[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/thami-el-glaoui-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/thami-el-glaoui-wikipedia\/","headline":"Thami El Glaoui \u2014 Wikipedia","name":"Thami El Glaoui \u2014 Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Thami El Mezouari El Glaoui (en arabe: Al -Tohamy Al -Mazwari Al -Kalawi), n\u00e9 en 1879 \u00e0 t\u00e9louet o\u00f9","datePublished":"2021-01-29","dateModified":"2021-01-29","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":100,"height":100},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/thami-el-glaoui-wikipedia\/","wordCount":4380,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Thami El Mezouari El Glaoui (en arabe: Al -Tohamy Al -Mazwari Al -Kalawi), n\u00e9 en 1879 \u00e0 t\u00e9louet o\u00f9 il est mort lee January 23, 1956 [ first ] , sometimes nicknamed “the black panther” or “the squire of Telouet” [ 2 ] , is one of the most famous Moroccan pashas.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4His surname El Mezouari is of its origin from a title given to one of his ancestors by Isma\u00efl Ben Ch\u00e9rif in 1700. “El Glaoui” refers to the chiefdom of the Glaoua tribe – Berbers of the Kasbah of Telouet in High Atlas and Marrakech. El Glaoui succeeded at the head of the Glaoua following the death of his older brother El Madani. Ally of the French protectorate in Morocco, he worked for the reversal of the sultan Mohammed IN . The October 25, 1955 , El Glaoui demands the restoration of the Sultan and the independence of Morocco.          (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Thami was born in 1879 into the Imzouren family of the A\u00eft Telouet tribe, a southern glaoua clan. Thami El Glaoui is the son of Telouet Ca\u00efd Si Mohamed Ben Hammou, also known as Tibibit [ 3 ] , and Zohra Oum El Kha\u00efr, an Ethiopian slave [ 4 ] . When his father dies the August 4, 1886 , followed by power his older brothers if Mhamed then a year later Madani whose Thami became the Khal\u00eef (the assistant and substitute) [ 5 ] . In the fall of 1893, returning from a tax collection expedition, Sultan Moulay Hassan and his army were surprised by a snowstorm. Madani comes to their aid and the grateful sultan offers him caidats from Tafilalet to the Souss, as well as a Krupp 77 Canon mm , the only weapon of this type in Morocco outside the imperial army. This equipment will be decisive in the superiority of the glaoua in the face of rival warlords [ 6 ] . In 1902, the Glaoui forces led by Madani and Thami joined the imperial army of Moulay Abdelaziz during the expedition against Bou Hmara. When the pretender in the throne dwelled the sultan’s forces, Madani was appointed as a scapegoat and humiliated for months at the court before being authorized to join his fief. He was therefore working on the deposition of Moulay Abdelaziz carried out in 1907 with the coronation of Abdelhafid Ben Hassan (Moulay Hafid) who, recognizing, appointed in 1909 [ 2 ] Madani Grand Vizir, et Thami Pacha de Marrakech [ 6 ] .        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Following the reigns of Moulay Abdelaziz and Moulay Hafid, Morocco is ruined [ Ref. desired] . The situation leads first population revolts [ Ref. desired] then one intervention of the French army thus protecting its nationals and economic interests [ Ref. desired] . The situation deteriorating, the glaoua were designated as responsible. The sultan first accuses Madani of retaining taxes, and in 1911 shot the glaoua of titles and responsibilities [ 6 ] . In 1912, the Sultan was forced to sign the Treaty of Fez, which in exchange for the protection of the Sultan in the face of his opponents signed the organization of the French protectorate on the Cherifian Empire. This event is poorly received by the population (see bloody days of Fez), and that same year, Moulay Ahmed El Hiba took control of Marrakech by asking for the hostage of all Christians in the city at Pasha Driss Mennou (replacing Thami ). The latter take refuge with Thami who delivers them, except a sergeant whom he hides and to whom he gives a means of communication with the French army. [ Ref. desired] El Hiba is weakened by French forces, Driss Mennou goes to the offensive and releases the hostages that return to Thami in order to recover their things. The French army finding them at Thami concluded that he alone has released them and appoints him Pasha de Marrakech. Thami, realizing that the French represent the power in place, align. He therefore participated in the pacification of Morocco on behalf of the French protectorate. [ Ref. desired] In 1917, he participated in the Sous column to avenge the death of the Pasha of Taroudant, Ha\u00efda or Mouis. At the head of a military column led by General de Lamothe, he joined Tiznit where the “Captain Chleuh”, L\u00e9opold Justinard, and Ca\u00efd Ta\u00efeb El Goundafi is already located [ 7 ] . On the death of Madani in 1918, France affirms, through the resident general Lyautey, his alliance with Thami by naming him alone inherit from the Glaoui dynasty, thus excluding Madani’s sons from the legitimate succession – with the exception of If Hammou, stepfall of Madani who remains Aglaw (Ca\u00efd) of Telouet and his arsenal, until his death in 1934. [ Ref. desired] The Palais de Telouet, summer residence of El Glaoui (below the Tichka pass, in Arabic Tizi N’Tichka) is a luxurious kasbah, in fact, in 1920, all the electric conduits were embedded; Thami has herds of horses (over a hundred), donkeys, dromedaries, and sheep with shepherds for each species. Thami’s influence and fortune will go growing. His position as Pasha and his skill earned him friends among the great people of the world. He is often visiting in European capitals and his guests in Marrakech include Winston Churchill, Colette, Maurice Ravel, Charlie Chaplin. [ Ref. desired] He witnessed the coronation of Queen Elisabeth II as a private guest of Winston Churchill. He offers a gift crown and a sumptuous set dagger which are refused because Thami is not considered representative of a government. [ Ref. desired] He draws his fortune from his lands, and his interests in French mines and factories. His fortune was evaluated in his time at $ 50 million, or 880 million dollars current [ 8 ] . In December 1950, he asked Sultan Mohammed V to no longer follow the Istiqlal party favorable to the independence of Morocco. El Glaoui is insolent with regard to the Sultan during a hearing and is prohibited at the Royal Palace. [ Ref. desired] On March 20, 1953, Thami El Mezouari El Glaoui made a petition signed a petition asking for the deposition of Mohammed V [ 9 ] . The August 20, 1953 , while Mohammed Ben Arafa briefly becomes Sultan, Mohammed V as well as Crown Prince Moulay Hassan (future Hassan II) are arrested and exiled in Corsica and then in Madagascar. [ Ref. desired] When they returned from exile, El Glaoui submits and dies shortly after in Marrakech [ Ref. desired] , of cancer [ Ref. desired] , in January 1956 . Thami El Glaoui had Eleven children, eight sons and three daughters [ Ref. desired] , including if Brahim El Glaoui, husband of the author and director C\u00e9cile Aubry. On the one hand of his two wives: Lalla Zineb El Mokri is the mother of her sons Hassan El Glaoui, future painter, and Abdessadeq, who will become president of the Court of Auditors during the reign of Hassan II [ Ref. desired] ; Lalla Fadna is the mother of her daughter Khaddouj and her son Mehdi, lieutenant 3 It is Moroccan spahis regiment of the French expeditionary force in Italy of Marshal June, mortally injured in May 1944 In its tank in the village of Ceccano [ Ref. desired] . On the other hand of his three concubines: Lalla Kamar Torkia had four sons, Abdellah, Ahmed, Madani and Brahim, future father of actor Mehdi (by the actress, novelist and director C\u00e9cile Aubry); Lalla Nadida had a son, Mohammed, and a daughter, Fattouma; Lalla Zoubida had a daughter, Saadia. The first two were Turkish musicians who joined his harem [ ten ] . French blogger Kenza Sadoun-El Glaoui, founder of “La Revue de Kenza” [ 11 ] , and his brother Diego Sadoun El Mezraoui El Glaoui [ twelfth ] Compagnon d’Iris mittenaere [ 13 ] , are by their mother the great grandchildren of Thami El Glaoui [ 14 ] . By his son the painter Hassan El Glaoui, he is the grandfather of Touria El Glaoui, founder of the Fair 1:54 of contemporary and African art. Thami El Glaoui received the following decorations: Grand-Cross of the Legion of Honor (1925); Grand-Officer of the Legion of Honor (1919); Commander of the Legion of Honor (1913); Officer of the Legion of Honor (1912); Knight of the Legion of Honor (1912); 1914-1918 war cross with two fins ( December 16, 1916 After the campaign in the Sektana and June 18, 1917 in Tiznit). \u2191 El Glaoui 2004, p. 343.  \u2191 a et b Mr. Peyron, “Glaoui\/glaoua” , In Berber encyclopedia , 1999 (DOI\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4000\/encyclopedieberbere.1736 , read online ) , p. 3151-3160 .  \u2191 Lahnite 2011, p. 81-82.  \u2191 Lahnite 2011, p. 82.  \u2191 Lahnite 2011, p. 84.  \u2191 A B and C Maxwell 2004.  \u2191 L\u00e9opold Justinard, A great Berber chief, the Ca\u00efd Goundafi , Casablanca, Atlantides, 1951 , p. 146  \u2191 \u00ab\u00a0Ruska, Dr Ernst August Friedrich, (25 Dec. 1906\u201327 May 1988), Director, Fritz Haber Institute, Max Planck Society for Advancement of Science, Berlin, 1957\u201374, now Director Emeritus\u00a0\u00bb , In Who Was Who , Oxford University Press, first is December 2007 ( read online )  \u2191 Yvonne Samama, Be notable in the Maghreb , Tunis, research institute on the contemporary Maghreb, 2006 , 371 p.  ( read online ) , “Thami al-Glaoui or the emergence of a parallel power strong in Morocco (late 19th-milieu-century)”  \u2191 El Glaoui 2004, p. 384.  \u2191 ‘ Kenza Sadoun-El Glaoui, Parisian mother and star blogger \u00bb , on journaldesfemmes.fr , January 18, 2021 (consulted the October 11, 2021 ) .  \u2191 ‘ Diego el Glaoui – The biography of Diego El Glaoui \u00bb , on Gala.fr  (consulted the October 11, 2021 ) .  \u2191 ‘ Iris Mittenaere reappears a subscriber after a “clumsy” comment on his companion Diego El Glaoui \u00bb , on Femmectuelle.fr , October 16, 2020 (consulted the October 11, 2021 ) .  \u2191 Rose-Laure Bendavid, ‘ Kenza Sadoun El Glaoui – Princess and Queen of Fashion \u00bb , on Paradch.com , 25 mars 2014 (consulted the October 11, 2021 ) .  Table of ContentsRelated articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Bibliography [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Videos [ modifier | Modifier and code ] external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ] Bibliography [ modifier | Modifier and code ] J\u00e9r\u00f4me and Jean Tharaud, Marrakech or the Lords of Atlas , Plon, Paris, 1920 ( first re editing), 284 p.  (BNF\u00a0 35870616 ) . (in) Gavin Maxwell, Lords of the Atlas\u00a0: the rise and fall of the house of Glaoua, 1893-1956 , London, Eland, 2004 , 316 p.  (ISBN\u00a0 978-0-907871-14-9 And 0-907871-14-3 , Online presentation ) :First edition: Longmans, Greens & Co., London, 1966, 318 p. . Abdelssadeq El Glaoui , The rallying: the glaoui, my father (story and testimony) , Rabat, Marsam, 2004 , 391 p.  (ISBN\u00a0 9981-149-79-9 , read online )  [ Online overview ] . Hassan Hamdani, ‘ Thami El Glaoui: the pasha who could have been king \u00bb , Telquel , May 17, 2012 . Abraham Lahnite, The Berber policy of the French protectorate in Morocco, 1912-1956 , Harmattan, 2011 (ISBN\u00a0 978-2-296-54980-7 And 2-296-54980-2 , Online presentation ) . Videos [ modifier | Modifier and code ] external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki32\/thami-el-glaoui-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Thami El Glaoui \u2014 Wikipedia"}}]}]