Abdul Aziz – Wikipedia

Abdul Aziz , said the unfortunate (in Turkish Ottoman: Abdulaziz , Abdulaziz ; Istanbul, February 8, 1830 – Palazzo Feriye, June 4, 1876), was the 32nd sultan of the Ottoman Empire.

He reigned from 25 June 1861 to 30 May 1876 ^[first] .
He was the son of the sultan Mahmud II and succeeded his brother Abdul Mejid I in 1861 ^[2] .

He was born on February 8, 1830 ^[first] .

Western education and admiration for Europe [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

Abdul Aziz – despite having received an Ottoman education – was a fervent admirer of European scientific and technical progress. He was interested in literature and was a classical music composer: some of his compositions were collected on the album ” European music at the Ottoman court “of the Music Academy of the Ottoman Court of London. It was impressed by the London Museums ^[3] , Paris ^[3] and Vienna ^[3] , so much so that he tried to establish an archaeological museum also in Constantinople ^[3] .

Reforms during the kingdom [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

Abdul Aziz marked his activity in an attempt to modernize his country in European key: in addition to the reforms in the administrative and very important education, the modernization of the Ottoman Navy was: in 1875 the fleet of the Empire had twenty -one armored and other one hundred and seventy -three Types of warships, thus becoming the third war navy after the British and French ones.

During his kingdom, the first railway network of the Ottoman Empire was also built, and the Sirkeci station in Istanbul, the term of the Orient Express.

The modernization of the country were made possible thanks to the economic support of many European nations, which invested significant quantities of money in long -term projects and infrastructure. However, this fact had a not indifferent repercussion, as it rendered the Ottoman Empire actually dependent economically and politically by many European nations.

Decline and death [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

It was precisely during the kingdom of Abdul Aziz that the movement of the Ottoman young people developed from which the well -known movement of the young Turks will later be formed: intellectuals, army officers and politicians, all of a progressive mold, put pressure to further modernize The country, reducing bureaucracy, reforming the army structure and proposing a democratic government. Initially the sultan left a certain space to these currents, with whom he shared the ideas of modernization and westernization of the country.

After 1871 Abdul Aziz, however, impressed the country with a reactionary and autocratic turning point, firmly refusing the concession of a constitution; This line was widely contested by the young Ottomans, and weakened the position of the sovereign. In the same period, the seventies of the nineteenth century, the economy of the Ottoman Empire experienced a profound crisis, also due to the very strong economic penetration of the European powers, and the fall of the sultan became increasingly probable. On 29 May 1876 Abdul Aziz was laid down by a group of officers and a few days later he was found dead, officially from suicide ^[4] .

Abdülaziz’s harem was known because, despite the slavery in the empire had already been abolished, his mother Pertevniyal Sultan continued to send you girls slaves from the areas of the Caucasus.

Consort [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

Abdulaziz Ebbe Sei Consortion: ^{[5] [6]}

• Dürrinev Kadin (March 15, 1835 – 4 December 1895). Başkadin. Also called Dürrunev Kadın. Georgiana, born princess Melek Drenakş-Lpa, before becoming a consort of Abdülaziz was a lady of Servetseza Kadin, Başkad of Abdülmecid I. had two children and a daughter.
• Edadil Kadin (1845 – 12 December 1875). Second Kadın. He was ABCASA, born princess Aredba. Appreciated by Pertevniyal Sultan and Adile Sultan, he became his wife of Abdülaziz at the time of his rise to the throne. He had a son and a daughter.
• Hayranidil Kadin (November 2, 1846 – 26 November 1895). Second Kadın after Edadil’s death. Perhaps of slave origin. He had a son and a daughter.
• Neşerek Kadin (1848 – 11 June 1876). Third kadın. Also called Nesrin Kadın or Nesteren Kadin. Style, born in Sochi as Princess Zevş-Barakay. He had a son and a daughter.
• Gevheri Kadin (8 July 1856 – 6 September 1884). Fourth Kadın. He was Abcasa and his original name was Emine Hanim. He had a son and a daughter.
• Star lady. Başıkbal. Sorella di Safinaz Nurefsun Kadın, Una Consorte di Abdulhamid II. Ebbe Due Figlie.

In addition to these, Abdülaziz designed to marry the Egyptian princess Tawhida Hanim, daughter of the Egypt of Chedivè Isma’il Pasha. His great visir, Mehmed Füad Paşah, was against the wedding and wrote a note for the Sultan, in which he explained that the marriage would be politically counterproductive and would give an excessive advantage to Egypt. However, the great donut, instead of delivering the note to the sultan, read it in public, humiliating it. Even if the marriage project was abandoned, Füad was fired for the accident.

Children [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

Abdülaziz had six children: ^{[7] [8] [9]}

• Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin (11 October 1857 – February 1, 1916) – with Dürrinev Kadın. Favorite son of his father, he was born when Abdülaziz was still prince and therefore he was kept hidden until his climb to the throne. During his reign, Abdülaziz tried, without success, to change the succession law to allow him to inherit the throne. He had six consorts, two sons and two daughters.
• Şehzade Mahmud Celaleddin (November 14, 1862 – September 1, 1888) – with Edadil Kadin. He was deputy amateur, pianist and flutist. He was the favorite nephew of Adile Sultan, who dedicated several poetic components to him. He had a consort but no son.
• Şehzade Mehmed Selim (28 October 1866 – 21 October 1867) – with Dürrinev Kadın. Born and died at Palazzo Dolmabahçe, buried in the Mahmud II mausoleum.
• Abdülmecid II (29 May 1868 – 23 August 1944) – with Hayranidil Kadin. He never became sultan because of the abolition of the sultanate in 1922, and it was the last caliph of the Ottoman Empire.
• Şehzade Mehmed şevket (June 5, 1872 – 22 October 1899) – with Neşerek Kadın. The orphaned of both parents at the age of four was welcomed to Palazzo Yıldız by Abdülhamid II, who grew him up with his children. He had a consort and a son.
• Şehzade Mehmed Seyfeddin (September 22, 1874 – 19 October 1927) – with Gevheri Kadin. Having remained an orphan of father, he was welcomed by his half -brother şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin. Deputy Admiral and musician. He had four consorts, three children and a daughter.

Daughters [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

Abdulaziz Ebbe Figlie: ^{[ten] [11] [twelfth]}

• Fatma Saliha Sultan (10 August 1862 – 1941) – with Dürrinev Kadın. He married once and had a daughter.
• Nazime Sultan (February 25, 1866 – 9 November 1947) – with Hayranidil Kadin. He married once but he had no children.
• Emine Sultan (30 November 1866 – 23 January 1867) – with Edadil Kadin. Born and died at Palazzo Dolmabahçe. Buried in the Mahmud II mausoleum.
• Esma Sultan (March 21, 1873 – 7 May 1899) – with Gevheri Kadin. Orphan of father at the age of three, he was welcomed with his mother by the half -brother şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin. He married once and had four children and a daughter. He died of childbirth.
• Fatma Sultan (1874 – 1875) – With Yıldız Hanim. Born and died at Palazzo Dolmabahçe, buried in the Mahmud II mausoleum.
• Emine Sultan (24 August 1874 – 29 January 1920) – with Neşerek Kadın. Orphans of both parents at two years old, was welcomed by the half -brother şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin. He married once and had a daughter.
• Münire Sultan (1876/1877 – 1877) – With Yıldız Hanim. Born posthumously and dead baby girl.

Ottoman honors [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

Foreign honors [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]