VAULENT GRANGE – Wikipedia

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Villeron - Grange de Vaulerent - 3.jpg

The barn, its dovecote and part of the main building

Presentation
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Agricultural exploitation

Current destination

Agricultural exploitation

Style

medieval

Construction

1220-1230

Heritage
Carte

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The vausel barn or Vaulerand is a former Cistercian barn located in Villeron, in the Plaine de France east of Val-d’Oise.

This is an agricultural exploitation that belonged to the chaalis abbey from the XII It is century. The barn still ensures today, almost 800 years later, this agricultural function. Operated directly by the Cistercian Royal abbey and its conversion monks until 1315, it was then entered. It remains the property of the royal abbey until 1791, when it was sold as a national property.

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Current buildings include a storage building, the barn proper, whose construction dates back to XIII It is century and which, 72 meters long, is one of the Cistercian agricultural buildings among the most imposing in France. This barn is classified as a historic monuments by the 1889 list, the Colombier des XVI It is And XVII It is centuries, the well and the cellars of XII It is And XIII It is centuries being registered as historic monuments since the .

The Domaine de Vaulearent is located on a large plateau culminating within a hundred meters, located northeast of the Pays de France. It is bordered to the northeast by the Butte de Montmélian in the town of Saint-Witz, which marks the start of the Valois, and to the south by the Haute Vallée du Croult, in the municipalities of Louvres and Chennevières-lès-Louvres which here forms a small, weakly cashed valley here in which the stream flows only intermittently [ ch 1 ] . The basement of the plateau is made up of limestone known as Saint-Ouen (Bartonian), covered by a thick layer of platform silts. This is at the origin of the remarkable agricultural qualities of the land. It reaches an average thickness of 3 meters on average but can reach up to 6 m as shown by the polls carried out in Roissy-en-France, a little further south [ 3 ] .

Like all granges cereal of chaalis, Vaulerolerent is isolated from any agglomeration, in the middle of the cultivated open fields. The center of the village of Villeron is located 800 m DE is. Ah 1 km To the west passes the old Roman road then Route Royale between Paris and Senlis, which then became a national route 17 and current departmental route 317. The abbey of Chaalis is located for its part at 15 km northeast of La Grange, 20 km approximately by road in the Middle Ages. Nowadays, urbanization is progressing throughout the outskirts of the estate, with the presence of Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle airport located at 3 km further south, the development of subdivisions around the village of Villeron as well as an activity area near the old national road [ 4 ] , [ 5 ] , [ 6 ] .

Plan avec les bâtiments de la ferme en rose, formant un U autour de la cour, fermée par la grange et d'autres bâtiments annexes, avec une grande mare au centre

The Grange buildings in the 1823 cadastre.

The name VAULENT comes from the Latin Valley Lawrence , the “Val de Laurent”. The spelling of the name is constantly evolving over time: Vallorens (1289), Vaulaurent, Volleron … Even today, and even locally or on the ign maps [ 7 ] , the spelling varies between Vaulerand, Vollerand, Vauler and VAULENT. This last spelling is retained by researchers because it is closest to etymology and phonetic evolution [ ch 2 ] .

At the beginning of XIII It is Century, the abbey of Chaalis has eleven barns, three of which are located in the Plaine de France: La Grange de Stains, located in the current commune of Villeneuve-sous-Dammartin (Seine-et-Marne), La Grange de Choisy- In the Bœufs in Vémars (Val-d’Oise) and finally, the largest of all, that of Vaulerent [ fb 1 ] .

The constitution of the domain [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The history of this field is very well known, for these old periods, thanks to the original documents of the abbey kept in the departmental archives of the Oise in Beauvais and the cartulary of this same abbey kept at the National Library of France [ ch 3 ] .

From the Foundation of the Abbey of Chaalis in 1136, the land of Vauler belongs to it. A charter dated 1138 specifies that this land was bought for half by King Louis VI the big and half by the monks themselves. These are lands previously belonging to small local lords: the lords of Villeron, the Soger de Chennevières family (probably that of Suger de Saint-Denis). These are then largely occupied territories by wood and uncultivated lands. After this first royal donation, other gifts come from lords in the surroundings: Barthélemy de Montgé gives 37 arpents in 1139, Guillaume de Goussainville gives 20 arpents in 1140, Gautier d’Aulnay gave a nearby wood around 1143, that the Cistercian monks obtain the right to clear and cultivate [ ch 4 ] .

Between 1140 and 1145, small buildings are built on site: immediately new donations appear: 26 donations of lands are carried out between 1145 and 1148. These lands are located in the parishes of Villeron, Saint-Witz, Francis. Isolated land is also given in Goussainville. These gifts are made at the very moment when Bernard de Clairvaux extends the influence of Cistercians thanks in particular to his preaching of the second crusade. In 1160, 140 arpents ( sixty one hectares) are given by Gui de Senlis, King’s Bouilleiller [ ch 5 ] .

From 1163, the monks start to buy new land all around their field, purchases often disguised in the form of donations. These purchases, made from local lords or other ecclesiastical establishments, make it possible to develop the field but also to reduce landlocked plots. This expansion stops quite clearly in 1173. It only resumes in a more episodic way until around 1212, with purchases from small lords in economic difficulty. 87 plots are thus bought until 1248. We only know the surface of 52 of them: they cover 631 arpents, either 275 ha [ ch 6 ] . The total area in 1248 is estimated, using a document called General condition of the land of Vaulerent , to a fork between 320 and 380 ha . It covers a surface of a single block 4.5 long km From north to south and 1.5 wide by km at most, located between the parishes of Survilliers, Louvres, Roissy and Francis [ ch 7 ] .

The exploitation of the barn in the Middle Ages [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Direct exploitation by monks ( XII It is And XIII It is centuries) [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Moines agenouillés en prière à gauche et moines convers maniant des haches

When the monks acquire these lands, none of them is exploited by a tenant. They are therefore exploited in direct storage by the conversion monks of the abbey. As required by the status of order in 1134, there is less than a day of walking between these lands and the mother abbey. All modern means of agriculture at the time are implemented. Horses are used as draft animals and not oxen, clearing are practiced as well as land improvement, probably by tightness. But above all, the monks are developing a fairly strict triennial console on all of their plots allowing very high hectare yields for the time. The text of 1248 indicates that the first soles are devoted to wheat, the second in fallow and the third in spring cereals, barley mainly. Archive documents of XIII It is century are precise enough to determine which plots were in what soles and in what year. This system will last until XVIII It is century [ ch 8 ] .
Furthermore, the monks practice a deep standard of their land. On the 87 plots identified in acquisitions, the Condition From 1248 only mentioned only 31 in total, a reduction of almost two thirds. Among these plots, nine of them have between 50 and 100 arpents, either between 22 and 45 ha Each, occupying more than 90% of the field. We must therefore imagine a territory of large open cereal fields, contrasting with the small village plots around [ ch 9 ] .

The fertility of the barn ( XIV It is And XV It is centuries) [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

At the beginning of XIV It is Century, the Parisis Region undergoes a serious agricultural crisis linked to execrable climatic conditions, which leads to sharply increased famines and mortality. To this crisis, there are difficulties in recruiting new conversion monks to operate the exploitation. According to Charles Higounet, these problems lead to the decision taken in to rent on farm 3/5 It is Lands to a certain Pierre Bove residing in Vémars, for a period of nine years with the attached buildings. According to Georges Duby, the agricultural crisis must be put into perspective and this decision is more linked to a general trend during this period, among the ecclesiastical and seigniorial farms, to cease direct exploitation and to promote leverage [ 8 ] .

The farm includes, according to the inventory of 1315, 13 mares , 6 cows And 12 perceaux but above all 500 sheep . The ferment, paid by the farmer at the abbey, gives an idea of ​​the yield of wheat land at the time. The amount of this ferment being fixed to 1 123.80 hectoliters of wheat, the minimum yield to reach a profitability threshold allowing to pay this ferment reached 15 hl at the hectare or 12.5 quintals. According to Higounet, the yield per hectare was to be more than 16 quintals the best years. The farm also cultivates the tinctorial guests and a little vineyard [ ch 10 ] .

The fragmentation of the exploitation of the barn continues throughout the XIV It is century and its fully abandoned direct storage-stalling. According to the admission and counting of 1401, the monastic domain then reached 453 ha But it is divided into seven fragments exploited in different ways. Thus, a new barn is strengthened in 1375, to the north of the property, on the lands of the Guépelle (current commune of Saint-Witz) or 79 ha . Other farms are created south of the property, in Goussainville, Louvres and Francis. In addition, part of the lands of Louvres is rented to tenants in the form of censives. These different lands remain, in part, the property of Chaalis but no longer depend on vauge. The barn itself was reported in ruins in 1446, having lost its frame, following the local fights of the Hundred Years War. It is undoubtedly restored in the following years. His farm, that created in 1315, covers, for his part, between 194 and 227 ha [ ch 11 ] .

The exploitation of the farm in modern times [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Dessin représentant le laboureur allongé habillé en tenue Renaissance les mains jointes en prière entouré de décorations architecturales et d'inscriptions

Submit of the tombstone of Anthoine Guérin, plowman in vauge and died in 1612.

We find the trace, in the archives of the farm, of the farm located in the center of the monastic estate in 1537. On this date, it covers 234 ha and is divided into three within the same family, Jean, Claude and Jeanne Bruslé, with 75 farms in 80 ha each. This situation continues at the next generation, the mayor-bruslé, without more division of the domain. At the turn of XVI It is And XVII It is centuries, the partition of the estate was reduced to two, following the move of a branch of the family. The farm is finally completely brought together by Adam Le Febvre in 1649. Despite these successions of the same family on the farm, the situation remains precarious for each farmer because their lease must be always renewed at the same rate of nine years, or the pace of Three assholes, as is the case since 1315. This renewal is often accompanied by the payment of bribes, necessary to keep it: Noël the mayor pays 500 Books in 1630 [ jm 1 ] . The farm remains the property of the abbey of Chaalis and its abboted up to the Revolution. Each year, farmers must bring by convoy of carts the amount of their ferment in kind to the mother abbey. They are even forced to reserve a “suited and well -stocked” room for the officers and servants of the abbot to allow the verification of the state of the field [ jm 2 ] .

Despite this precariousness, this family manages to accumulate enough income to become the owner of land located on other areas. Françoise Ganneron, widow of Guillaume Le Maire, thus owned in 1639, 88 ha land to which are added 51 ha bequeathed to her children [ jm 3 ] . The marked honorability of these plowmen manifests itself in their burial: thus, the brusted family is one of the first to obtain the privilege of being buried directly in the parish church and no longer simply in the cemetery. The Saint-Germain de Villeron church still houses a certain number of their tombstones, including that of Jehan Bruslé, which dates from 1561, that of Anthoine Guérin, who died in 1612 and represented in his slab today, or pulled on his slab today. that of his wife [ jm 4 ] .

At the end of the reign of Louis XIV, the economic crisis that devastates the kingdom also touched the rich farmers of Vaulerent. Land yields are declining strongly due in particular to poor climatic conditions, linked to the peak of the small ice age. Operators cannot support ever higher rents. In 1696, the last lease of Louis Le FEBVRE, which was taken over by another family, ended, that of Jean Navarre, who comes from a family of large plowmen installed in the Villeroy region, near Meaux [ jm 5 ] . In 1708, he gathered to the neighboring farm of Choisy-aux-Bœufs as well as the stately farm of Villeron, the other large farm in the parish, which puts it at the head of a total exploitation of 658 ha And 18 600 rent books. It has 39 horsepower, a thousand sheep and makes work 17 carters [ jm 6 ] .

Plan dessiné avec des bâtiments dessinés en rouge

Plan of the farm as represented in the Atlas of Trudaine, between 1745 and 1780.

Even during the most serious crises, the Vaulent farm remains one of the most productive thanks to its most fertile land in the region. In 1677, the farm obtained a yield of 26 hectoliters of wheat per hectare and in 1702 of 22.4 hl at the hectare. These are among the highest in the country of France throughout the period [ jm 7 ] . Consequently, the rent fixed for the farm is also the highest in the whole region: it is 6 000 books in 1682, 7,000 in 1698, which, brought back to the surface of the farm, represents 13 Books by cultivated hectare [ jm 8 ] . In 1741, Claude Prévost, a new farmer from Villepinte and who succeeded Vaulent in the Navarre in 1731, was the biggest taxpayer of the entire election of Île-de-France with a size rating fixed to 3 640 books ; This is still the case in 1758 with a rating of 3 200 books [ jm 9 ] .

In 1758, according to the after-Decès inventory of Prévost’s wife, the exploitation occupied 220 hectares and ferming costs 7 900 Silver books, 98 oat hectoliters and 367 quintals of straw gorbae. Every year, 85 ha are devoted to the culture of wheat of which 81 wheat , 3.5 rye And 0.5 of Méteil , more than a third of the land. Only 52 ha are devoted to spring cereals (especially oats and legumes) and 74 ha to the fallow. 11 ha are reserved for hay. A large quantity of this wheat is stored on site, with 600 quintals, half of which remains to beat. The farmer also has 16 horses of line (forming 6 teams for seven plows), 316 sheep , 27 cows And 400 poultry . The farmer’s house contains 7 pieces , very numerous furniture, 260 jewelry books and 7 000 cash books. In 1761, Prévost’s daughter married Pierre Mangin, who became the new farmer [ 9 ] .

Contemporary developments [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

In , the lands of the farm, of an area of 234 ha , are sold as a national property. Louis-Michel Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, from a rich family of the nobility of dress and famous revolutionary, acquired it. At the same time, he buys another chaalis barn on sale, Choisy-aux-Bœufs, as well as a farm located in Total, or in total 643 ha Among the most beautiful land in Île-de-France for 1 312 000 books [ ten ] . After her assassination two years later, the domain thus constituted remains in the hands of her daughter, Suzanne Le Peletier de Mortefontaine, until 1829. Three years later, in the estate, she entered the property of Viscountess Marie-Louise TALLEYRAND DE PERIGORD [ 11 ] . In , she sells the estate to Marie Louise Pelline von Dalberg in exchange for a mansion located 25 rue d’Anjou-Saint-Honoré, Paris plus a payment of 120,000 francs [ twelfth ] . Then, the property passes in the hands of Adèle Narcisse Defontaine, countess of Rigny, wife of Henri de Rigny, then Élise Honnoz, Duchess Arright de Casanova, wife of Ernest Arrighi de Casanova and finally to her daughter, Duchess Marie-Adèle-Henriette Riquet de Caraman, wife of Georges-Ernest-Maurice de Riquet de Caraman. The latter gives a lease to a farmer named Albert Lecerf in 1890 [ 13 ] .

champ de betterave au premier plan avec des ouvriers agricoles, fabrique avec sa cheminée et son hangar au fond

The distillery of vauge some time after its construction.

As early as 1889, the barn was classified as historic monuments [ 2 ] , first agricultural barn thus protected in France [ 14 ] .

Laurent Lecerf associated with his son Émile built in 1903, at the entrance to the farm, a distillery with hangars and gaps of beet storage. It produces ethyl alcohol and pulp used for food for livestock. Beet is indeed regularly cultivated on the farm from the last third of the XIX It is century. The whole surplus production is sent to the Villeron sugar refinery, located since 1866 northeast of the estate, on the road to Senlis. The distillery, one of the last active in the country of France, ceased its activity in 1975 [ 15 ] . Émile Lecerf acquired in 1922, all of the land hitherto rented mainly from the Count of Caraman. 214 hectares go back, 600 years Afterwards, in direct storage [ 16 ] . The farm was modernized very quickly, having a tractor from the First World War and three others before the second [ 17 ] .

The dovecote, the cellars and the well are registered as historic monuments by decree of the [ 2 ] , thus completing the protection. A few years later, the loft is the subject of a restoration [ 18 ] . The site is a member of the European abbeys and Cistercian sites charter [ 19 ] .

The descendants of Jean Lecerf, who have become plasma, are still owners of the farm. The latter now extends over approximately 500 ha Located in Villeron but also in Vémars and Chennevières-lès-Louvres. It has diversified in the production of onions and potatoes. It thus produces an average of 2,000 tonnes of wheat, 14,000 t beets and 5,000 t potatoes [ 20 ] . The latter are processed in the packaging factory present on site which has a capacity of 120 tonnes per day, employing in total about twenty employees. It ensures their marketing of the latter under the “Primanord” brand [ 21 ] . The barn appears on the packaging labels.

The entire site of the farm is surrounded by a stone wall undoubtedly built in the current XIV It is century and reinforced by two pepper towers dating from the XV It is century. This small fortification is undoubtedly explained by the disorders known in the region during the Hundred Years War. This wall included an extension to the north and east, still present on the cadastre at the beginning of XIX It is century, enclosing an ancient orchard and vegetable garden. This extension is nowadays lean and the vegetable garden transformed into an agricultural field. Inside, you penetrate by a single door overlooking a paved path. In the enclosure, there is a paved courtyard, with a large pond in its center [ fb 2 ] .

The cereal barn [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Description of the building [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Grand mur triangulaire en partie supérieure dans laquelle se trouve l'entrée de la grange

Southwest gable wall of the barn with its watch turret.
Série d'arcades en pierre calcaire supportant une charpente, vue en contre-plongée

View of the frame and the pillars inside the barn.

It measures 72 m long for 23 m Large is the most imposing building of all the dependencies of the chaalis abbey. Its surface covers 1,656 on the ground m 2 . It is built entirely of regular limestone stones from Saint-Ouen, the local stone. The building has two lines of arcades dividing the space into three vessels of thirteen spans. Foothills strengthen construction on its four sides [ fb 3 ] .

Its southwest gable wall, which amounts to 20.60 m , supports a turret built in size stone and reaching the same height. This includes a screw staircase which leads by a door to the outside on the ground floor and another on the inside, located at 6 m From high, giving in a vacuum. It indicates that a floor existed there, above the main door but it has now disappeared. The staircase of the turret gives to the top on a small watch room, from which one can observe the surroundings by three small windows. Such a turret does not exist or has disappeared on all the other barns of Chaalis, but it still exists on that of the Maubuisson abbey. It is built in a different equipment from the rest of the gable, and according to François Blary, it would have been added to the XIV It is century at the time of the fortification of the domain [ 22 ] , [ 23 ] .

Two doors are pierced in the center of the gable, one pedestrian, the other carter. Just above, there are two levels of twin windows. A small opening on the right dates from the end of the Middle Ages while the large opening on the left, surmounted by a lintel of wood, is XVII It is or XVIII It is century [ fb 3 ] .

The northeast wall-east, reinforced with three buttresses, was completely blind until the addition of a door surmounted by a wooden lintel at the end of modern times. Gouttereaux walls, relatively low (6 m ), were also completely blind, supported by buttresses for some partly ruined or having completely disappeared. In the upper part, crows support the roof above. The frame rests on the series of central arcades and on these drop walls. Each slope has two sides covered with flat tiles. This roof, which is not original as shown by the windows which exceed it at the top at the level of the gable, was probably rebuilt after 1446, the date on which a text describes the ruined barn. Originally, the barn had to have a simple building roof with two long sides [ fb 3 ] .

Inside, the arcades series is supported by twelve square -based pillars and slaughtered angles, one meter side. Arcs are broken in thirds and amount to 13 m height. At the top of each pillar and in the aisles, there are still unused crows which were used to support the old frame. The soil is currently covered with concrete. The building always has a storage and agricultural discount function [ fb 3 ] , [ 18 ] .

Its garning capacities and dating [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

It is difficult to give a date of construction of the entire building, in the absence of archaeological excavations. According to Charles Higounet, we can determine his construction period according to his storage capacities. The interior volume is 6,000 to 7,000 m 3 . Such a volume had to accommodate the two grain harvests of the year, or 3,500 m 3 wheat in sheaves or 2,000 quintals of grain. Such production was carried out in the first decade of XIII It is century. The construction of a building having to reach this volume having then become essential, the barn was undoubtedly built some time later, undoubtedly in the years 1220 or 1230 [ ch 12 ] .

However, this analysis is challenged by Jean-René Trochet. According to him, it is not possible to calculate the garment possible in such a building. Indeed, such a barn can serve as a storage location for both grains and wreaths, but also for vehicles or accessories. Its size can simply be explained by its ostentatious function. The change of the frame can be explained by an adaptation to the new constraints of the exploitation at the end of the Middle Ages [ 24 ] .

The other buildings of the current farm [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Bâtiment cylindrique en moellons, couvert d'un toit conique en tuiles plates et surmonté d'un épi de faîtage métallique

Farm, farm, XVI It is And XVII It is centuries.

The overall shape of the buildings is that of a “U” formed by the buildings located opposite the barn, on the other side of the courtyard. In the center, dominates a circular dovement six meters in diameter. It undoubtedly dates XVI It is And XVII It is centuries. There is also a well with a conical roof with a turned sewer. At the entrance, there are old shameful dwellings [ 25 ] , [ fb 4 ] .

The current main building dates, for its part, XVIII It is or XIX It is century and was transformed at the start of XX It is century by adding one floor. Its basement includes a cellar at 4 m depth, measuring 7.40 m On 6. rectangular in shape, it is vaulted as a cross of warheads based on a central marquee and a column of 60 cm of diameter. François Blary estimates his date of construction around 1,200. A second cellar was discovered by chance during work in 1969 near the first, at 5.75 m depth. Smaller, she was vaulted in a cradle but her access was quickly blocked due to the poor condition of her walls. It probably dates from XII It is century. The access staircase between the two cellars, also now blocked, was 2.60 long m And also vaulted in cradle. At the same time, the main building located just above was to occupy the same ground surface as the cellars but disappeared during the Hundred Years War [ fb 5 ] .

At the entrance to the farm is the old brick distillery with an industrial fireplace and surrounded by storage hangars. Built at the start of XX It is century, it was transformed in 1946 [ 25 ] . It currently serves administrative offices for the agricultural business.

The barn remains relatively little known because the building is not at all visible, even during heritage days. Only the neighboring archaea archaea museum, which presents a model in the medieval state, offers guided tours in a punctual manner [ 26 ] . This barn, however, left traces in both local popular culture and in historiography.

The barn in popular culture [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

Vue de l'ensemble de la grange derrière son mur avec ses deux pignons en pierre et son toit à quatre pans, des ouvriers agricoles dans un champ au premier plan

The “devil’s barn” according to this postcard from the beginning of the century.

An oral tradition designates the medieval storage building under the name of “devil’s barn”. This appellation comes from a local legend about it: a year, the farmer of Vaulent obtained a harvest so abundant that he had nothing to protect it, not having finished the cover of the barn. He concluded a market with the devil: he promised to give him his daughter in exchange for the completion of the roof of the barn before the end of the night marked by the song of the rooster. The work advancing very quickly in the night, the farmer’s wife, being afraid for his daughter, went to the chicken coop to wake up the rooster who began to sing before the start of the day. The roof is not completed, the pact with the devil was broken [ 27 ] .

This legend goes up at least at the start of XVIII It is century. At that time, it turns out that indeed, a fragment of the roof of the barn was not covered. Indeed, Father Lebeuf recounts in his History of the diocese of Paris (1745): “[In Vaulaurent], the people have forged fables on the occasion of the coverage of the barn which remains unpublished and means that the underside is exposed to air insults: but the connoisseurs know the reason physical for which we left this quarter near the open door and without tiles; Slavy to oppose the wind which, blowing through the large door with impetuosity was harmful to the wreath of the wreath » [ 28 ] . This hole in the roof has since disappeared.

The frame of this tale is found in other Cistercian barns, probably because of their imposing size, to the point of giving them a mythical or superhuman origin. This is the recurring theme of the “Durable Devil” to which we ask to build a building (bridge or castle), thus identified in the Aarne-Thompson classification (AT1005). This standard tale is found everywhere in France [ 29 ] .

The barn served as a set of filming for the TV movie The Knight of Maison-Rouge broadcast in 1963 [ 30 ] .

The barn in historiography [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

The work of Charles Higounet on Vaulerent is recognized as precursors in the study of agriculture in the Middle Ages. “Never has the topography of a terroir could have been reconstituted with so much precision” According to Georges Duby. They notably made it possible to better understand the implementation of the triennial convenience system at this time [ thirty first ] . The study and therefore the farm are cited in several medieval rural studies, such as the History of rural France by Georges Duby and Armand Wallon [ 32 ] . Some historians notably American do not hesitate to designate it as the largest cereal farm in Europe in the Middle Ages in the Middle Ages [ 33 ] .

The farm also aroused the interest of archaeologists from the building and architecture historians by the imposing size of its main building, undoubtedly one of the most imposing Cistercian barns [ 34 ] . According to researchers from the general inventory of cultural heritage, it is probably the longest of monastic barns remaining in Europe [ 18 ] . The first studies of the barn date back to the middle of XIX It is century [ 35 ] And it is mentioned in the first studies on Cistercian architecture [ 36 ] . The building also interested the American art historian Walter Horn (1908-1995) and his collaborator architect Ernest Born, from the University of California in Berkeley, who came in the 1960s to carry out specific statements and made Building restitutions in its original state, within the framework of a broader study on the frames of the end of the Middle Ages in Western Europe [ 37 ] , [ 38 ] .

Bibliography [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

  • Charles HIGOUNT , La Grange de Vaulerent: structure and exploitation of a Cistercian terroir in the Plaine de France XII It is – XV It is centuries , Sevpen, coll. “Men and the earth”, , 70 p.
  • Francis Blary , The Domaine de Chaalis, XII It is – XIV It is centuries: archaeological approaches to agricultural and industrial establishments of a Cistercian abbey , Paris, CTHS, , 417 p. (ISBN  2-7355-0172-8 ) , p. 105-123
  • Rémy Guadagnin « La Grange de Vaulerent: a Cistercian exploitation in the plain of France », Live in Val-d’Oise , n O 3, , p. 17-25
  • (in) Walter Horn the Ernest Born , « The Barn of the Cistercian Grange of Vaulerent » , in Antje Kosegarten and Peter Tigler, Commemorative publication Ulrich Middeldorf , Berlin, from Gruyter, , 596 p. , p. 24-41
  • Charles Food , From wheat to sugar: Villeron or changes in a village in Pays de France (1824-1939). Memory of contemporary history , Villetaneuse, Paris XII University, , 172 p.
  • Jean Marc Moriceau , Farmers of Île-de-France: the ascent of agricultural employers ( XV It is – XVIII It is centuries) , Fayard, , 1069 p. (ISBN  2-213-59227-6 )
  • Jean Marc Moriceau , “In the shade of a medieval barn: at the farmer of Vaulering in May 1758” , In On both sides of medieval Normandy. Collection of studies in homage to François Neveux , coll. “Normandy Annals notebooks” ( n O 35), ( read online ) , p. 455-468

Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ]

On other Wikimedia projects:

  1. ↑ Released at the entrance to the barn using Google Maps.
  2. ↑ A B and C Notice n O  PA00080231 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture .
  3. ↑ ‘ Explanatory notice of the geological map of Dammartin-en-Goële, XXIV-13 » [PDF] , on Brgm (consulted the ) , p. 2-3 and 13.
  4. ↑ ‘ The “Porte de Roissy” in Villeron » , on Community of communes Roissy Porte de France (consulted the ) .
  5. ↑ Jean-Paul Charvet, “Urban sprawl and the preservation of heritage specific to” Grande Culture “in Île-de-France: Proceedings of the conference of April 26, 27 and 28, 2006, Longueuil” , in M. Doyon, D. Granjon and C.R. Bryant, The dynamics of territories in peri -urban areas and natural and cultural heritage , Network Cities Régions Monde, Laboratory of Sustainable Development and Territorial Dynamics of the Department of Geography of the University of Montreal and the Commission of the International Geographic Union on Sustainable Development and Rural Environment, ( read online [PDF] ) .
  6. ↑ Bernard Rochon « Medieval barns: abandoned function », Notebooks of the Urban and Rural League , n O 109 “Special number – Cistercian abbeys and their barns”, , p. 52-53 .
  7. ↑ ‘ 1/25,000 card It is »On Geoportail. Or ” 1/50 000 It is »On Geoportail.
  8. ↑ Georges Oaks « Ch. Higounet, La Grange de Vaulerent, structure and exploitation of a Cistercian terroir in the Plaine de France. XII It is And XV It is centuries », Annals. Economies, societies, civilizations , vol. 21, n O 5, , p. 1115-1116 ( read online ) .
  9. ↑ Moriceau 2009, p. 455-468.
  10. ↑ Jean Marc Moriceau , Moving lands: French campaigns of feudalism to globalization XII It is And XIX It is centuries , Paris, Fayard, , 445 p. (ISBN  2-213-61062-2 ) , p. 377 .
  11. ↑ Jean-Marc Moriceau, Moving , p. 397-398 .
  12. ↑ ‘ Legal publications, real estate sales, at Maître GLANDAZ », The right , , p. 4 ( read online )
  13. ↑ Jean Golinelli , The smell of the terroir: Villeron and his plain , Commune of Villeron, , 72 p. , p. 43 .
  14. ↑ ‘ List of barns protected under historic monuments » , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture .
  15. ↑ Food box 1991, p. 141-144.
  16. ↑ KOSSKAS 1991, p. 10-15.
  17. ↑ Food box 1991, p. 48.
  18. ↑ A B and C In Pays de France (Val-d’Oise): cantons of Luzarches, Gonesse and Goussainville , Paris/Cergy-Pontoise, Association for the heritage of Île-de-France/General Council of Val-d’Oise, coll. “Heritage images”, , 104 p. (ISBN  2-905913-23-1 ) , p. 56-57 .
  19. ↑ ‘ Vaulerand barn » , on Site of the European Abbeies and Cistercian Sites Charter (consulted the ) .
  20. ↑ Lunovic Luppino, ‘ What harvest after drought and thunderstorms? » , on Roissymail , (consulted the ) .
  21. ↑ Anne Collin « Villeron: 800 years later, the Cistercian barn still active », The Parisian , ( read online )
  22. ↑ François Blary, “The question of the fortifications of Cistercian establishments ( XIII It is – XV It is centuries) ” , in Hervé Mouillebouche, Castles and prayers. Proceedings of the first conference of Bellecroix October 15-16, 2011 , Chagny, castellology center of Burgundy, (ISBN  978-2-9532994-6-5 ) , p. 208-209 .
  23. ↑ Francis Blary « The question of symbolic and fortified clos of Cistercian establishments ( XIII It is – XV It is centuries) », Bulletin of the Auxerre Medieval Studies Center , n O 12 (special), (DOI  10.4000/cem.17462 )
  24. ↑ Jean-René Trochet , Peasant houses in France and their environment, XV It is At XX It is century , Creaphis Éditions, , 605 p. (ISBN  2-913610-82-X , read online ) , p. 300-303 .
  25. ↑ a et b Notice n O  IA95000094 , Base Mérimée, French Ministry of Culture .
  26. ↑ ‘ Exceptional visit to the VAULENT GRANGE » , on Archea museum site (consulted the ) .
  27. ↑ Guadagnin 1990, p. 24-25.
  28. ↑ Father Jean Lebeuf , History of the city and the whole diocese of Paris , t. 2, 1754 to 1757 ( read online ) , p. 315-316 .
  29. ↑ Philippe Bonter-Laborderie « Mythology and architecture: “La Grange Au Diable” by Warnavillers », Bulletin of the Study Group of Beauvaisis Monuments and Arts of Arts , n O 24 (special number) “wheat and heritage, the Cistercian example”, , p. 23 .
  30. ↑ ‘ Film sheet “Le Chevalier de Maison-Rouge (End alternative)” » , on Val -d’Oise – Land of Cinema (consulted the )
  31. ↑ Pierre Toubert « The historical work of Charles Higounet (1911-1988) », Journal of scholars , n O 1, , p. 135-146 ( read online ) .
  32. ↑ Georges Oaks and Armand Wallon ( you. ), History of rural France , vol. first : The training of French campaigns from origins to XIV It is century , Paris, Seuil, coll. “The historical universe”, , 620 p. (ISBN  2-02-004267-3 ) , p. 425 and 578 .
  33. ↑ (in) George Grantham, ‘ Time’s arrow and time’s cycle in the medieval economy: the significance of recent developments in economic theory for the history of medieval economic growth”, unpublished paper presented at the Fifth Anglo-American Seminar on the Medieval Economy and Society held at Cardiff 14-17 July 1995 » [PDF] , on Newlees – Ianblanchard.com (consulted the ) .
  34. ↑ For this historiography: Guadagnin 1990, p. 22.
  35. ↑ Aymar Values and François Cattois , Civil and monastic architecture in the Middle Ages and Renaissance , t. 2, Paris, Didron Archaeological Bookstore, ( read online ) , p. 226-227 .
  36. ↑ For example M. Aubert , Cistercian architecture in France , t.  2, Paris, , p. 164 and sq. .
  37. ↑ (in) ‘ Inventory of the Ernest Born Architectural Drawings of Medieval Aisled Timber Halls, ca. 1944-ca. 1981 » [PDF] , on Online Archive of California (consulted the ) .
  38. ↑ Horn et Born 1968.
  1. ↑ p. 11-25 .
  2. ↑ p. 107-109 .
  3. ↑ A B C and D p. 109-116 .
  4. ↑ p. 109 .
  5. ↑ p. 116-123 .

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