2008.
  4. ↑ Yves Lehmann, Traditional Roman religion , in Yves lehman (you.), Religions, antiquity , Presses Universitaires de France, p. 222-223.
  5. ↑ Charles Victor Daremberg et Edmond Saglio, Dictionary of Greek and Roman antiques , Hachette, ( read online ) , p. 1562
  6. ↑ Info Roma, “Piazzale di Porta Capena, Rome”, n.d. [first]
  7. ↑ Eloi Ficquet, “The Ethiopian stele of Rome”, Cahiers d’études African [online], 173-174 | 2004 [2]
  1. ↑ Denys d’Halicarnasse, Roman antiques , VIII , 4, 1
  2. ↑ Tite-Live, Roman history , III , 22 , 4
  3. ↑ Front Aqueducts in the city of Rome , I, 5
  4. ↑ Martial, Epigrams , III, 47
  • (in) Samuel Ball Platner and Thomas Ashby , A topographical dictionary of Ancient Rome , Oxford University Press,
  • Eva Margareta Steinby ( you. ), Lexicon Topographicum of the city of Rome, Volume Terzo H – O , Quasar editions, , 512 p. (ISBN  88-140-096-8 )
    • (it) Filippo COOLIRE , “Porta Capena” , In Ltur 3 , , p. 325
    • (it) M. Andeusssi , “Wall of Servii» , In Ltur 3 , , p. 322

  • (in) GÜNDER VARİNLİOĞLU « Porta Capena », Digital Augustan Rome , ( read online )

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