tokyo meter — wikipedia

The Tokyo metro ( Tokyo subway , Tōkyō no chikatetsu ^? ) is one of the public transport systems serving Tokyo’s agglomeration in Japan. It consists of the lines of two companies: Tokyo Metro and Toei.

The first line of the Tokyo metro, the Ginza line, was opened in 1927.

Most of the Tokyo metro lines are interconnected with suburban trains networks: so in addition to the owner company, several railway companies use the same metro line. On these lines, the equipment used and the destinations are very varied. For example, the Keikyū railway company connects Narita and Haneda airports via the Asakusa metro line managed by the Toei company (see the interconnections in the tables below).

The Yamanote circular line and the transversal lines Chūō and Chūō-Sōbu of the JR East are not part of the metro network, although the correspondences between stations in the center of Tokyo are numerous.

Automatic driving lines such as the Yurikamome line or the Nippori-Toneri Liner are not considered to be part of the Tokyo metro network.

Tokyo Metro lines [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

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Entrance to the Sakuradamon station on the Yūrakuchō line

Formerly called in English Teito Rapid Transit Authority (or Eidan Subway ), this company has taken its new name, TOKYO METRO, the first ^is April 2004 .

It currently manages the following nine lines:

Toei lines [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The Transport Bureau of the Tokyo Metropolis, commonly called toei ( Metropolitan ^? ) , manages the following four lines:

Pricing depends on the route taken. At the entrance to metro stations are ticket distributors, generally accompanied by a plan indicating the amount required for each destination. The minimum amount of a journey is 160 yen (130 yen on the Yamanote line). The ticket must be validated at the entrance and is requested at the exit. If you decide to extend the route along the way, it is possible to pay the supplement at the exit.

To overcome these adjustments, many inhabitants use prepaid cards, 1,000, 3,000, or 5,000 yen, which are automatically debited from the amount corresponding to the route made ( Passnet ). Unfortunately, these cards are only valid for the two metros networks and the private railway lines. The Japan Railways (JR) trains as well as the Tokyo monorail use another type of card (SUICA). This incompatibility has been resolved since mid-March 2007 with the launch of a new card common to all companies, PASMO, SUICA also becoming Interoperable.

There are also different types of pass at the day :

• the Tokyo Free Ticket Allows you to make unlimited journeys for a day on all metro lines (Tokyo Metro and Toei), on the bus lines and TOEI tram, as well as on the JR train lines in the 23 arrondissements of the city of Tokyo. The price is 1,580 yen and 790 yen for children. However, this pass does not allow you to travel with private rail lines, private bus lines or JR trains in the Tokyo prefecture, outside the city limits;
• the One-day Travel Pass is a valid ticket for a day on TOEI and Tōkyō Metro metro networks. The price is 1,000 yen for adults and 500 yen for children;
• the One-Day Open Ticket is a valid ticket for a day on the entire Tōkyō Metro network. The price is 710 yen for adults and 360 yen for children;
• the Toei One-Day Economy Pass is a valid ticket for a day on the entire TOEI network (metro, bus, tram). The price is 700 yen for adults and 350 yen for children;
• the Toei Bus One-Day Economy Pass is a valid ticket for a day on the entire TOEI bus network. The price is 500 yen for adults and 250 yen for children.

There is also a Tokunai Free Pass , ticket valid for a day on the entire JR network within the limit of the 23 district of Tokyo. The price is 730 yen for adults and 360 yen for children.

Beginning November 2011 , the two metro operators announce that they want to unify their services, gradually deleting the barriers between their networks in common stations, and setting up reduced prices for journeys using the two networks (with two separate tickets) ^{[ 2 ]} .

Fight against sexual assault [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

In 1912, while rail transport developed throughout the country, cars reserved for women were put into service on the railway lines of the Japanese capital. This system is inspired by an initiative implemented in New York, in the United States, three years earlier. Called “Fleur train” ^{[ 3 ] , [ 5 ]} , these passenger cars are available during peak hours and have the social function of preserving women from the vicinity of “laborious class” men ^{[ 6 ]} . The cars reserved for women are abandoned after the Second World War. Following pressing requests from civil society, they were restored in 1947 and maintained, until 1973 ^{[ 9 ]} , on the Chūō line which crosses the agglomeration of Tokyo from west to east ^{[ 6 ] , [ 7 ]} . In 1999, cars reserved for women were reintroduced in the suburbs of the Keiō line. According to Keiō company, this new service, available only in the evening, aims to ensure the safety of women, often faced with salarymen Drunk, returning home late at night ^{[ 6 ]} . In the early 2000s, the initiative was taken over by other railway companies, under pressure from the police (the Metropolitan Police Department, in Tokyo ^{[ ten ]} ). In 2004, 2 201 cas sexual harassment are reported to the police. Attacks mainly take place in the morning, between 7 and 9 h ^{[ 7 ]} . From 2005, most operators in the Japan railway lines set up cars reserved for women ^{[ 11 ] , [ 6 ] , [ 8 ]} . Reserved cars, reported by the message ” women only “(” Reserved for women “) ^{[ twelfth ] , [ 13 ]} , are generally placed at the end of the train, accessible at peak hours, sometimes all day. No legal sanction is provided to dissuade men from using the service ^{[ 11 ]} . Responding to the increase in the number of sexual assaults in the metro, Tokyo police deployed, in 2009, surveillance patrols throughout the capital’s rail network. Information campaigns against Much are also organized ^{[ 14 ]} . In the Tokyo metro, the security prevention measure is extended to children of primary education or suffering from a handicap, according to a directive promulgated by the Ministry of the Territory, infrastructure, transport and tourism ^{[ 13 ] , [ 15 ] , [ 8 ]} .

Since the commissioning, in the 2000s, cars reserved for women, men have mobilized to demonstrate their disagreement against a measure devoid of a legal basis ^{[ 16 ]} and deemed discriminatory. Legal actions have even been carried out, but without success ^{[ ten ]} . In the 2010s, the expansion of the use of social networks amplified and structured the mobilization of men against cars reserved for women in public transport and carried their message of protest in the media ^{[ ten ]} . In Tokyo, men no longer hesitate to use the service reserved for women, carrying out ad hoc actions to assert their point of view. They argue in particular that the service maintains the idea that all men are potentially sexual attackers. An anti-discrimination movement ^{[ 17 ]} formed ^{[ 18 ]} . For their part, women come together and claim that the cars reserved for women are prohibited from access to men ^{[ 19 ] , [ ten ] , [ 20 ]} . In 2017, among the 1,750 sexual assaults recorded by the Tokyo police, three -quarters took place on a train or station ^{[ 21 ]} .

Accident [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The 8 mars 2000 , a derailment in Naka-Meguro of a train from the Hibiya line followed by a collision with a Tōyoko line arriving in the opposite direction is five dead and 63 injured ^{[ 22 ]} .

Terrorist attack [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The 20 mars 1995 , a terrorist attack on the Japanese sect Aum Shinrikyo, with Sarin gas, left twelve dead and thousands of injured in the Tokyo metro. The number of deaths remained limited thanks to the impurity of the gas.

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