Saint-James crazy — Wikippedia

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The Folie Saint-James (Pronounce [ʒam] and not [dʒɛms]) is a house located in Neuilly-sur-Seine, in Hauts-de-Seine, in France, which belonged to Claude Baudard de Vaudésir de Sainte-Gemmes, Baron de Saint-James , Controller General of the Navy of Louis XV. He built and arranged in 1777 by François-Joseph Bélanger a house and a domain luxuriously decorated with factories and planted with desired trees called “madness” in Neuilly-sur-Seine near Paris.

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The madness and its park have been the subject of a classification as historic monuments since 1922.

Plan en couleurs de la partie nord du parc, la plus belle. En bas à droite la Folie, au bord gauche la Seine, route de Bagatelle à Neuilly se trouve verticalement vers le milieu, des massifs et plans d’eau tout en courbes de chaque côté, jardin aux formes géométriques en haut.

Plan du Parc de 1788 showing the most beautiful part to the north.
Au premier plan, la cour pavée ; au centre l’ancienne maison du domaine de la Chambre. Bâtiment blanc en forme de U, décoré de deux corniches, et au toit en ardoise.

The old commons, former house in the Domaine de la Chambre.

At XVIII It is A century, the Château de Madrid located in Neuilly-sur-Seine was in ruins. Another house, a classic master -like master’s house in the shape of a horseshoe, had been built in 1638 along the wall of this castle: the domain of the bedroom. In 1772, Claude Baudard de Vaudésir, Baron de Sainte-James and wealthy financial, bought this area. Neuilly was then in the countryside.

In 1777, the Count of Artois, future Charles X of France, was built a madness in the Bois de Boulogne neighboring by François-Joseph Bélanger. Bélanger was the Count’s first architect and one of the largest landscapers of his time. The Baron de Sainte-James then asked Bélanger to build a madness to him in order to be able to compete with the madness of Artois. Bélanger added a large pavilion to the left corner of the Master in the Palladian, brick and stone lines. The request of Saint-James to the architect was as follows: “Do what you want as much is expensive.” »» [ first ] . The house of master of the chamber domain was kept and transformed into commons [ 2 ] .

The development of the park began in 1777. Bélanger, with Jean-Baptiste Chaussard, designed it on the model of picturesque and Anglo-Chinese gardens of the XVIII It is A century in France, typical of fashionable factories at the time. An area of ​​twelve hectares (65 arpents [ 3 ] ), he then extended on both sides of the road from Bagatelle to Neuilly (the current rue de Longchamp); The parties communicating by two underground passages. A winding river, or canal, accompanied by multiple bridges, waterfalls, islands, lakes and caves, crossed the garden. The area along part of the Seine whose water fueled the river thanks to a “fire pump”. The factories were notably bridges, kiosks, pavilions, caves and waterfalls [ 4 ] , [ 5 ] . The whole would have cost ten million pounds according to Krafft, or even fourteen million according to other sources [ 6 ] .

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When Baudard de Saint-James went bankrupt in 1787, his property was seized [ 7 ] . During the Revolution, the house is the victim of serious degradations by the black band [ 8 ] . The Duke and the Duchess of Choiseul-Praslin then bought madness and its auction at very low prices, for only 262,000 pounds [ 6 ] . They ceded it in 1795 to the Bobierre family who praised her. In 1811, the estate was fragmented into six lots and then sold again in 1812. It was gradually lottite and deteriorated. In 1844, Doctor Casimir Pinel, specialist in nervous and nephew diseases of Philippe Pinel, installed a health house in the property. The painter Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec stayed there in 1899. The doctor’s descendants, the Semelaigne, continued this activity until 1920 [ 7 ] .

New owners, the Lebel, renovated the property and transformed part of what remained of the park in the Art Deco style. They fitted out an enclosed garden with a temple of love as well as a rectangular Moorish -inspired basin and a rose garden. But, to make these arrangements, they demolished original factories like the cooler or the street kiosk [ 6 ] . Folie Saint-James was classified as historic monuments on January 23, 1922 and the music pavilion on April 28 following [ 9 ] . Between 1944 and 1947, madness was occupied by the Germans and then the Americans; the outbuildings were strongly damaged [ 7 ] . The Lebel family then sold it to the state in 1952. A public high school was built between 1956 and 1959 on part of the park (the entrance to the establishment is located on rue de Longchamp), madness serving as administrative premises, while that the outbuildings serve as a canteen. The Folie Park was then open to the public only during weekends and school holidays. The renovation of the school in 2006 and 2007 made it possible to release the building from the madness of its administrative function and the garden became open to the public every day [ ten ] . Folie Saint-James and its park have since 2009 [ 11 ] The twentieth departmental park and the ownership of the Hauts-de-Seine Departmental Council. A restoration of madness, park and factories is planned, the first studies which took place in 2010-2011 [ 7 ] . Delayed, restoration will start in the second half of 2014 for a period of fourteen months and a cost of 2.5 million euros [ 11 ] . The remaining factories will be restored and the park redeveloped to enhance it, however the destination of madness has not yet been decided [ twelfth ] .
The work, again rejected, will not start until the end of April 2015 and will last a year [ 13 ] .

The House [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Au premier plan, la cour pavée ; la Folie est au deuxième plan, éclairée par le Soleil. Façade rose avec avant-corps central.

The facade overlooking the Honor Court.
Vue du côté et du plafond du porche côté jardin. Peinture blanche très écaillée. Des morceaux de bois se détachent ou sont manquants.

The porch on the garden side, in poor condition.

The house on one floor is built in brick and stone. Its neoclassical facades were plagued by Rose in 1950. The two main faces are decorated with a four -column porch, raised on a base, as well as a central pediment [ 3 ] . These facades, with five crusaders adorned with chambronles, are also decorated with refund bodies and cornices which stand out in white on the pink background previously brick [ 3 ] . Sculpted medallions were between the windows [ 14 ] , however these are only present on the side of the Honor Court. The four -sided roof is in slate.

On the courtyard side, a porch with four ionic columns is located in the center of the ground floor and protects the stove with two leaves. The facade under the porch is bossing. The steps along the facade is bordered by a balustrade and stone vases [ 3 ] . A frieze of stone palmettes separates the ground floor from the first floor while a cornice marks the separation from the roof.

The facade overlooking the garden is very similar to that overlooking the courtyard. The medallions between the windows, however, disappeared. The central porch, richly sculpted wood, surmounts a perron and is made up of three curved arcs resting on four columns carved in scales. The porch stairs are on the sides of it and are lined with a balustrade, the two ends of which are decorated with a lying lion sculpture.

Inside, the vestibule is decorated with statues and vases representing the four seasons in trompe-l’oeil de tons ocher [ 7 ] . The billiard room accessible from the vestibule is decorated with griffins competing on a scarlet background above the doors. The staircase is decorated with a splendid wrought iron ramp of the XVIII It is century. Most of the pieces on the ground floor have kept their woodwork, marble chimneys, parquets and stucco decorations [ 7 ] . Thus, on the right, the large corner lounge has a remarkable stucco ceiling by Nicolas Lhuillier, representing bores, a caduceus, a lyre and a winged torch. The apartments of Julie-Augustine, baroness of Saint-James, were stretched with canvas of Jouy, in particular the curtains, the alcoves and the armchairs [ 7 ] .

The Honor and the Single [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The Honor Court (34, avenue de Madrid, previously route du Bois de Boulogne in Neuilly) has retained its original cobblestones. On the left of the courtyard is the “bass courtyard” (in opposition to the beautiful court of honor) between the wings in the commons. The two courses are separated and communicate only by a portal. This portal is located on the passage crossing the center of the commons, the “bass courtyard” and from the courtyard to the garden and thus forming an axis parallel to the main facade of madness.

The park [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Peinture (huile sur toile d’avant 1795, 96 x 128 cm) montrant le grand Rocher et des gens se promenant et sur une barque sur le bassin devant celui-ci.
Le Temple de l’Amour vu de gauche, à l’ombre, il est sur la gauche. Sur la droite petite partie du jardin Art déco. En arrière-plan, de grands arbres et des immeubles de l’avenue de Madrid.
Élévation en noir et blanc du Pavillon Chinois. Celui-ci est octogonal, à deux niveaux, avec des avant-toits, le 1er étage est plus étroit que le rez-de-chaussée. Richement sculpté.

Elevation of the Chinese pavilion by Krafft.

While the park was originally 12 hectares, its area is only 1.8 hectares due to the progressive subdivision of it [ 7 ] . The garden, longer than wide and approximately on a north/south axis, bordered the Seine only in its northern part where it was the widest, and extended to the south until the current Boulevard Richard-Wallace separating the Bois de Boulogne de Neuilly [ 6 ] .

The many factories originally built have mostly disappeared today. The water rooms, the river and the large upper canal have been over the majority of them and are no longer in water these days. Likewise, the Moorish rectangular basin and the 1920s’ rose garden no longer exist [ 7 ] .

However, there are several factories like the Grand Rocher. A “large bridge of cut stones” and the ditch that it spans are the only vestiges of the river. An “ancient column” was moved and two stone vases that adorned one of the bridges were replaced along the school. A heap of rocks between madness and the bridge of size stones is what remains of the “bridge above a waterfall”.

Factories [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The Grand Rocher is the centerpiece of the park and the most imposing. It is a stack of sandstone blocks in the forty-three meter long-long long-lasting, eighteen and twelve meter long (or twenty-two toises, nine toises and six respectively. toises) sheltering baths [ 3 ] . The main face of the rock was bathed by the lake water forms in its center a large cradle of the vault in rocks while two terraces in front-body where the stairs are explored on the sides [ 3 ] . On each of them was a sink from which spilled a jet of water falling in a tablecloth in a basin [ 3 ] . The two before-corps are raised in embankments, decorated with referral bodies and crowned with a cornice, and give one of the two galleries. [ 3 ] . Under the boosting of the vault stands a portico having six Doric columns [ 7 ] surmounted by an entablature and a pediment. The wall behind the portico has a niche in a cul-de-four from which a “considerable” water table came out [ 3 ] . On both sides of the portico also gushed water from two nozzles or gunboats. All this water fell into a lake bathed in the base of the columns and the rock; This lake then gave birth to the river and provided all the water in the garden [ 3 ] . A sketch of Bélanger shows that he had planned to run the water in a fan of the top of the rockery [ 6 ] . The rear facade, which overlooks the large upper canal [ 15 ] , is a stone wall in pebble and size stone [ 3 ] . In the center, in a large recess of a niche curved in a cul-de-four, there is a door leading to the bathroom [ 3 ] . At the top of the rock is also a rectangular tank originally intended to feed the baths [ 3 ] . One of its sides is bordered by a balcony overlooking the top of the rear facade. Inside the rock is the bathroom inspired by the Roman thermal baths by its rich decoration of yellow stucco and a ceiling in a dome with white boxes. She was furnished with couches and automata [ 6 ] . The bathroom communicates with a dark cave, or “primordial den” [ 7 ] , and a gallery paved with pebbles leading to a piece of water. This factory alone would have cost 1,600,000 pounds [ 6 ] And Louis XVI, who would one day have seen the cart from the stone blocks pulled by forty horses, would no longer have called Sainte-James than “the man in the rock” [ 6 ] , [ 16 ] . The restoration plans to restore the fountains with jets and waterfalls [ twelfth ] .

The Art Deco enclosed garden And the temple of love dating from 1925 is to the right of madness. The temple, at the bottom of the Art Deco garden, is slightly raised. It is made up of five columns supporting a dome. These columns come from one of the undergrounds in Bélanger [ 7 ] . The Art Deco garden, surrounded by a hedge, is made according to an axis of symmetry forming a perspective from madness and leading the eye to the temple. This garden is planted with lawns, roses, low bushes and bushes cut in ball or cone in massifs with geometric shapes. Its gravelly aisles are decorated by flush bricks drawing rectangles and their diagonals.

The Size stone bridge remains above a ditch, the rest of the dried river, and, in 2014, is partly covered with vegetation while waiting for its catering.

The Ancient column was kept, but moved northwest of the park on a lawn.

The Pont above a waterfall only exists in the form of a heap of rocks between madness and the bridge in size stones.

The pet store, the farmyard and the performance hall were designed by Chaussard and were north of the park. It was a long courtyard surrounded by buildings on three sides, the last side overlooking the Bois de Boulogne road in Neuilly [ 3 ] . These buildings mainly housed discounts and stables opening onto the courtyard, but also a performance hall [ 3 ] or theater on the street side [ 6 ] . A second circular courtyard was behind the building at the bottom of the first courtyard. On two sides of the round courtyard were two fresh rooms in two small buildings. A double row of lodges and cages serving as an aviary surrounded the courtyard [ 3 ] .

Scottish gardener Thomas Blaikie described the garden in this way [ 17 ] :

‘ This garden is, without doubt, an example of extravagance rather than taste. There is a rock built in front of the house, or rather an arch made of great blocks of stone over which water seems to flow. But although it was built at great cost, it has nothing to do with nature or natural beauty, since the rocks are mixed with carved stones, and there is a small Corinthian temple in the centre, and all the rest is equally ridiculous, because there is no mountain or height in the vicinity to form this enormous mass of rocks. »

– Thomas Blaikie

“This garden is, without a doubt, an example of extravagance rather than taste. There is a rock built in front of the house, or rather an arch made of large blocks of stone over which the water seems to flow. But although it was built at great cost, it has nothing to do with nature or natural beauty, since the rocks are mixed with carved stones, and there is a small Corinthian temple in the center, and all Remain is also ridiculous, because there is no mountain or height in the surroundings to form this enormous mass of rocks. »»

Likewise, the painter Élisabeth vigée the brown described her visits to madness in these terms:

“[…] When M. de Sainte-James arranged his house and his magnificent garden of Neuilly, which was always called the Sainte-James madness, he undertook me to dine there with some of my friends. This day was pleasant; He walked us in this beautiful park, which had just cost him treasures. Among other crazy expenses, we had built a dummy rock, whose huge stones, brought no doubt, and at great cost, looked like only suspended. I admitted that I crossed it very quickly, as these immense vaults seemed not very solid.
It was in this superb home that M. de Sainte-James liked to give real parties. I went there one day to see the comedy play. So many people were invited and traversed the garden before and after the show, we thought they were in a public walk. »»

– Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun, Souvenirs

Currently, the factories and the wooden steps are prohibited from access by a fence for reasons of protection and safety while waiting for their catering.

  • Le jardin clos Art déco vu légèrement de côté avec la Folie en arrière-plan à gauche. À gauche (1er plan) une allée décorée de briques, au centre une pelouse entouré de buissons taillés.

    The enclosed art deco garden and madness.

  • Le portique du Rocher vue de face. Derrière les colonnes, une niche en voûte en plein cintre en pierre claire. Des rochers de grès du rocher surplombent le portique.
  • Le Grand Rocher, à l’ombre. Le dessus du Rocher est couvert de végétation. Une haie masque la partie basse.
  • Vaste pelouse ensoleillée, avec quelques arbres, la Folie est au fond au milieu.

The Cabinet of Natural History or Music Pavilion [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

At the north end of the original park is the natural history or music pavilion cabinet. It is a small square building of brick and stone built around 1784 by Jean-Baptiste Chaussard to exhibit the collection of minerals and shells of Baron de Sainte-James [ 18 ] . Most of them were brought back by the Count of Puységur, the king’s ship and oceanographer. The three hot and cold greenhouses surrounding the cabinet and in which exotic fruits were cultivated and flowers disappeared in 1812 [ 19 ] . They extended to an extension of the front facade of the natural history cabinet and on its sides. The cold greenhouses were on the north side. The pavilion became a chapel when the madness of Saint James became a rest house in 1851.

The interior notably includes a splendid dome decorated with paints painted by the hutyer in the form of boxes and rosettes in the ancient style. The top of the dome is a conical canopy, surmounted by a sheet metal flame, allowing zenithal lighting. A wind rose adorns the inside summit of the canopy under the flame. Inside, the four doors are surmounted by stucco eardrums appearing two women in ancient attire holding garlands on each side of a tripod vase with ram heads. Between the four eardrums there are four cul-de-four vaults decorated with boxes [ 19 ] . The pendants separating these eardrums from these vaults are alternately decorated with an allegory of renown holding a trumpet or an allegory of the winged victory carrying a crown [ 19 ] . The acanthus leaves pediments directly above the doors, the palm tree at the bottom of the dome, the frieze of Rais-de-Coeur around the eardrums and the pearls complete this decor in the ancient. The pavilion is today between two buildings, between the villa of Madrid and the rue du Général Henrion-Berthier (n ° 3-5), the park around it having been loti. It is inaccessible to the public (except, sometimes, during heritage days) and in a fairly average state. It belongs to the town of Neuilly [ 20 ] .

  • Façade du cabinet d'Histoire Naturelle. Façade sobre dont le crépi blanc sale est fissuré et s'écaille. Des mauvaises herbes tout autour.
  • Vue intérieure du cabinet d’histoire naturelle, il y a une porte de chaque côté de la photo et une niche avec voûte en cul-de-four au centre. Éclairage naturel grâce à la verrière.
  • L’intérieur de la coupole à caissons du Cabinet d’Histoire Naturelle. La verrière est au centre, en bas deux tympans sculptés des portes avec entre eux une des voûtes en cul-de-four. Éclairage zénithal par la verrière. Décors à dominante blanche, saufs les caissons et le fond des tympans en stuc jaune.

Elevations by Krafft and Ransonnette of madness and factories:

  • Élévation des façades en noir et blanc. En bas, la façade donnant sur la cour d’honneur, en haut la façade donnant sur le jardin.
  • Plan de la Folie et des communs en noir et blanc. En bas, le rez-de-chaussée, en haut, le premier étage. Les communs en U du côté gauche, la Folie sur la droite.

    Plan of madness and outbuildings.

  • Élévation en noir et blanc de la façade arrière du Grand Rocher. En bas à gauche, section du Rocher au niveau de la partie centrale, en bas à droite, section de l’un des côtés.

    Rear facade of the large rock and two sections of it.

  • Élévation du Grand Rocher, celui-ci apparaît au devant d’arbres. En bas à gauche de la planche, un plan des pièces, en bas à droite, « Plan du Rocher à vue d’oiseau. ».
  • Élévations, coupes et détails de fabriques. Noir et blanc. De haut en bas : le Jeu Egyptien, la Balançoire, le Jeu de Bague, le Treillage.

    From top to bottom: Egyptian game, swing, ring game, trellis.

  1. ↑ Christiany et allain, The art of gardens in Europe , Citadelles, 2006.
  2. ↑ History of madness Saint-James , www.lyc -st-James-euilly.ac-titailles.fr , accessed July 5, 2013.
  3. ↑ A b c d e f g h i j k l m n o and p Jean Charles Ravine , Collection of civil architecture, containing the plans, cuts and elevations of castles, country houses and rural dwellings, English gardens, temples, cottages, kiosks, bridges, etc., … located around Paris and in neighboring departments (new edition.) , Paris, Bance elder, , 264 p. , grand in-folio (BNF  30694347 , read online ) , “House Sainte-James”, p. 20-22; 97-114 .
  4. ↑ Folie Saint-James , www.neuillysurseine.fr , accessed July 7, 2013.
  5. ↑ Syham N., “Saint James madness in Neuilly becomes 20 It is Hauts-de-Seine departmental park » , Neuilly Journal , put online on April 5, 2011, accessed July 10, 2013.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h and 1 Dominique Césari, with the help of Philippe Baudard de Fontaine, The madness of Baudard de Sainte-James , www.parcsfabriques.org , page created on March 5, 2000, update on August 23, 2009, accessed July 8, 2013.
  7. ↑ A b c d e f g h i j k and l The Saint-James Folie Park , Promenades.hauts- deine.net , accessed July 7, 2013.
  8. ↑ Memoirs of Madame la Duchess d’Abrés, or historical memories on Napoleon, Revolution, Directory, Consulate, Empire and Restoration , 1833 .
  9. ↑ ‘ ‘ Folie Saint-James » , notice n O  PA00088127 », Census Buildings MH, Ref. PA00088127, Base Mérimée, Ministry of Culture.
  10. ↑ Thierry Hillériteau, Jean-Bernard Litzler, Alexandra Michot, “Neuilly-sur-Seine, the green breakaway at the gates of Paris” , Le Figaro , put online on May 17, 2011, accessed July 10, 2013.
  11. ↑ a et b ‘ Saint-James madness between history and future », HDS.mag , n O 35, , p. sixty one (ISSN  1966-6667 , read online , consulted the ) .
  12. ↑ a et b Yoann Duval, ‘ The follies of the general council sizes » , on lepoint.fr , (consulted the ) .
  13. ↑ Émile Vast, “La Folie Saint James, between past and future”, Magazine of the Hauts-deeine N ° 40, Mars-Vril 2015, p. 54-57.
  14. ↑ As indicated on the following elevation: File: Elevation of madness Saint-James.jpg.
  15. ↑ As indicated on the following elevation: File: Elevation of the large rock of the Parc de la Folie Saint-James (01) .jpg.
  16. ↑ La Folie Saint-James , on www.nicolaslefloch.fr , accessed July 7, 2013.
  17. ↑ Quoted by Christiany and Allain, The art of gardens in Europe , page 332, Citadelles, 2006.
  18. ↑ Music pavilion: Former Natural History Cabinet of Folie St-James , www.neuillysurseine.fr , accessed July 7, 2013.
  19. ↑ A B and C “The music pavilion, former natural history cabinet” , Description by the Directorate of Cultural Affairs, published in 2009, accessed July 7, 2013.
  20. ↑ Audrey Levy, ‘ In the town hall’s handle » , on lepoint.fr , (consulted the ) .

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