Terfesse — Wikipedia

Terfesse , terfèze , terfez ^{[ first ]} , terfès , terfass ^{[ 2 ]} or Terifass ^{[ 2 ]} , sand truffle ^{[ 2 ]} or desert truffle ^{[ 2 ]} , are commercial appellations of edible species of hypogeous mushrooms ^{[ 2 ]} Truffle related ^{[ 3 ]} .

They are not recognized in France as truffles, because this appellation is reserved for kinds Tuber ^{[ first ]} .

They were found in the arid and semi-arid areas of the Kalahari desert, the Mediterranean basin, Kurdistan, Syria, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, the Negev Desert In Israel/Palestine, Sahara, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Libya, Spain, Greece, Cyprus and Hungary ^{[ 4 ]} , Croatia and China ^{[ 5 ] , [ 6 ]} .

They also grow in the countries of North Africa, such as Algeria ^{[ 2 ]} , Tunisia ^{[ first ]} and Morocco ^{[ 4 ] , [ 2 ]} .

The desert truffles have several different vernacular names which participate in the confusion between the different species. ^{[ 4 ]} Some are derived from Latin terphezia , which designated this truffle which was the subject of trade in the era of ancient Rome ^{[ 7 ]} .

In Iran, they are called Donbalan or Dombal.

They are called Domalan in the regions of Central Anatolia and Kurdistan, also Keme on the Syro-Kurdish border.

In Algeria, Morocco and Tunisia, they are called Terfez, the Bedouins of the Western desert call them terfas ترفاس. It is not uncommon to see the following terms: Terfesse, Terfèze, Terfez, Terfès, Terfass or Terifass ^{[ 4 ]}

In Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Oman, they are named فقع (pronounced Faga ‘or Faqa‘).

In Saudi Arabia, there are two varieties. The khalasi are oval with black skin and an ivory rosé interior, and zubaidi have a cream color, but are generally more expensive.

In Syria, and in Libya Terfase ترفاس, they are known by their classic Arabic name, Kamaaa as.

The Iraqis call them Kamaaa , appraisal or chima كمأ, according to local dialects.

The Hebrew word is kmehin ( khiha in the singular).

In the south of Spain, they are known as classes or CREDILLAS and in the Canary Islands, under the name of Popes .

In Botswana, they are called apology .

Nama-Damara call them navel , they are also known as “Kalahari truffles”.

In Hungary, they are known as sand truffle (“Sand truffles”) and are sold at the English -speaking nations under the name of honey truffles.

In ocean countries, there is a certain confusion concerning the desert truffle, because yam is often also called the common truffle of the desert ( common desert truffle ) ^{[ 8 ]} .

If they do not have the scent of the real gastronomic truffle, they have their place in the kitchens where they are traditional, like Arab and Jewish gastronomy.

They contain a lot of linoleic acid and therefore have an undeniable nutritional value ^{[ 2 ]} .

Species list ^{[ 9 ]} found under these names, as well as their possible commercial names ^{[ 2 ]} :

References [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

• Lahsen News , Larbi Najimk , Marie-Claude Janex-Favre and Agnès Parquey-Leduc « Contribution to the study of Morocco’s mycological flora. Moroccan truffles (discomycetes) », Bulletin of the Mycological Society of France , vol. 117, n ^O 3, 2001 , p. 213-229 ( résumé ) .
• (in) Jesus Ten , José Luis Manjón and Francis Martin , ‘ Molecular phylogeny of the mycorrhizal desert truffles ( Terfezia and Tirmania ), host specificity and edaphic tolerance » , Mycology , vol. ninety four, n ^O 2, mars 2002 , p. 247–259 (ISSN  0027-5514 And 1557-2536 , DOI  10.1080/15572536.2003.11833230 , read online , consulted the 28 mars 2020 ) .
• Zohra Fort , Diversity of species of terf (sand truffles) of Algerian arid areas (Conference article), December 2009 ( read online ) .
• (in) Varda Kagan-Zur , Nurit Roth-Bejerano , The boy Sitrit et Asunción Death , Desert truffles : phylogeny, physiology, distribution and domestication , Heidelberg, Springer Science, two thousand and thirteen , 397 p. (ISBN  978-3-642-40096-4 And 3-642-40096-5 , OCLC  864181955 , read online ) .