Yusuf Ir of Grenade — Wikipedia
Abû Al-Hajjâj An-Nyyar Al-MU’wîd Bi-LLH Yûsuf I is Ben ismâă [ first ] is the seventh Nasride Arab Emir of Granada. He is nicknamed An-obscure [ 2 ] ( the dazzling ). He was born in 1318. He is the son of Abû al-Walîd Ismâ`îl. He succeeded his older brother Mohammed IV in 1333. He was assassinated in October 1354 and his son Mohammed v al-Ghanî succeeded him.
The Sultan Merinides of Fez has been Abû al-Hasan `Alî since 1331. The inner situation of his kingdom is stabilized and this allows him to consider again external interventions. King Alphonse XI of Castile having reached the age of majority in 1327, undertook the resumption of regain . The Castilians feeling threatened, combining the Aragonese to fight the Merinids.
Joseph I is , succeeds his older brother Mohammed IV in 1333. The kingdom of Grenada reached its peak in the fields of trade and the arts. The alliance with merinids, as well as good relations with the Republic of Genoa and with the Kingdom of Aragon encouraged trade. Despite the permanent threat, independence from Castilians has asserted itself.
YusuF I is is only fifteen years old at his accession to the throne. According to the portrait made by his vizier Ibn al-Khâtib, he imposed by his dignity and his princely presence, by his intelligence and his perspicacity which allowed him to solve the most difficult problems.
During his reign, Granada was rarely in peace with his Christian neighbors. From 1337, Castile and the Merinids were preparing for war for Gibraltar. Yûsuf I is Using the support of the Merinids to contain the Castilulans. Sultan Merinides Abu al-Hasan `Alî is not inclined to be manipulated by the Nasrids who have reversed their alliances several times. Nevertheless he passes the Strait of Gibraltar to seize the Algeciras. The naval battle precedes fighting on the ground. The merinid squadron is reinforced by sixteen ships sent by the Hafsids from Tunisia. THE , she enters the Bay of Algeciras and defeated the Castilian fleet of Admiral Jofre Tenio.
The defeat of the Río Salado [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
In connection with the Nasrid armies, Abû al-Hasan `Alî puts the seat in front of Tarifa. The city, well defended, can await the reinforcement of an army of 35,000 men, lifted by Christian kings. The battle takes place on the banks of the Río Salado it . It is the greatest victory of Christian kings since Las Navas de Tolosa. Merinids are with difficulty towards Morocco.
In 1343, the Castilulans began the siege of Algeciras with the support of English and French knights. The seat lasts twenty months and ends with the taking of Algeciras .
The black plague saves Gibraltar [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
In , Alphonse XI of Castille is the seat of Gibraltar. But the epidemic of black plague arrived in Spain in 1348 wreaks havoc in the Christian ranks and caused the death of Alphonse XI in . This death leads the Castilians to lift the siege: Gibraltar will remain within Islam for a hundred and twelve years. Alphonse XI has not completed the reconquest but managed to permanently hunt the Merinids, leaving his successors the task of removing the nasrids. Yûsuf I is Accepts to sign with the Castilians a 10 year old truce.
On October 19, 1354, day of the Fête de la Ramadan Ramadan breakup, Yûsuf I is is assassinated in the great mosque of Granada by one of his bodyguards. His son Mohammed V al-Ghanî succeeds him as emir of Granada.
On the inner plane, the pomegranate monuments still carry the trace of the splendor of the reign of Yusûf I is .
In spring 1347, Yusûf I is undertook an inspection tour of the eastern borders of his kingdom. Ibn al-Khâtib who accompanies him describes the cities crossed Guadix, Baza, Purchena and Vera. Then the escort goes to Almeria and, passing through Pechina, Marchena and Finaña, returns to Granada.
In 1348, Yusûf I is Built the monumental door of the Alhambra called the Porte de la Justice and a large part of the Royal Palace. He undertakes civil engineering work in the urban area.
In 1349, he began the construction of Madrasa Yûsupiyya which bears his name.
YusuF I is fails in his attempt to implement Muslim solidarity. For example when it is addressed to the Sultan Mamelouk Bahrite as-Sâlih `Imâd Ad-Dîn Ismâ`îl to implore his support in the fight against Castilulans, his efforts are not successful. Under the pretext of the need to defend its own borders threatened by Christians, when there is no evidence of this threat, the Mamluk refuses to send a reinforcement expedition and is content to make some wishes in favor of Granada’s victory.
In 1351, at the time of the death of the Sultan Merinides Abû al-Hasan `Alî, Ibn Battuta undertook one of his last trips. He crosses the Strait of Gibraltar from Ceuta for Al-Andalus. He leaves only a few notes:
“”
I left Gibraltar to go to Ronda, one of the best fortified and located Muslim citadels. […] I stayed there for five days, then, I won Marbella by taking a difficult and very steep road, Marbella is a small town, beautiful and rich. »»
On the way Ibn Battuta escapes an abduction. Four Christian ships tackle the shore near Suhayl and the sailors remove several riders who should have traveled with Ibn Battuta who took refuge in Suhayl. The next day he left for Malaga escorted by the commander of the fortress of Suhayl.
“”
We make golden pottery in Malaga, superb that we export to the most distant countries. The mosque is very large and is renowned for its blessing. She has a courtyard whose beauty is unparalleled and where very high biigaradiers grow. […] I left Malaga for Ballîsh, at a distance of twenty-four miles. It is a beautiful city with a superb mosque. It produces grapes, fruits and figs like Malaga. We headed for Al-Hamma, a small town with a well located and superbly built mosque. There is a hot source on a bank of the river, at a distance from a thousand from the city where two bathing establishments are built, one for men and one for women.
I then left for Granada, capital of Andalusia and its most beautiful city. Its surroundings are unparalleled in the world. […] The city is surrounded by gardens, orchards, flowerbeds, palaces and vineyards. One of the most beautiful localities is La Fontaine-des-Larmes, mountain with flowerbeds and orchards as we see anywhere else [ 3 ] . »
Ibn Battuta cannot meet the emir yûsuf ben ismâ`îl: “When I arrived in Granada, there was power there the sultan Abû al-Hajjâj yûsuf son of the sultan al-walîd ismâîl` berj, ben ismaâ`îl ben yûsuf ben nasr. I couldn’t meet him because he was sick. His mother, noble, pious and virtuous, sent me dinars-gold which were very useful to me [ 4 ] . »
- arabe: ʾabū al-ḥajjāj an-nyyar “al-muʾwīd bi-llah” yūsuf ben ismāʿīl,
Abu Al -Hajjaj al -Nar, “Al -Moayad Billah” Yusuf bin Ismail) - Arabia: an-nyyar,
Nickel , the dazzling - Ibn Battuta, ed. Gallimard, collection “La Pléiade”, Arab travelers, ibn beaten, trips and journeys , (ISBN 2-07-011469-4 ) pp.1017-1019)
- Ibn beaten, Ibidem, P.1020)
Related articles [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
external links [ modifier | Modifier and code ]
- (of) This article is partially or entirely from the Wikipedia article in German entitled ‘ Yusuf I. » ( See the list of authors ) .
- (is) RH. Shamsuddín Elía, History of Al -Andalus, Bulletin No. 53 -08/2006 ‘ Al-Andalus III: The Sultanate of Granada (1232-1492) » ( Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • What to do ?) (consulted the )
- Charles-André Julien, History of North Africa, from origins to 1830 , Original edition 1931, Reissue Payot, Paris, 1994, (ISBN 978-2-228-88789-2 ) , pp. 540–542.
- (With) www.hukam.net, Banu Nasr/Al -Nasroun/Banu Al -Ahmar in Granada Nasrides, Banû al-Ahmar in Granada .
- (fr) web.gaeoalogie.free.fr ‘ Spain » ( Archive.org • Wikiwix • Archive.is • Google • What to do ?) (consulted the ) .
- Janine and Dominique Sourdel, Historical dictionary of Islam I am in P.U.f., (ISBN 978-2-130-54536-1 ) , article : Nasrides pp. 615.
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