[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/fratelli-cervi-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/fratelli-cervi-wikipedia\/","headline":"Fratelli Cervi – Wikipedia","name":"Fratelli Cervi – Wikipedia","description":"The Cervi family Set Cervi brothers , or Gelindo (born August 7, 1901), Antenor (1906), Aldo (February 15, 1909), Ferdinand","datePublished":"2020-02-26","dateModified":"2020-02-26","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/64\/La_famiglia_Cervi.jpg\/220px-La_famiglia_Cervi.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/64\/La_famiglia_Cervi.jpg\/220px-La_famiglia_Cervi.jpg","height":"150","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/fratelli-cervi-wikipedia\/","wordCount":5602,"articleBody":"The Cervi family Set Cervi brothers , or Gelindo (born August 7, 1901), Antenor (1906), Aldo (February 15, 1909), Ferdinand (1911), Agostino (January 11, 1916), Ovidio (March 13, 1918) and Ettore (June 2, 1921), were the sons of Alcide Cervi (1875-1970) and of Genoeffa Cocconi [first] (1876-1944). They belonged to a family of peasants with rooted anti -fascist feelings and, endowed with strong democratic and Catholic convictions (the father was enrolled in the young people of the ACI), they actively took part in the resistance. Taken prisoners, they were tortured and then shot by the fascists on December 28, 1943 in the shooting range of Reggio Emilia. Their story was told, among others, by his father Alcide Cervi. [2] Agostino, Father of Alcide, was one of the heads of the revolt against the tax on the ground of 1869, he was arrested ending up in prison for six months. At the same time he married Virginia Cocconi and three children will be born from the wedding: Pietro, Emilio and Alcide. A fourth child, Ettore, will be adopted. Alcide married Genoeffa Cocconi in 1899 and from the Union 9 children will come to the world over 20 years, seven males and two females. In order of birth Gelindo, Antenor, Diomira, Aldo, Ferdinando, Rina, Agostino, Ovidio and Ettore; All of them will have the birthplace in Campegine. In 1920 Alcide left the paternal house to settle with his family in a plot of land in Olmo di Gattatico. After five years they move again, this time in a plot of land in the neighborhood area in the estate called “Valle Re” belonging to the Countess Levi Sottocasa, which is legally part of the Municipality of Campegine. The family still moved in 1934, rented a farm in the Campo Rossi area, in the municipality of Gattatico, making the latter transfer the qualitative leap because it passes from the interpretation to a sharecropping one to the one for rent. The family unit is characterized by the strong personality of the mother Genoeffa and the will to progress of some children. However, the trend is to make the most important decisions by mutual agreement. This cohesion and at the same time the push to innovation, mediated by elements that are the custodians of the family unit, will be basic both for the development in the technical sense that the farm will have and for the monolithic choice of adhesion to the resistance. The evolution of the Cervi family is perfectly congruent with a development model of the peasant families of these locations which, in the period between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (with the acceleration of the times after the First World War), sees the structure transform hierarchized and authoritarian (typical of the peasant family of previous years) towards forms of mass organizations for the defense of work linked to socialist ideology and which materialize in cooperatives, people of the people, mutue, resistance alloys, work chambers, that is In those organizational tools that will be basic in struggles for the renewal of the agrarian pacts. All this class self -awareness now detached from the concept of single patriarchal family (even if the single family maintains the healthy part of this tradition) is closely related to a modernization of the means and production methods in agriculture and strong adhesion in such areas agricultural to the Resistance, which manifests itself in generalized forms and not as an isolated case of the Cervi family. As for deer, however, the new consists (given that the rental contract allows you to work the plot and the farmhouse according to the rules of the tenant and not of the master) in carrying out avant -garde ideas in the conduct of the fields and stables. They are no longer satisfied with surviving like their old ones: to get out of poverty and exploitation they understand that the brain must be used in addition to the muscles. Therefore, despite having a non -florid farm available, they undertake to radically transform it also and above all through the new studies on agriculture found on books and brochures. Despite the scarce literacy of the campaign, the deer are able to read, and not only for work, but also for their pleasure, so they increase their home library without stopping, which includes among other things on beekeeping books , the method to optimize the growth of wheat and grapes. Moreover, they are books of a certain consistency, given the period. On the one hand the young people of the family, or the brothers, follow professional training courses inherent in the work of the countryside, on the other the father gets recognition written for the excellent conduction of the land managed by the family. [3] The symbol of the modernity of the family business can be summarized in the Balilla tractor, purchased in 1939, which Luciano Casali has included as the title of a full -bodied article dedicated to the Cervi family. [4] Born in 1875 from Agostino and Virginia Cervi, Alcide Cervi joins from a very young age to the movement which will then become the popular party, and is however strongly influenced by the theory of humanitarian socialism by Camillo Prampolini [5] . In 1934, established with the family in the farm of red fields in the municipality of Gattatico, the tenant of a fund in poor condition began which soon, thanks to the help of the children, will make fully productive. In this reality Alcide deals with the sale of the products of the farm. At the beginning of the Second World War, Casa Cervi becomes a real place of militant dissent against fascism and war. Together with the male children, Alcide constitutes the so -called “Cervi band”, dedicated to the partisan struggle. The meeting with “Facio” [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The seven brothers Cervi met “Facio” (or Dante Castellucci) right before the facts that led to the fall of fascism in 1943. [6] The latter will take the command of the partisan brigade “Guido Picelli”, with a partisan group made up of eight men alone, forced a hundred Nazi -fascists to escape [7] After the restricted partisan patrol, already surrounded by enemies, had killed and injured a significant number. Towards the end of the war he was shot by his own companions with the controversial accusation of theft. The “Banda” Cervi [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Shortly after the Cascinale of the Cervi family will be a safe harbor for anti -fascists and wounded partisans as well as for foreign prisoners of war that escaped the Nazi -fascists. Among these, Anatolij Tarassov, to whom a street is dedicated to Reggio Emilia, a Soviet soldier taken prisoner and subsequently united in an Italian prison camp. From here he managed to escape with Lieutenant Viktor Pirogov, finding refuge in the Cascina dei Cervi. The two former soldiers of the Red Army will write a book on their story and the Cervi family, entitled On the mountains of Italy . Tarassov was captured together with the deer on the night of November 25, 1943 and imprisoned in Verona, from where he fled together with other Soviets and then acting against the Nazi -fascists in a scattered order in the area of \u200b\u200bReggio Emilia and Modena, constituting a partisan brigade of which he became the commissioner politic. Lieutenant Pirogov, with the “Modena” battle name, instead became the commander of the military operations of the Soviet Brigade. Many other former Soviet prisoners found refuge at the Cervi family [8] , as Misha Almakai\u00e8v, Nikolaj Armeiev and Alexander Aschenco. They all fought alongside the Cervi brothers. Armeniev will be able to escape capture and will join the “Modena” band, while Aschenco, captured with the deer, will betray, becoming a Nazi -fascist informer: his betrayal will cost a lot to the resistance of the area, since he knew the network structured by the family thoroughly Deer; Identified, Aschenco will be executed by the Gap on November 15, 1944 in Piazzale Fiume in Reggio Emilia. Among the other components that acted in very close contact with the deer [9] There were John David Bastirase, South African paratrooper (born in 1923 and captured with deer, traces will be lost), John Peter de Freitas (born in 1921, South African paratrooper also he, escaped from the concentration camp of Grumello del Piano A Bergamo will disappear for a few years after his capture with the deer. He will reappear after the war, informing the Cervi family who in some way had managed to return to his country healthy and Salvo), Samuel Boone Conley (born in 1914, Irish parachuticist, captured with deer and of which nothing will be known). Among the arrested during the capture of deer, Luigi Landi, born in Cadelbosco di Sopra near Reggio Emilia, also appears in the consequent judicial relationship, who had already undergone a conviction for political reasons and who will survive to the torture inflicted on him by the Nazi -fascists in Villa Cucchi, and finally Don Pasquino Borghi, gold medal of the Resistance, which was among the former, if not the first, to collaborate in the structuring of the “Cervi Banda”, hosting the gang at the rectory of his parish of Tapignola, on the high Apennines Reggiano Apennines [ten] .Another member of the gang will be shot with the deer, or Quarto Camurri, born in Guastalla. He remained to fight courageously until the end next to the deer, sharing the tragic fate. Friends and supporters of the “Cervi Banda” [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Friends of the Cervi are the members of the Sarzi family, originally from the surroundings of Mantua: Lucia, born in 1920, Otello, from 1922, and Gigliola, from 1931. They will collaborate closely with the deer during resistance. Their story is that of a family [6] Of theater people with their own company, whose adverse positions to fascism will bring, after various interventions of the censorship, to the dissolution of the company itself by the regime. They are therefore street vertants and Othello, fervent anti -fascist, does not hide his ideas that declares openly in the various locations that are visited by the company. At the end of the 1930s he must repair in Switzerland where a clandestine conspiracy activity begins with republican escapes. Otello and Lucia were arrested in 1940 for a disgusted epistolary exchange and, even if released, they are now registered as subversives. Othello, irreducible and tenacious anti -fascist, refuses to make the Roman greeting and declares himself to Bolshevik ideology, thus suffering a new arrest in Parma. Confined to Sant’Agata di Esaro, its phase of militant anti -fascism begins through contacts with young local anti -fascists and meets Dante Castellucci, still military and on the license there. This meeting will become focal for the anti -fascist initiatives of Otello, who takes contacts with the resistance groups that are structuring in the Val d’Enza. It is 1941 and Lucia meets Aldo Cervi, the most determined and “ferrato” of the Cervi Group, to start the anti -fascist struggle of the 7 brothers. Since 1942 Aldo and Lucia [11] they operate within the anti -fascist clandestine network that belongs to the Italian Communist Party. Upon returning from Russia Dante Castellucci, the future commander Facio, and the anti -fascist conspirators gathered on the eve of the fall of fascism in 1943. On October 10 the Cervi band, with Otello, Facio and the refugees who escaped from the Nazi -fascist concentration camps, is already in the mountains to fight. The epilogue [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] For several weeks, the group of brothers Cervi manages to maintain an intense military activity against the fascists, but subsequently, in the night between 24 and 25 November 1943, during a raking, a deserter is surprised by the deer home by fascist patrols of the MVSN, together with some Russian partisans, Dante Castellucci and Quarto Camurri. [twelfth] Captured after a short fire clash, they are transported to the political prison of the servants in Reggio Emilia and kept there. The Russians and Dante Castellucci, who had passed by French citizen, are instead transferred to the Parma prison. [13] On 14 December 1943, in Cavriago, Colonel Giovanni Fagiani of the MVSN was killed [14] And the real daughter who was blind. [15] Supported by the other leaders of the PFR of Reggio Emilia, the head of the province Enzo Savorgnan managed to prevent any retaliation and worked to release all the rakes of those days, [16] attracting the criticisms of the most extremist fascists. [17] Following this murder, the threat of resorting to retaliation was disclosed for the city in case of killings of other fascists. [14] [15] On 27 December the killing by the partisans of the municipal secretary of Bagnolo in Piano Davide Onfiani took place [18] And on 28 December the seven brothers Cervi and Camurri were shot in retaliation. [19] According to a text by the Anpi of Reggio Emilia in 1982, the decision was made by Savorgnan [20] ; Giorgio Pisan\u00f2, in History of the Civil War in Italy Instead, he writes that the order was issued – unbeknownst to Savorgnan – by the intransigent of the local PNF. [21] In a document of the fascist direction of Reggio Emilia recovered in the post -war period, the list of the seven names that some manager (someone ventures Mussolini himself) had highlighted with a parenthesis, reporting next to the word “Seven brothers?” underlined by red, as if to express perplexity for the decision. [22] On January 8, 1944 an allied bombing opens up to Alcide a way to escape from the prison of San Tommaso where he had been transferred: returned home, he is not immediately informed of the death of his children but, even when he learns the tragic news, he will be able to recover from the very hard blow. On November 14, 1944 Genoeffa Cocconi died of the consequences of a heart attack a month earlier, on October 10, 1944, when the fascists returned to the Cervi house again, in which two old men, four women and eleven children remained. “Genoeffa when he saw the flames, he resentful that night, those shots, those children with his hands raised in the courtyard, and the goodbyes, and the van that starts. So he fell suddenly and the heart did not reassesed, the heart attack had come. He remained in bed a month [..] died on November 14, without having to know “(Alcide Cervi, my seven children, p. 88). Only in October 1945 Alcide Cervi can ensure that a solemn funeral is celebrated for his children. On the afternoon of October 28, after the manifestation of affection of the Emilian citizens, the brothers’ coffins are brought to the Campegine cemetery. On this occasion Dad Cervi will pronounce the famous phrase: “After one harvest another one comes”. For his partisan commitment and for that of his children, he was given a gold medal created by the sculptor Marino Mazzacurati. On the one hand, the medal bears the effigy of Alcide Cervi and on the other a trunk of oak among whose broken branches the 7 stars of the bear appear. During the delivery, Alcide pronounced a speech of which these words are still remembered: “They always told me … you are a oak who grew seven branches, and those were mowed, and the oak did not die … the Figure is beautiful and sometimes I cry … but look at the seed, because the oak will die, and it will not even be good for fire. If you want to understand my family, look at the seed. Our seed is ideal in the head of the ‘man”. On March 27, 1970, at the age of 95, Alcide Cervi went off: over 200,000 people will meet in Reggio Emilia to greet him for the last time. The memory [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Alcide Cervi meets the President of the Republic, Luigi Einaudi, 1954 All seven brothers were decorated with silver medal for military valor. Many streets have been dedicated to the Cervi brothers in various Italian cities [23] , in Rovigo a large square, in Verona a street in the Borgo Milano district, in Abbadia San Salvatore (SI) a large square, in Nonantola (MO) and in Collegno (TO) an elementary school, in Stradella (PV) a school of ‘Childhood, Ceriale (Sv) and Dorgali (Sardinia) a school [24] , a course in Grugliasco (TO), a street in Trescore Balneario (BG) a street and an elementary school in Macerata and a street in Toscanella (Bo) are named after the Cervi brothers and a street, both primary and childhood school That it is located in Filecchio (LU) are named after kindergarten and primary school. In Priverno a middle school is dedicated to the Cervi brothers. The large gardens of the castle are dedicated to Barletta. In the small Lombard municipality of Bonemerse on April 25, 1973, the primary school was entitled to them, just built. In the municipality of Quistello (MN) there is a way dedicated to them. In Ricuja, in Sicily, a road in the city center is entitled. A avenue is named after Prato.In Valenza Po, in the province of Alessandria, elementary school and a way is named. A semi -decentral path is dedicated to Terni near Piazza della Pace. A street is dedicated to Rome in the Mostacciano district and a comprehensive institute in the Gianicolense district. The municipal swimming pool is dedicated to Urbino. A street is dedicated to Citt\u00e0 della Pieve.Piero Calamandrei dedicated a famous to the story of the deer Epigraph . To the Cervi brothers, to their Italy It is also the title of a poem by Salvatore Quasimodo. The son of one of the brothers Cervi, Adelmo (son of Aldo), carries on the memory of his family with the political and cultural commitment in favor of the Italian Constitution. Songs [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] There are several songs dedicated to the Cervi brothers: Film [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Theatrical performances [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Honors [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Silver medal for military valor  “Belonging to a group of seven brothers, who first of the first, forming a team cemented by the constraints of blood and faith in the rebirth of Italy, the unamper armed struggle against the Nazi -fascists began. His home, which was asylum to the persecuted politicians and military and forge of each plot against the oppressive enemy, was attacked and set on fire and, after strenuous defense, the seven brothers reduced to the extreme limit of any resistance were captured, tortured and barbarously slaughtered . The burning faith that united them in life and in death and the sacrifice faced with heroic, supreme pride, make them the imperishable symbol of how much the love of homeland and the spirit of sacrifice can. ” – Reggio Emilia December 28, 1943 The decoration was conferred on each of the seven brothers. ^   The history of deer . are Fratellicervvi.it  (archived by URL Original July 22, 2011) .  ^  Alcide Cervi, My seven children , EINAUDI edition 2010 .  ^  Photos of diplomas and awards preserved in Museum of the Cervi house.  ^  Luciano Casali, “The tractor and the world champion. History and myth of the Cervi brothers”, in Contemporary history and problems , n. 47, January-April 2008, pp. 125-138.  ^  Alcide “Dad” Cervi , in Anpi.it . URL consulted on 11-08-2012.  ^  a b  History of the Sarzi family, from the website of Cervi Museum  Filed March 5, 2012 on the Internet Archive ..  ^  “… he fought several times against the Nazi-fascist forces, distinguishing himself for ability and self-sacrifice: first in Emilia, alongside the Cervi brothers, then on the Parma Apennines and in Alta Lunigiana, becoming famous above all for the victorious, legendary armed clash of Lake Santo Parmense of March 1944. ” From “The other side of the coin” , article by Carlo Spartaco Pagogreco on Dante Castellucci.  ^  In 1965 Alcide Cervi will be decorated by the Soviet Union with the order of the first class patriotic war “For the courage and value shown in the rescue of Soviet prisoners of war and for helping them during the Second World War” . Cfr. ( RU ) Anatoly Makarovich Tarasov – Russian Garibaldiec , in Udomelskaya old man. Almanac No. 40 . Tver Regional Library. A.M. Gorky, Tver ‘, 2010. URL Consultato in Data 09-07-2012.  ^  Hence the name of “Banda”, similarly to the “Corbari band”, in some aspects similar. Among other things, characteristic of the “Cervi Banda” is the high number of decorations to military valor to memory even with such a low number of components, exactly as for the “Corbari band”.  ^  Guerrino Franzini, History of the Reggiana Resistance, edited by Anpi Reggio Emilia, III ed., 1982, pag.50-51  ^  L’ Isral  Filed February 9, 2009 on the Internet Archive. (Institute for the history of resistance and contemporary society in the province of Alessandria, named after Carlo Gilardenghi, founder of the Gap of Alessandria), holds a fund of photographic material dedicated to Lucia Sarzi.  ^   Alcide Cervi Institute, The history of deer . are Fratellicervvi.it . URL consulted on January 4, 2009  (archived by URL Original March 5, 2012) .  ^  Nuto Revelli, First partisan resistance: Boves and deer .  ^  a b  Istoreco: Appointment with the story  ^  a b  Giorgio Pisan\u00f2 and Paolo Pisan\u00f2, The triangle of death , Mursia, Milan, 1992, p. 22.  ^  By way of example William Casotti, Ernesto Rigattieri . are Anpi Cavriago , March 1, 2011. URL consulted on November 22, 2022  (archived by URL Original April 14, 2013) .  ^  Giorgio Pisan\u00f2 and Paolo Pisan\u00f2, The triangle of death , Mursia, Milan, 1992, p. 24.  ^  Bruno Vespa, Winners and losers. The seasons of hatred. From racial laws to Prodi and Berlusconi , Mondadori, Milan, 2008.  ^  Silvio Bertoldi, Sal\u00f2: life and death of the Italian Social Republic , BUR, 2005, pp. 230-231  ^  Guerrino Franzini, History of the Reggio Emilia resistance , edited by the ANPI Reggio Emilia, III ed., 1982, pp. 52-53.  ^  Giorgio Pisan\u00f2, History of the Civil War in Italy , p. 448.  ^  Dotted by We are the story of 30 December 2010.  ^  Among these: Salice Salentino, Reggio Emilia, Pontassieve, Cecina, Pontenure, Pavia, Parma, Piacenza, Segrate, Genoa, Forl\u00ec, Livorno, Pisa, Mogliano Veneto, Bologna, Castel San Pietro Terme, Porretta Terme, Sant’Agata Bolognese, Nonantola , Brindisi, Cardito, Casoria, Ancona, Mantua, Pacetto di Valenza, Venaria Reale, Este, Vimercate, Rescaldina, Rozzano, Opera, Stradella, Belgiosi, Grugliasco, Abano Terme, Albino, Vimodrone (where there are both the way and the Largo Fratelli Cervi), Sciacca, Giugliano in Campania, Poggibonsi, in Rovigo a square in front of a church, Naples, Verona, Trebbo di Reno  ^  Primary schools in Collegno  ^  Songs against the war – The plain of the seven brothers  ^   Partisan notes . are Ramblers.it . URL consulted on 1 August 2011  (archived by URL Original September 11, 2011) .  ^  The editorial staff, Theater – “The stars of the bear”, a beautiful and tragic story of partisan struggle to be kept alive . are ilreventino.it , June 2, 2019. URL consulted on 10 July 2019 .  Alcide Cervi, My seven children , edited by Renato Nicolai, Rome, Editori Riuniti, 1955. Salvatore Quasimodo, “to the Cervi brothers, to their Italy”, in The false and real green. With a speech on poetry , Milan, Mondadori, 1956. Luigi Einaudi, The father of the Cervi brothers (with a message from the President of the Republic Carlo Azeglio Ciampi and a testimony of Carlo Levi), Rome, Night, 2004. ISBN 88-7452-043-3. Salvatore Lupo, Party and antipartite. A political history of the First Republic, 1946-78 , Rome, Donzelli, 2004. ISBN 88-7989-769-1. Luciano Casali, “Fratelli Cervi”, in Enzo Collotti, Renato Sandri and Frediano Sessi (edited by), Dictionary of the Resistance , Turin, Einaudi, 2006. ISBN 88-06-18247-1. Luciano Casali, “The tractor and the world champion. History and myth of the Cervi brothers”, in Contemporary history and problems , n. 47, January-April 2008, pp. 125\u2013138. Dario Fertilio, The last night of the Cervi brothers. A yellow in the triangle of death , Venice, Marsilio, 2012. ISBN 978-88-317-1306-1 Adelmo Cervi with Giovanni Zucca, I who know your heart. History of a partisan father told by a son , Piemme, 2014. ISBN 978-88-566-3717-5  "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/fratelli-cervi-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Fratelli Cervi – Wikipedia"}}]}]