Schozosacarmyes Pombe — Wikipedia

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Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Schizosaccharomyces
Alcohol

Species

Schizosaccharomyces pombe belongs to the class of Ascomycetes mushrooms. It is a particular sort of yeast, also called “fission yeast”, which has the particularity of reproducing by quoting, from the mother cell, in two daughter cells of identical size ^{[ first ]} . It is used as a model organism in cellular and molecular biology which makes it possible to understand more complex organisms ^{[ 2 ]} .
It is partially domesticated, especially to make beers ( Alcohol means beer in Swahili) ^{[ 3 ]} . It was isolated in 1890 of an east of Africa beer based on millet and described by Paul Lindner in 1893 ^{[ 4 ]} .

It is an eukaryote unicellular organism, whose cells are cylindrical. These cells generally measure 7 to 14 micrometers in length and 4 in width.
It is found on the grapes and in the fermentation mixtures.

His name, containing the prefix schizo which means “split” or “cut in half” ^{[ 5 ]} , comes from the fact that it practices a division by median fission. Two types of reproduction cycle exist in Schizosaccharomyces pombe ^{[ 6 ]} :

• Asexual reproduction: The G2 phase is relatively long because the cell grows enormously; in phase M, a duplication of the nucleus and therefore of the genome takes place; The two nuclei will migrate to one of the poles; In G1, a separation is made between the two compartments so that ultimately, in phase S, two haploid cells are formed;
• Sexual reproduction: in Schizosaccharomyces pombe There are two different cells, P (or H+) and M (or H-). They are both necessary to make a sexual reproduction by conjugation during which the cells, as well as their nucleus, will merge ^{[ 7 ]} . Two consecutive meioses will then take place to train 4 haploid nuclei in the cell. A sporulation phase will train the 4 spores which will then be released.

The cells maintain their elongated shape by growing only by their extremities and are divided by a median fission, thus producing two daughter cells of equal size, which makes them a powerful tool for the study of the cell cycle and its regulation.

Its cell division is regulated by the KINASE POM1 protein ^{[ 8 ]} .

S. pombe has 4,800 orf, three chromosomes, one of the smallest genomes identified from an eucaryotal organization ^{[ 9 ]} , and a dominant haploid phase in its biological cycle (and in a characteristic way a very long G2 phase). The sequence of its genome was published in 2002, by a consortium led by the Institut de Sanger (this is the sixth Eukaryote sequenced model).