[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/nardo-track-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/nardo-track-wikipedia\/","headline":"Nard\u00f2 track – Wikipedia","name":"Nard\u00f2 track – Wikipedia","description":"Nard\u00f2 track Nard\u00f2 track track Location State Italy Location Nard\u00f2 (LE) Characteristics Length Ring 12 600 m Handling track 6","datePublished":"2017-05-27","dateModified":"2017-05-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b2\/Pista_di_Nard%C3%B2.jpg\/240px-Pista_di_Nard%C3%B2.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b2\/Pista_di_Nard%C3%B2.jpg\/240px-Pista_di_Nard%C3%B2.jpg","height":"165","width":"240"},"video":[null,null,null,null],"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/nardo-track-wikipedia\/","wordCount":4424,"articleBody":"Nard\u00f2 track Nard\u00f2 track track Location State  Italy Location Nard\u00f2 (LE) Characteristics Length Ring 12 600 m Handling track 6 222 m Curve Ring 1 Handling track 16 Ring diameter 4 km Inauguration 1975 Location map  Change data on wikidata \u00b7  Manual The Nard\u00f2 track (O Nard\u00f2 ring O Nard\u00f2 circuit ) internationally Again ring , is located on the border of the provinces of Brindisi, Taranto and Lecce, precisely borders in the north with San Pancrazio Salentino in the west with Avetrana, south with Torre Lapillo (Porto Cesareo) and east with the municipality of Veglie. It develops on an area of \u200b\u200b7 million square meters, was built by Fiat in early 70s and inaugurated in 1975 with the Sasn name (company Experimental autopists Nard\u00f2) [first] . Subsequently changed the name in Fiat test center . From 1999 to 2012 he was owned by Trofarello’s Technologies prototype. In 2012 the Test Center was sold in Porsche Engineering, a Porsche Group company [2] . The track complex has been known since 2005 as Nardu Technical Center . It consists of a high -speed test track, a 6.2 -kilometer handling circuit and a dirt track. It is located about 20 kilometers north-west of the city of Nard\u00f2 in Puglia. Given the confidentiality of the tests conducted on the various test circuits normally, access to the public is not allowed. The Nard\u00f2 track in a photo taken by an astronaut from the International Space Station in November 2006. The track is perfectly circular, it appears elliptical due to the particular inclination. [3] The high -speed track, with a circumference of 12.566 km and a diameter of 4 km, covers an area of \u200b\u200b700 hectares and consists of two separate rings. The external one has four lanes for cars and motorcycles with a variable inclination between 4% and 22.5% for a total of 16 meters wide, while the internal one, for the trucks, has a width of 9 meters. In 1999 the test center was sold by Fiat to the Torinese company PrototiPe S.p.A. which starts several renewal works\u02d0 In 2000 5000 m\u00b2 of new workshops and offices were built; In 2002 a new circuit was inaugurated to verify driving comfort and noise level and in 2008 a new 6.2 km Handling track inspired by the N\u00fcrburgring Nordschleife track track is added. [first]  In May 2012, the track complex was acquired by Porsche Engineering which, in 2018 and 2019, submitted the circular track to important restyling works. [4] The track was also equipped with the infrastructure necessary for the recharging of high power electric cars. 800 V charging columns are used, similar to those used by Ionity. The lanes dedicated to cars and motorcycles are inclined to such an extent that a pilot driving at a speed of 240 km\/h (149 mph) in the outermost lane does not need to steer to complete a ride of the track. In essence, the so -called neutral speed, which is different for the four lanes, is driving as on a straight. Once this speed has been exceeded, it is necessary to use the steering. For example, the Koenigsegg CCR, which established the speed record on Nard\u00f2’s ring for a standard car (on February 28, 2005 with 388 km\/h), took the whole route with the steering wheel at an angle of 30 \u00b0. This speed record was then beaten by Bugatti Veyron on the private Volkswagen track in Ehra-Lessien’s straight in Germany. In counteracting the centrifugal force (as is necessary when exceeding the neutral speed) a little maximum potential speed is lost. So the same car will be able to reach a greater speed on a straight than the one you can have on the ring of Nard\u00f2. Even the strength to be exercised on the steering of a car that proceeds at the neutral speed is greater than the one that would have been applied by proceeding in a straight line, since the aerodynamic load created by the turn of the circuit increases the resistance to rolling tires. [5] A fatal accident occurred in the ring. [ without source ] The neutral speeds on the four lanes reserved for cars and motorcycles are respectively: Lied 3 – 60\/130 km \/ h Lied 2 – 130\/170 km \/ h Lied 1 – 170\/210 km \/ h Corsie 0 – 210\/240 Km \/ h During the regular weekly work activity, the maximum speed allowed on the circular track is 260 km\/h. Higher speeds are allowed only in private sessions. The neutral speed for the ring reserved for trucks is between 80 km\/h (50 mph) and 140 km\/h (87 mph) throughout the width of the track, being greater in the outermost part of the lane. In 2012 the track was the set of the first episode of the eighteenth season of the British broadcast Top Gear [6] , in which the three presenters of the program, during a trip to Italy, ventured into a speed challenge aboard three different sports cars: a Lamborghini Aventador; a McLaren MP4-12C; A Noble M600. The Volkswagen W12 Nard\u00f2 current holder of the speed record on 24 hours Inside the ring road there is a traditional circuit, the Nard\u00f2 Handling Track , 6222 meters long. The track consists of a single straight and sixteen curves of amplitude and lateral slope always different [7] . On this track it is possible to perform 9 tests: thermal mapping duration reliability tire wear Driving help systems (das) driveline maneuverability Vehicle dynamics night guide The Mercedes Benz C 111 IV which in 1979 exceeded 400 km\/h Detail of the Volkswagen Arvw reporting on the bodywork the details of the record set to Nard\u00f2 Loris Bicocchi (bottom right) and the Bugatti team on 2 July 1994 on the Nard\u00f2 track immediately after establishing the speed record with the Bugatti EB110 Max Biaggi riding the Violent Violet in the company of Fabio Fazi on the Nard\u00f2 track On May 13, 1979, a Honda 125cc established the world record of average speed on 24 hours: 137.866 km\/h; On July 5, 1979, the 400 km\/h barrier was exceeded for the first time with a specially made car, the Mercedes-Benz C111-IV which reached a speed of 403.978 km\/h, establishing the Italian speed record and succeeded in Complete a complete tour of the ring in 1 minute and 57 seconds [first] ; On October 10, 1980, a Volkswagen Arvw established the speed record for a diesel car reaching a speed of 362.07 km\/h [first] ; November 7, 1982 A Porsche 928 S established the speed record on 24 hours: it covered 6,033 kilometers at an average speed of 251.4 km\/h; On November 28, 1982 an Alfa Romeo Giulietta established the average speed record on 50,000 km: 175.628 km\/h On August 17, 1983, a Mercedes Benz 190e 2.3-16 established the world record of average speed on 25,000 km: 247.6 km\/h. In the following days, on 19 and 21 August, records on 25,000 miles and 50,000 km at average speeds of 247.8 km\/h and 247.9 km\/h are broken; [8] On September 14, 1986, the ELF R prototype motorcycle established 6 world records, including average speeds on 10 km of 243.572 km\/h and maximum speed of 321 km\/h; [9] On April 4, 1988, an Audi 200 four establishes the world speed record on 500 miles with an average speed of 324.509 km\/h and 1000 km at 326.403 km\/h; [ten] On August 29, 1993, a Honda NR 750cc led by Loris Capirossi establishes the world record of maximum speed 304.032 km\/h. The record are also established with departure from a stop on the kilometer at 299.825 km\/h and on 10 km to 283.551 km\/h; [11] In 1993 a Porsche 928 GTS beat the previous record by traveling in 24 hours 6,377.25 km at an average speed of 265.72 km\/h; On June 2, 1994, the Violet Violet electric motorcycle designed by the engineer Fabio Fazi and led by Max Biaggi establishes 5 world speed records for electric motorcycles: 1\/4 of mile, kilometer and mile, launched kilometer (164.498 km\/h) and maximum speed of 168 km\/h; [twelfth] On July 2, 1994, a Bugatti EB110GT led by Loris Bicocchi established the speed record for a methane -powered car with road homologation reaching a speed of 344.7 km\/h [first] ; In 1994 the Bertone Z.E.R. He managed to establish the speed record on 1 km for an electric car going to an average speed of 303.977 km\/h and the distance record in 1 hour along 199.882 km [first] ; On August 27, 1995, an aprilia 250cc established the record on the kilometer launched with an average speed of 254.021 km\/h; On June 3, 2000, a Suzuki GSX 1300R establishes the world speed record on the kilometer launched with 306.598 km\/h; On February 16, 2002, a standard Murcorh\u00e9lago Lamborghini established the average speed record on 1 hour at 305.041 km\/h and 100 miles to 320.254 km\/h; [13] On February 23, 2002 a Volkswagen W12 also known as Volkswagen Nard\u00f2 established the world record of average speed on 24 hours, covering a distance of 7740.576 km at an average speed of 322.891 km\/h [14] ; In 2004 the Elijae electric concept car, characterized by 8 driving wheel, reached a speed of 370 km\/h [15] [16] ; On February 28, 2005, a Koenigsegg CCR, led by Loris Bicocchi, established the speed record for a series car touching 388 km\/h [17] ; On May 25, 2008, a Mercedes-Benz Truck Actros Bluetec III establishes the efficiency record for a 40-ton truck with an average consumption of 19.44 liters per 100 km with a total distance traveled by 12,728 km; [18] On August 18, 2019, a pre-series specimen of electricity Porsche Taycan covered the distance of 3425 km in 24 hours [19] ; Near the track there is a scoreboard showing some of the world records established on the ring. Accident by Loris Bicocchi in the Bugatti Voyron prototype [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] In the early 2000s, during one of the first high -speed tests on a Bugatti prototype, the one that would then be the Veyron, led by Loris Bicocchi, a front tire exploded. The car, now controlled, hit the guard rail while traveling at a speed of about 400 km\/h. Although the car had lost the use of the brakes following the impact, Bicocchi managed to save himself making the car crawling the guard rail, making it curbed against the same. The car cell still resisted the impact by saving the life of the pilot. [20] ^  a b c d It is f   Story – narded Technical Center . are Home – Nard\u00f2 Technical Center . URL consulted on 5 July 2019 .  ^  Porsche acquires the test center of Nardo ‘ – Industry and Market – Motors – Ansa.it Porsche in Porsche in Porsche in Puglia in Puglia the test center of Nardo’ , Ansa, 11 April 2012  ^  ( IN ) Nardo Ring, Italy . are Earthobservatory.nasa.gov , 10 September 2007. URL consulted on 12 July 2019 .  ^   Nard\u00f2, Porsche will be reborn the record track . are The sun 24 hours . URL consulted on August 19, 2019 .  ^   After the restyling the Nard\u00f2 track reopens, it is the largest high -speed ring in the world . are Repubblica TV – La Repubblica.it , 12 July 2019. URL consulted on 12 July 2019 .  ^  Supercar Shootout, part 1 – Topgear.com  Filed On October 16, 2012 on the Internet Archive.  ^  https:\/\/www.porscheengineering.com\/nardo\/it\/services\/testing\/testtracksandfacilities\/handlingtrack\/  ^   carscoops.com , https:\/\/www.carscoops.com\/2013\/08\/Mercedes-remembers-190-E-23-16s-1983\/ . URL consulted on August 28, 2020 .  ^  ( IN ) Long forgotten: The crazy experimental bikes Elf built . are Motorsport Retro , 13 December 2009. URL consulted on August 28, 2020 .  ^   World speed records in Nard\u00f2 with an Audi 200 quattro in 1988 . are youtube.com .  ^   For sale La Honda NR of Capirossi record . are Lastampa.it , January 10, 2014. URL consulted on August 28, 2020 .  ^   Motoe, electric motorcycle: Fabio Fazi and that record with Max Biaggi . are GPone.com .  ^   002 Lamborghini Murcielago 2LA12026 Nardo Record holder Giorgio Sanna driving . are youtube.com .  ^   W12 Record | Italdesign Giugiaro . are web.archive.org , 8 July 2011. URL consulted on 5 July 2019  (archived by URL Original on July 8, 2011) .  ^  ( IN ) Sia Magazin, Eliica 640HP 8t-Wheeled Electric Super Car Concept . are Sia Magazin , April 26, 2019. URL consulted on August 19, 2019 .  ^  ( IN ) (PDF) \u201cELIICA\u201d \u2013 THE 370KM\/H MAXIMUM SPEED ELECTRIC VEHICLE . are ResearchGate . URL consulted on August 19, 2019 .  ^  ( IN ) Koenigsegg CCR Breaks World Speed Record for Production Cars . are newatlas.com . URL consulted on 5 July 2019 .  ^   The new Mercedes-Benz Actros in the Guinness Book of Records: the series truck with the lowest consumption in the world . are The new Mercedes-Benz Actros in the Guinness Book of Records: the series truck with the lowest consumption in the world . URL consulted on August 28, 2020 .  ^   Taycan Prototype Convinces at Endurance Run in Nard\u00f2 . URL consulted on August 19, 2019 .  ^  Davide Circons, The 400 km\/h accident on Veyron: Loris tells Davide – Drive Experience (Subs) , 17 July 2017. URL consulted on 12 July 2019 .  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