[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/disaster-of-the-val-di-stava\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/disaster-of-the-val-di-stava\/","headline":"Disaster of the Val di Stava","name":"Disaster of the Val di Stava","description":"The Disaster of the Val di Stava It was an induction of mud that occurred on 19 July 1985 in","datePublished":"2017-03-28","dateModified":"2017-03-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/it\/thumb\/f\/fe\/Stava2.jpg\/220px-Stava2.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/it\/thumb\/f\/fe\/Stava2.jpg\/220px-Stava2.jpg","height":"156","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/disaster-of-the-val-di-stava\/","wordCount":3209,"articleBody":"The Disaster of the Val di Stava It was an induction of mud that occurred on 19 July 1985 in the Val di Sta in Trentino and caused the death of 268 people. The flood was caused by the failure of the arguments of the praise of the Prestavel’s mine, which caused the escape and descent downstream of approximately 180 000 \u00a0m\u00b3 of mud, which violently overwhelmed the town of Sta, in the municipality of Tessero. It is known for being one of the largest tragedies that have hit Trentino-Alto Adige in modern times. The Prestavel mine [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The Prestavel mine is located on the southern slopes of Mount Prestavel, in the Saint Massif above the Sta Valley. It was occasionally exploited since the sixteenth century for the production of Argentifera Galena. In 1934 the extractive interest of some strands of fluorite was ascertained.It was managed after the Second World War by the Montecatini club, which took place until 1978 companies of the Montedison Group and therefore of the groups Egam and Eni. From 1980 to 1985 it was managed by the Prealpi mining company. [2] The praise basins [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Above the town of Sta, the first decantation basin was built in 1961 in the Pozzole The embankment of this basin, from the initial projects that limited it to 9 m, exceeded 25 m. From 1969 a second settling basin was created, upstream of the first.Overall, between the lower basin and the upper, it reached about 50 m of embankment. At 12:22:55 PM of 19 July 1985 the embankment of the upper basin ceded and collapsed on the lower basin, which in turn yielded. The muddy mass composed of sand, silt and water descended downstream at a speed of almost 90 kilometers per hour by sweeping away people, trees, homes and everything he met until he reached the confluence with the Avisio stream. A few of the people invested survived. From the sentence-ordinance of the investigating judge of the Trento court, Carlo Ancona, of 25 May 1987 [3] : \u00abIf at the time a sum of money and an effort equal to even a tenth of what has been lavished in the expert investigations following the fact, probably […] the collapse of almost 170 thousand cubic meters of semiflaid sludge had been spent. He would never come true. ” Catastrophe in figures  Brake  180 000 m\u00b3 of water and mud escorted by landfills 40-50 000 m\u00b3 from erosive processes, the destruction of buildings and the uprooting of hundreds of trees Speed \u200b\u200bof the landslide  90 km\/h circa (circa 25 m\/s) Interested area  About 435 000 m\u00b2 for a length of 4.2 kilometers Material damage  3 hotels, 53 houses, 6 sheds, 8 completely destroyed bridges 9 seriously damaged buildings Hundreds of uprooted trees Erosive processes on a total area of \u200b\u200b27 000 m\u00b2 Victims  268 deaths of which 28 children under 10 years old 31 guys with less than 18 years old 120 women 89 men Wounded  20 wounded of which 13 extracted from the rubble of the hotels 4 extracted from the rubble of their homes 3 extracts from the rubble of the sheds The rescue were immediate and efficient but very few were the injured and the people extracted lives from the rubble: the violence and speed of the mud casting had no escape. 267 died instantly and only a girl still extracted from the rubble of one of the hotels was survived for a few days. The exact number of the deaths of Sta disaster was ascertained only one year after the catastrophe. In fact, many corpses could not be recognized and it was therefore necessary to resort to the alleged death declaration. The waiting time, required to allow this declaration (normally 5 years old, starting from the first declaration of disappearance) was in this case reduced by decree law to 1 year [4] . In the first year following the catastrophe, the number of victims was therefore estimated at that of the recognized bodies (197) plus that of the disappearance declarations (72), that is 269. A year after the disaster it was possible to have the exact number of the alleged death declarations , which turned out to be 71. The declaration of disappearance of a French citizen of which the alleged death was not declared. The bodies of the victims of the Val di Stava were all recovered thanks to the commitment of thousands of rescuers who worked for more than three weeks along the Val di Stavava and along the Avisio stream to the hydroelectric basin of the stulation. Due to this circumstance not everyone could be recognized. Following the disaster, many victims were brought back to the places of origin, in 64 different cemeteries of Italy. The 71 for which the recognition was not possible in Tessero, in the monumental cemetery of the victims of the Val di Sta adjacent to the church of San Leonardo. Over 18 000 men were attended by the rescue work, of which beyond eight thousand Volunteer Fire Brigade of Trentino and four thousand soldiers of the 4th Alpine Army Corps. The first to draw were the Volunteer Fire Brigade of Tesero and the Fiemme Valley. Therefore, within a few hours, all the bodies of the Volunteer Fire Brigade of Trentino, numerous bodies of the Volunteer Fire Brigade of South Tyrol and the permanent ones of Trento and Bolzano, Red Cross, White Cross, Carabinieri staff, of the State Police, the Guardia di Finanza and the Forestry Corps, dog units, divers and hundreds of volunteers.Their work was assisted by 19 helicopters, 774 vehicles, 137 special means, 16 long arm cranes, 72 photoelectrics, 5 boats, 26 ambulances, 27 field kitchens, 144 portable radio and 4 radio bridges. A Civil Protection headquarters was established at the Tessero Town Hall from which the same Minister for Civil Protection Giuseppe Zamberletti coordinated. The valley seen from the rescuers. Most of the victims were recovered in the early hours, but the research lasted for three weeks. The corpses were composed first in the gym of the elementary schools of Tessero; The burning chamber was subsequently set up in the parish church of Santa Maria Assunta in Cavalese.The excruciating rite of recognition then continued until mid -August in air -conditioned environments in Egna. However, many could not be recognized. There were almost a thousand volunteers of the Italian Red Cross who worked for days and days in the pitiful work of recovering the corpses and their transport to the mortar rooms. In over 20 years the landfills were never subjected to series stability checks by the dealership companies or to checks by the public offices to which the obligation to control the safety of mining and third parties The 1975 verifies [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] In 1974 the Municipality of Tessero churches confirmation on the security of the landfill. The mining district of the Autonomous Province of Trento commissioned the same concessionary company (the fluorescent, then belonging to the Montedison and Egam groups), which made it in 1975.While neglecting a series of indispensable investigations, the verification allowed to ascertain that the slope of the embankment of the upper basin was “exceptional” and stability was “at the limit”. In his first report the technician in charge of verification It seems essentially to say: “Strange that it has not already fallen” [5] . However, the response of the fluorescent to the mining district and of this to the Municipality was positive and led to the further growth that occurred with a lower slope of the embankment. “He could only collapse” [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The Ministerial Commission of Inquiry [6] and the experts appointed by the Trento court ascertained that \u00abThe whole decantation plant was a continuous threat loyal to the valley. The plant collapsed essentially because it is designed, built, managed so as not to offer those security margins that civil society expects from works that can endanger the existence of entire human communities. The upper embankment in particular could only collapse in the slightest change of its precarious balance conditions. ” The cause of the collapse was identified in the chronic instability of the landfills, and in particular of the upper basin, which did not have minimal safety coefficients necessary to avoid the landslide. In particular, the causes identified are: in the fact that the deposited limits were not consolidated due to:of the acquitrinous nature of the terrain on which the landfills stood, which does not allow the decantation of the sludge, of the erroneous construction of the embankment of the upper basin, which does not allow adequate drainage to the foot, of the construction of the upper basin close to the lower basin: growing, the embankment came to rest in part on the unwanted limits of the lower basin, thus further worsening the drainage and stability; in the excessive height and slope of the detected:The top of the upper basin had a height of 34 meters, The slope reached 80%, equal to an angle of almost 40 \u00b0, The landfills were built on a declivio with an average slope of about 25%; In the decision to increase the embankment with the “upstream” system, the fastest and cheapest but also the most insecure; In the erroneous placement of the touches of touches of the decanting waters: on the bottom of the basins and through the banks. Responsibilities [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The criminal proceeding ended in June 1992 with the sentence of 10 defendants of the crimes of culpable disaster and multiple manslaughter and that is: of the managers of the construction and management of the upper basin that collapsed first: the directors of the mine and some managers of the companies that intervened in the choices about the construction and growth of the upper basin from 1969 to 1985; of the managers of the mining district of the Autonomous Province of Trento who completely approved the controls on landfills. They were also sentenced to compensation for damages as civil managers due to the fault of their employees The companies that in the same period had in concession the Prestavel mine or intervened in the choices relating to landfills: Montedison spa, industry and granite IMEG Spa on behalf of Fuuormine Spa, Snam Spa on behalf of Solmine Spa, Prealpi Mineraria SpA; The autonomous province of Trento. Beyond the criminally relevant actions and omissions, they contributed to the disaster of Sta a series of behaviors that go beyond the legal sphere and were characterized mainly in having preceded the safety of third parties the economic profitability of the plants both by the concessionary companies and of the Public bodies institutionally responsible for the protection of the territory and the safety of populations. The Foundation was 1985 [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The 1985 Foundation was wanted by the family members of the victims of the Val di Sta to ensure that the 268 children, women and men killed on July 19, 1985 in Val di Stava did not die in vain. Founding partners are the Schores Val di Stava association, the magnificent community of Fiemme and the municipalities of Tesero, Longarone and Cavalese. Church of the Palanca di Stava The activity and initiatives of the Foundation are entirely financed with bequests and donations. The register of honor and the register of supporting members are published on the Foundation website. A Foundation was established by a documentation center on the catastrophe, which is located in Sta. The Foundation was 1985 boasting the high patronage of the President of the Republic and is based in Tesero. The church of the Palanca [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The small church of the Palanca was saved from the tragedy and still testifies today, a little more downstream of the documentation center, as the valley was before the disaster. Multimedia [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] In September 2016, a special television was created, made on the occasion of the 30 years by the tragedy, directed by Pino Putignani. The special, going through a worldly, was broadcast in Italy by the Roman headquarters of Telepace. ^  a b   Il Sismogramma – Val di Stava 1985 ( PDF ), are Engeology.eu , Engeology. URL consulted on April 26, 2019  ( filed April 26, 2019) .  ^  A.Gorfer,\u00a0pp. 578, 579 .  ^   Judge Ancona retires, last hearing on 19 . are giornaletrentino.it , 5 December 2018. URL consulted on February 3, 2020  ( filed on February 3, 2020) .  ^  Law Decree n. 480 of 24 September 1985, converted into law no. 662 of 21 November 1985)  ^  Judgment of 8 July 1988 of the Criminal Court of Trento. Extending Marco La Ganga  ^  Report published in June 1986 of the Technical-Administrative Ministerial Commission of Inquiry into the disaster that occurred in the Municipality of Tessero, State was.  Aldo Gorfer, The Valleys of Trentino-Trentino Eastern Calliano (Trento), Manfrine, 1975, SBN ITICCUTSA1415530 . Aa.VV. He was because – Genesis, causes, responsibility for the catastrophe of Sta in the documents of the ministerial investigation and in the sentences of the criminal proceeding . I am G. Lucchi (the care of), 2540 pp., Curcu and gecomense in thent (1995). A.VV. Genesis, causes and responsibilities of the collapse of the landfills of the Prestavel mine. The catastrophe of the Val di Stava, 19 July 1985 . Fondazione Sta 1985 (edited by), 16 pp., Tesero (Trento) (2001). Giordani I., Lucchi G., Salghetti Drioli G. & Tosatti G. Sta 1985 – documentation . I am Documentation Center of “Foundation Was 1985”, 96 PP., Curcuations, TRECT (2003). Salomoni P. & Doliana c. It was: from the massacre to the trial , 248 pP., PUBLIPRINT, TRENTO (1988). Tosatti G. (edited by), Review of scientific contributions on the disaster of the Val di Stava (province of Trento), 19 July 1985 . Special volume of the GNDCI-CNR, 480 pp., Pitagora Editrice, Bologna (2003).  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