[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/musical-band-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/musical-band-wikipedia\/","headline":"Musical band – Wikipedia","name":"Musical band – Wikipedia","description":"Music band of the Carabinieri weapon A musical band , or simply band , or also wind orchestra It is","datePublished":"2021-02-28","dateModified":"2021-02-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/60\/Banda_Musicale_Carabinieri_-_panoramio.jpg\/296px-Banda_Musicale_Carabinieri_-_panoramio.jpg","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/60\/Banda_Musicale_Carabinieri_-_panoramio.jpg\/296px-Banda_Musicale_Carabinieri_-_panoramio.jpg","height":"222","width":"296"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/musical-band-wikipedia\/","wordCount":4335,"articleBody":"Music band of the Carabinieri weapon A musical band , or simply band , or also wind orchestra It is a musical complex formed exclusively by wind and percussion musical instruments. In some formations the double bass can also be found and in this case the denomination is more appropriate wind orchestra O wind band .The absence of the arches (violins, violets and cello) is compensated by the use of breathless tools normally unrelated to the symphonic orchestra, such as flicoon, and massive use of breath instruments built in different “cuts”, like various types of clarinet and saxophone. The staff of the bands are extremely heterogeneous and have variants according to the geographical areas, from local traditions and, mainly in non -professional complexes (where, however, it is necessary to evaluate the economic aspect), from the availability of instrumentalists.The technical-musical level is also determined by numerous variables: in general, professional teams can be distinguished, whose level tends to the above, and amateur groups, in which however elements with a good preparation (also academic) may be present, the which level is very variable and depends on the competence of the masters (directors of the music schools often associated with complexes), as well as on the interest of local institutions. Regarding the academic sphere, in the conservatives of music it has long been possible to obtain the diploma in Band instrumentation . History [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Already in ancient times there were complexes of breath instruments. The Romans used them for religious, military and civil events. In the Middle Ages the first musical groups similar to the band are formed, including the complex that accompanied the Carroccio.The origin of the band, as it is understood today, however, dates back to the 14th century, when a reduced number of players served in the courts and lordships, with artistic and parade tasks. In the eighteenth century the band was made up of a number not exceeding eighteen elements; Towards the end of the century, new tools were perfected and the bands distinguished themselves among the towns and military ones. Until 1845, the regimental gangs were formed by an octavino, a quartino in FA, four or more clarinets in do, two bassters, two oboe, two trumpets, a trombone, two horns, a cimbasso, a serpentone, a counter -fag, eardrums, Turkish battery. [first] . In France the gangs had a strong impulse and in 1845 a reform proposed by Adolphe Sax was accepted which involved the insertion of high, low and sopranous saxophones, and acute saxcorno. In Italy, however, until 1860 there were no gangs with the predefined staff and only the Papal States had some bands that worked full time, while elsewhere the civil bands played mostly on special occasions, such as wedding and receptions of sovereigns. In 1865, in a musical congress in Naples, the Krakamp project was welcomed that distinguished the bands from the fanfares.In 1901 the master Alessandro Vessella, in Rome, carried on a reform that was also welcomed abroad and which provided for a single score divided by groups: Ance, clear brass, dark brands and percussion. In the early decades of the twentieth century, civil bands, in Italy, multiplied. [first] The three organellians organicians [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The Vessellian reform includes three organic: small gang (35 performers), medium band (54 performers) and large gang (102 performers). The main feature of these formations is the great instrumental variety: in fact Vessella aimed to use the greatest number of tools belonging to each family, from the most acute to the most serious. In this way it was possible to obtain timbre shades impossible to obtain with the previous staff. Small band (35 performers) A flute in do (also Ottavino) A small clarinet in Mi \u266d 4 Soprani clarinets in si \u266d first 4 Soprani clarinets in yes \u266d seconds A clarinet contralto in mi \u266d a soprano saxophone in yes \u266d A conflicting saxophone in Mi \u266d a tenor saxophone in Si \u266d (with a bass clarinet obligation in yes \u266d) a baritone saxophone in mi \u266d 2 horns in mi \u266d or in fa 2 Cornette in Si\u266d 3 Tenor Tromboni in Si \u266d (or two tenors in Si \u266d and one bass in FA) a flicorno nickname mi \u266d \u266d 2 Soprane Fligorn in Si \u266d 2 Flycorn opposed in Mi \u266d \u266d a tenor flingter in yes \u266d 2 Flicorni baritone in si \u266d a serious low flicorno in FA or MI \u266d \u266d a flourish double bass in yes \u266d a drum (with the obligation of eardrums) a cashier a couple of dishes Average band (54 performers) 2 flutes in do (one with Ottavino’s obligation) 2 Oboi A small clarinet in La \u266d 2 small clarinets in mi \u266d 6 Clarinetti Soprani in Si \u266d first 6 Soprani clarinets in yes \u266d seconds A clarinet contralto in mi \u266d a low clarinet in yes \u266d a soprano saxophone in yes \u266d A conflicting saxophone in Mi \u266d a tenor saxophone in yes \u266d a baritone saxophone in mi \u266d A low saxophone in yes \u266d 2 horns in mi \u266d or in fa 2 Cornette in Si\u266d A trumpet opposed in Mi \u266d a low trumpet in yes \u266d 3 Tenor Tromboni in Si \u266d A low trombone in FA a flicorno nickname mi \u266d \u266d 2 Soprane Fligorn in Si \u266d 3 Contralti flicorn in Mi \u266d \u266d 2 Tenor Fligorn in Si \u266d 2 Flicorni baritone in si \u266d a serious low flicorno in FA a serious low flicorno in mi \u266d \u266d 2 fliction smacks in and \u266d 2 drums (one with the obligation of eardrums) a cashier a couple of dishes Gran Banda (102 performers) 4 flutes in do (one with Ottavino’s obligation) 2 obi in do (one with an English horn obligation in FA) 2 small clarinets in La \u266d 2 small clarinets in mi \u266d 6 Soprani clarinets in yes \u266d first to 6 Soprani clarinets in yes \u266d first b 6 Soprani clarinets in yes \u266d seconds a 6 Soprani clarinets in yes \u266d seconds b 2 clarinets contrali in mi \u266d \u266d 2 low clarinets in yes \u266d A contra-high clarinet in Mi \u266d a double bass clarinet in yes \u266d 2 soprano saxophones in si \u266d 2 Saxophones opposed in Mi \u266d 2 tenor saxophones in yes \u266d 2 saxophone baritone in mi \u266d 2 low sax in and \u266d 2 doubles in Ancia 6 horns in mi \u266d or in fa 6 Cornette in Si\u266d 2 trumpets contralte in mi \u266d 2 low trumpets in yes \u266d 4 Tenor Trombones in YES \u266d A low trombone in FA a trombone double bass in yes \u266d 2 Sopranine flicoths in mi \u266d \u266d 4 Soprane Flicorno in Si \u266d 4 ContraLTI FLICORNI IN MI \u266d 2 Tenor Fligorn in Si \u266d 4 Flicorni baritone in si \u266d 2 low-grave flicorn in FA 2 severe low flichouts in mi \u266d 2 fliction smacks in and \u266d 1 double bass in rope Timpani 2 drums (with Basque, triangle and various tambourine obligation) a cashier Two pairs of dishes (with Tam-Tam obligation, bells and various) Military gang [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Players were already employed in ancient armies, especially in the army of ancient Rome, and also among the Greeks, who sucked the trumpets.But there were also non -military corporations. These corporations, with various names and figures, reappear in feudal courts and medieval municipalities.In particular, the figure of the tambourine indicating the cadence was introduced. The origin is Arabic and introduced by these in Europe. [2] The French army, Swiss troops, already have their strictly organized instrumentalists in the 16th century. Decisive momentum took place in France and Germany which served as a basis for the progressive band development in Europe. With the French Revolution and the formation of the national army, the previous regimental bands ceased to be “property” of the officers, who had to personally maintain their maintenance, and became an organic part of the army [3] . The development of military band complexes in Great Britain, Belgium, Prussia, Austria and Russia was also remarkable in the 19th century. The band gives the parade [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Training characterized exclusively by tools (aerophones and percussion) such as to make musical execution possible during the march. Aerofoni (Ottavini, Flutes, Fagotti, Clarinets, Oboi, Sassophones, Tromboni, Flumbers, Sousafoni) are added those to percussion (military drum, grill, dishes and triangle). During the parades, since the traditional direction is impossible, the band is directed by the Mazziere (called, in the military bands and in the Marching band, the major drum) that parades together with the players, preceding them and giving them their shoulders. The direction through a bat allows you to impose not only the commands related to music but also those relating to the movements to be performed, for example seeing Band still existing in the historical Tyrol area. The marching band It is a parade band characterized by a high technical level, by a refined style of travel and by the construction of a choreographic show. Concert band (wind orchestra, or symphonic band) [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] It is a formation that performs on a stage and does not parade. In his staff he therefore includes the winds of the parade band but also other more uncomfortable to play in motion, such as the double Ance (Oboe, English horn, bassoon, counter -fag), the low clarinet and double bass, the largest tube; In some cases it may integrate non -portable tools such as harp, piano or electronic keyboard, cello, double bass, glockenspiel and even guitar (classic or electric) and electric bass. The main integration is, unquestionably, in the section of percussion with keyboards (celesta, Glockenspiel, xylophone, vibraphone, Marimba, tubular bells), Timpani, drums and an infinite choice of effects, accessories, “noises” and African percussion, Latin -American, oriental. These tools greatly enrich the timbre palette of the band, allowing both to obtain otherwise impossible sounds, and to integrate with the more traditional tools (for example to enrich and “soften” the sound of serious tools). This complex makes possible the execution of a decidedly varied repertoire that can range from traditional gears to opera symphonies, passing through pop, jazz, funk, blues and rock, to get to the large original compositions for band staff . The union of the band with choral complexes and solo singers is frequent. The symphonic band has rather recent origins (XIX\/20th century). An example of the symphonic band of excellence that follows the typically Italian staff codified by Alessandro Vessella is the musical band of the Carabinieri weapon, while in the professional field we can mention the civic wind orchestra of the Municipality of Milan. Among the many Italian gangs receiving awards in the Kerkrade world competition are reported the Ciminna band, which obtained the gold medal at the 17th edition [4] And the Ferentino gang, winner of the competition in 2009. [5] The oldest gang in Italy is the “Guido Moretti 1518” Philharmonic company – of Pietra Ligure – founded on 8 July 1518 by the parish priest Don Nicol\u00f2 Nano to accompany religious functions and processions as evidenced by the notarial deed lying by Gerolamo Basadonne di stone Ligure. Girk band [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] A particular type of band is the “Giro band”, typical of Southern Italy and in particular of Puglia, Campania and Abruzzo. These are great formations that, alongside a large repertoire of symphonic gears and religious music, perform on the typical stages called “harmonic coffers” transcriptions of entire classic symphonies and symphonic poems, such as the fifth or seventh of Beethoven, the Ouverture 1812 of \u010cajkovskij, the Pini di Roma of Respighi or the paintings from an exhibition by Musorgskij. They also perform large transcriptions (famous those of A. Vessella) of lyrical works (e.g. of Verdi, Puccini, Bellini), where the sung arias are interpreted by soloists at Flicorno: the flicorno nickname (often replaced by the Superra Croissant) has the The role of the soprano, the soprano flicorno that of the second soprano or mezzosoprano or of the contralto, the tenor flicorno (almost always replaced by the tenor or cylinder tenor trombone, called “singing”) that of the tenor, to the baritone flicorno, or to Eufonio, that of baritone or bass. marching band [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] They are called fanfare The parade musical formations composed exclusively of brass (such as the famous Bersaglieri fanfara). Their repertoire focuses on military gears, even if there is no lack of transcriptions of other musical genres. Band of brass ( brass band ) [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] It is a concert band formation made up exclusively of brass and percussion. Its modern variant is the powerbrass . It is a derivation of the Swiss carnival formations called “Guggenmusik”. Training composed in principle from: 4-6 Bassi tuba or Susafoni, 10 trombones in the coulisse if divided into 3 voices, 10 trumpets also divided into 3 items, 4-6 baritone flyches. As for percussion, the TIPO formation consists of 4-6 GranCasse [ without source ] , 4-6 batteries and there may also be percussionists with small various tools. The peculiarities of these groups are that are currently limited to Switzerland and Germany, the repertoire is taken from modern and pop-rock music since the 70s onwards. The songs are generally arranged by the directors themselves (there are still no composers and arrangers in this sector). Brassband of English tradition [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] English Brassband is a concert musical training made up of a precise staff of brass and percussion. Born in British musical realities, this training provides for a very precise staff (ratified by the various associations of Brassband and necessary to be able to access the competitions and competitions organized for these formations) and limited to specific tools, excluding for example trumpets and horns, present instead in orchestras and bands. The standard staff provides: 1 soprano croissant in mi \u266d 9 cornettes in yes \u266d. In the front row: a first handset, three solo croissants; In the second row, a Repiano cornet, 2 second cornets and 2 third handle 1 Flugelhorn (also called Flicorno Soprano) in Si \u266d 3 Tenor Horns (also called opposing flycorine) in Mi \u266d 2 baritone horns (in Si\u266d) 2 tenor trombones (in yes \u266d) 1 low trombone (in yes \u266d) 2 eufonium (in Si\u266d) 2 FLEASE TUBE IN MI \u266d 2 Flying tuba in si \u266d from 2 to 4 percussionists This formation, which has great spread in countries such as the United Kingdom, boasts a large original repertoire, as well as countless transcriptions.Among the best known formations we mention the Black Dyke Band, the Grimethorpe Colliery Band, the Cory Band and the Brass Band 13 \u00c9toiles.  The original repertoire performed by the musical bands ranges from parade marches and symphonic gears to symphonic compositions or in any case intended for concerts. The Italian band tradition has enjoyed the favor of many of the most famous names of the Italian nineteenth century, such as Giuseppe Verdi, Amilcare Ponchielli, Pietro Mascagni and Davide delle Ceso, authors who have held the role of bandworks and composed for band . The gang played an important role also in the history of the work, especially starting from the nineteenth century, sometimes present on the scene ( La Gazza Ladra ) but more often used as a second orchestra behind the scenes, with the effect of stage music. At the time of Verdi, the practice was to write the opera steps for band on two pentagrams, without instrumentation. The distribution of the parts was up to the bandworks. But the undisputed merit of the slow transformation of Italian gangs goes to Alessandro Vessella, director of the municipal band of Rome from 1885 to 1921, author of a very important text of instrumentation and innovative innovative of the band organization. The evolution of musical bands was also determined by those authors who dedicated their artistic talent mainly to bandwidth writing such as Rocco Cristiano, whose compositions are still performed by numerous Italian bands; Massimo Boario, author of 580 works. In Anglo -Saxon countries, at least John Philip Sousa and Kenneth J. Alford are to be remembered. More recently, among the numerous musicians who have ventured into bandwidth we also find cultured and even avant -garde composers such as Arnold Sch\u00f6nberg, Charles Ives, Darius Milhaud, Paul Hindemith, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Samuel Barber, Gustav Holst and names of the same value but of lower notoriety, such as Alfred Reed. In Italy, developments relevant in the way of conceiving the band composition were had during the second half of the twentieth century, thanks to the arrival of a new repertoire, thanks to some Dutch and American publishing houses. In fact, most contemporary composers of original bands for bands come from these two countries, as well as Belgium and Italy. The main ones have or were Alfred Reed, Johan de Meji, Jan Van der Roost, Hardy Mertens, Roland Kernen, Henk Van Lijnschooten, Philip Spartke, Bert Army, Jacob De Haan, Andr\u00e8 Wignein, Thierry Deleruyelle [6] , Otto M. Schwarz. In our country we remember, among others, Giuseppe Pianrtoni, Giovanni Orsomando, Salvatore Pucci, Giovanni Ligasacchi, Carlo Pirola, Lorenzo della Fonte, Piero Vidale, Gastone Lottieri, Pietro Lanzilotta, Amedeo Vella, Nicola Corbascio, Nunzio Ortolano, Lorenzo Pusceddu. The Spanish contribution is also important, where there is a very rich tradition. Also in this country there are many composers, one of all affirmed worldwide is Valenciano Ferrer Ferran. Genres that cannot be worsenable [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The traditional band In addition to the garbage repertoire, it can also perform danceable songs, such as waltz, Mazurke, Polke, as well as folk music, hymns and patriotic songs for the national holidays and sacred songs such as Marian or in any case ecclesiastical songs, for occasions such as ceremonies and parties linked to the religion. Original music for band [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] This kind of music does not consist of arrangements of more known works but was expressly born for the typical formations of a wind orchestra. In Europe the pioneer nation of this kind have been the Netherlands which are still the home of the best orchestras of European winds and the best known composers of this kind. In reality, even in Italy the genre was practiced by many composers, both during the nineteenth century, by authors such as Giuseppe, Paolo and Vittorio Flippa and Giuseppe Manente, and during the twentieth century, with authors such as Mariano Bartolucci, Francesco Pellegrino, Giovanni Orsomando , Enrico Sabatini, Gastone Lottieri etc. The main forms of the original Italian music are symphony (especially that of Rossinian style), the symphonic interlude, the original imagination and the symphonic picture. Modern original band music was instead introduced during the 1980s thanks to the activity of many bandwidth directors, gradually spreading until they create a vast cultural change in the band. There are six levels of difficulty execution of original band music where level 1 is the simplest. There are various competitions for musical bands, where formations can compare and be evaluated by expert juries.The most important at European level are: Kerkrade (Netherlands) every four years – WMC – World Music Contest, in which formations from all over the world and the Certamen Internacional de Bandas de Musica Ciudad de Valencia (Spain) are usually participated, which is also the Ancient competition in Europe (first edition in 1886) and the most recent GmbC “Gen\u00e8ve Music Band Contest” which takes place in Geneva (Switzerland). [7] In Italy we find the following among the most famous: ^  a b  “Dictionary of music”, by A.Della Corte and G.M. Gatti, published by Paravia & C., Turin, 1956, “Banda” item, page 44-45  ^  Giuseppe Grassi, Italian military dictionary , 1833  ^  www.treccani.it  ^  Gold medal for the Ciminna band  ^  Layout 1  ^   Band . are thierrydeleruyelle.com . URL consulted on June 10, 2020  (archived by URL Original on June 10, 2020) .  ^   Home ITA . are Geneva Music Band Contest . URL consulted on 6 September 2020 .   "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/musical-band-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Musical band – Wikipedia"}}]}]