Regiomononus — Wikipedia

Posted on by
before-content-x4

Johannes Müller von Königsberg (Unfinden, near Königsberg (Bavaria) the – Rome on ), better known by his Latin name Regiomontanus [ first ] , is a German astronomer, mathematician and astrologer. Its treaties (especially Of triangles , 1464) and his comments on the Almageste From Ptolemy, are at the origin of the rebirth of trigonometry in Europe. Astrology owes him a domification system that bears his name. It has also been known under other names, depending on the languages: Montereggio, Montroyal. He is vigorously criticized by Girolamo Cardano (1501-1576) concerning his plagiarism against the Maghrebian mathematician and astronomer Jabir Ibn Aflah, of which he takes up entire pages of the Mistresse work without ever pointing out [ 2 ] .

after-content-x4

He was born in Unfinden (of) [ 3 ] , a village in Franconia, near Königsberg in Bavaria. His full name in Latin is John of the Mount Mount , which is abbreviated as a Regiomontanus (Latin term for “königsberg”, the king’s mountain).

At the age of eleven, he started studies at the University of Leipzig. Three years later, he went to Alma mater Rudolphina , the University of Vienna in Austria. He then became the pupil and the friend of Georg von Graderbach. In 1457 (he was then 21), he graduated, and began to give optical and ancient literature lessons. The same year, he made an astrolabe for Maximilien I is from Habsburg, and in 1465, a portable sundial for Pope Paul II. His work with Patrébach leads him to read the writings of Nicolas de Cues, close to heliocentric theory. Regiomontanus will however be a supporter of Ptolemy’s geocentrism. After the death of Lumièrebach, he took over from the drafting of an abstract commented by the Almageste , l’ Epytoma in almagesti ptolema , that littlebach had started on the initiative of Cardinal Johannes Bessarion. Later, Nicolas Copernic quotes Epytoma Among the influences that guided his work. In 1464, he discovered the Arithmetic of diophante which he translates from the Greek, and thus relaunches the interest in algebra in the West [ 4 ] . Between 1461 and 1465, Regiomontanus lives and worked at Cardinal Bessarion, in Rome. He writes The triangles of all five (On the triangles) in 1464, one of the first works presenting the progress of the trigonometry at the time. In this book he established a table of seven decimal sinuses as well as the first tangent table; he writes :

“You who want to study great and wonderful things, which you question the Star Movement, you should read these theorems about triangles. This knowledge will open the doors of astronomy and certain geometric problems. »»

In 1467, he left Rome and left to settle in the court of Matthias I is from Hungary. There it calculates important astronomical tables and manufactures astronomy instruments.

In 1471 he left for the free city of Nuremberg, in Franconia, which was then an important center in terms of trade, art, and knowledge in the Holy Roman Empire. Regiomontanus is renowned for having built the first astronomical observatory in Germany in Nuremberg, perhaps even in Europe. He published many astronomical paintings there.

In 1475 he returned to Rome to work, with Pope Sixtus IV, on the calendar reform. Regiomontanus dies mysteriously at that time: of the plague according to certain sources, but more likely murdered, the , when he had just turned forty.

A prolific author, Regiomontanus was already internationally recognized during his lifetime. Although having finished less than a quarter of what he intended to accomplish, he achieved a considerable sum of work. Domenico Maria Novara, professor of Copernicus, refers to Regiomontanus as having been his own teacher.

after-content-x4

The comet of 1471-1472 [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

La Domification Dite of Regiomontanus [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

A domification system is generally attributed to it, although its author is undoubtedly a Spain rabbi of XII It is century, named Abraham Ibn Ezra. He himself presents his system as a compromise between those of Alcabitius and Campanus. Its principle is similar to that of Campanus, however the large position circles which will give the cuspids of the houses by cutting the ecliptic, are required this time to divide the celestial equator into equal arcs of 30 degrees and no longer the first vertical [ 5 ] .

Anteriority question [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Most of what Regiomontanus says about spherical trigonometry in The triangles Come, without Regiomontanus mentioning it (it was common at the time), by Jabir Ibn Aflah, also called Geber; Gerolamo Cardano already notes it at XVI It is century [ 6 ] .

The triangles planes and spherical book

Modern edition [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

  • (of) Joannes Regiomontanus , Joannis Regiomontani Opera Collectanea; Faksimiledrucke of nine writings of Regiomontan and a writing of his teaching Purbach printed by him , Osnabrück, Father Zeller, coll. “Milliaries” ( n O 10.2), , 793 p. (ISBN  978-3-535-00816-1 And 978-3-535-00212-1 , OCLC  74118684 )
  • Jean-Marie Nicolle (trad.): Of the quadrature of the circle after Nicolas le Cusain, dialogue by Jean Regiomontanus (Müller Johannes, Dit Regiomontanus), in The triangles are all five , in the appendix to Nicolas de Cues, Mathematical Writings , Paris, Champion, 2007 (ISBN  978-2-7453-1573-1 )
  • Michelosa mopsgotto (éd.), Prayer in Praelectione Alfragani , Editorial program , Prefazione Al Dialogue between Vienna and Krakow against Gerard Cremona in the planets theoricas deliramenta , in Regiomontano and the renewal of mathematical and astronomical knowledge in the fifteenth century , Cacucci, 2008

SCD digitizations at the University of Strasbourg [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Numérisations du Munich Digitization Center (MDZ) [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

  • Pierre Gassendi, Tycho Brahei, Horseman Dani, astronomorum Coryphaei, life. Nicolai Came, George Peurbachii, John Regiomontani, astronomorum, life , The Hague, Adriaan Vlacq, 1655 – life of Regiomontanus by Gassendi.
  • Armin Gerl, “Trigonometric-astronomical calculation shortly before Copernicus: the correspondence in Regiomontanus-Bianchini”, dans Reports on the history of science , 1989
  • Günther Hamann (Dir.), Regiomontanus studies , Vienna, 1980 (ISBN  3-7001-0339-5 )
  • Adam Mosley, Regiomontanus , site of history and philosophy of science of the University of Cambridge, 1999 – see the bibliography given by Mosley.
  • Michela Malpangotto, Regiomontano and the renewal of mathematical and astronomical knowledge in the fifteenth century , Cacucci, 2008
  • Ernst Zinner, Life and work of Joh. Müller von Königsberg called Regiomontanus , O. Zeller, 1968
  • Ernst Zinner, Regiomontanus : his life and work , trad. Ezra Brown, North-Holland, 1990, 490 p. ( Recenturization par N. M. Swaydlow )

Eponymy [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Bear the name of Regiomontanus:

Notes and references [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

  1. ↑ This name of Regiomontanus was created by Philipp Melanchthon in 1534, 58 years after the death of Regiomontanus.
  2. ↑ Ionel Alexandru , ‘ Al-Aishbili Abu Muhammad Jabir IBN AFLAH » , on www.learn-math.info (consulted the )
  3. ↑ (in) John J. O’Connor and Edmund F. Robertson , “Johann Müller Regiomontanus” , In MacTutor History of Mathematics archive , University of St Andrews ( read online ) .
  4. ↑ A. Slowly it J. PIFFER, A history of mathematics: roads and maze , [Detail of editions] , 1986, p. 104 .
  5. ↑ Max Duval, Domification and transits , Traditional Éditions, Paris 1987.
  6. ↑ Victor J. Katz, « Introduction » , In (in) Victor Katz , The mathematics of Egypt, Mesopotamia, China, India, and Islam : a sourcebook , Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, , 685 p. (ISBN  978-0-691-11485-9 , OCLC  901393706 , Online presentation ) , p. 4 .

On other Wikimedia projects:

external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

after-content-x4