[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/branch-rickey-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/branch-rickey-wikipedia\/","headline":"Branch Rickey – Wikipedia","name":"Branch Rickey – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Wesley Branch Rickey (Stockdale, 20 December 1881 – Columbia, 9 December 1965) was a baseball player, baseball coach and","datePublished":"2017-06-26","dateModified":"2017-06-26","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/61\/Branch_Rickey_1906.png\/220px-Branch_Rickey_1906.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/61\/Branch_Rickey_1906.png\/220px-Branch_Rickey_1906.png","height":"214","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/branch-rickey-wikipedia\/","wordCount":9370,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Wesley Branch Rickey (Stockdale, 20 December 1881 – Columbia, 9 December 1965) was a baseball player, baseball coach and American sports manager, a member of the baseball Hall of Fame.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4He is considered one of the baseball innovators in the United States: during his career he put Jackie Robinson under contract (first African American to play in MLB in modern times) [first] and Roberto Clemente (first Ispano American to enter the baseball Hall of Fame) [2] , he created the satellite teams system in the smaller league [3] and made mandatory for players the use of the protective helmet during the joke [4] . It was nicknamed The Brain [5] It is Mahatma [5] [6] . He was born in Stockdale in Ohio from a peasant family. He received a rigid Christian education that deeply influenced his life and his professional career: because of his religious beliefs he always refused to play on Sunday baseball and was an active supporter of the fight against alcoholism (he adhered to the Anti-Saloon League one of the main organizations that mobilized for the introduction of prohibition in the United States) [5] . He was also a member of Freemasonry, which began in a loggia of Saint Louis and then affiliated to one of Brooklyn [7] . At the age of 17 he worked as a teacher, although not yet graduated, in a Creek Turkey School in the County of Scioto, subsequently attended Ohio Wesleyan University where he started practicing the American football first and then baseball [8] . In 1904 he obtained Bachelor’s qualification in literature [9] .        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4In 1908 he fell ill with tuberculosis and the following year he was forced to spend a period in the Sneak of Sarac, in the New York state [ten] , when his condition improved he enrolled in the University of Michigan where he dedicated himself to jurisprudence studies. In 1911 he obtained his degree in law [11] . In 1906 he married Jane Multon, a girl known during adolescence [twelfth] . During the First World War he served as an officer in France at the 1st Regiment of Chemical Warfare Service, he was in command of a unit that also included other famous baseball players of the time: Ty Cobb, Christy Mathewson and George Sisler [13] . On November 13, 1965 while he was holding a thanksgiving speech to Columbia for his entry into the Missouri Sport Hall of Fame, he had a heart attack and collapsed on the ground [14] , he died almost a month later without having taken back to knowing [15] . His remains were buried at the Rushtown Cemetery in Rushtown in Ohio [16] .        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsPlayer [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Trainer [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] General Manager [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] General Manager [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Player [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Branch Rickey in 1906 with the St. Louis Browns shirt. During the years at Ohio Wesleyan University he began playing baseball in the role of Catcher, he was also a member of the university football team at the same time. In 1902, during a break from the studies, he agreed to play for the Portsmouth Navvies, a semi -professional team [17] ; This first player experience created several Rickey problems as when the university sports season in some local newspapers began the articles in which the fact was contested that having been salary to play it could no longer be considered an amateur and therefore could not play in the College team. Rickey admitted that he was paid to play, specifying that the money earned had been used by him to pay for his studies, and was therefore ousted from the University team, however the following year he became the coach of the university baseball team [17] . In the summer of 1903 he accepted a proposal from the team of Terre Haute in Indiana militant in the Class B Central League, the contract was then detected by the team of Le Mars who played in the Iow-South Dakota League [18] . The following year his contract was purchased by the Dallas team who played in the Texas League, one of the most important minor alloys of the time. During his stay in Texas he played regularly as catcher, he closed the season with an average joke of .261 and was noticed above all for his ability in the defensive game by putting 41 assists for the eliminations [18] . The good results obtained aroused the interest of some MLB teams, in particular the Cincinnati Reds made a formal offer to acquire his contract. However, Rickey never played an official game with the Reds since at the time of purchase of the contract the club managers had not been informed that he was a fervent follower of the Christian doctrine of Sabbatarianism who prevented him from working or practicing sports on Sunday [19] . In fact, although he had managed to convince the owner of the team, he had to face the clear opposition of the coach Joe Kelley who sided him on the field sporadically and only in friendly matches. At the end of the season, his relationship with the Reds ended and the contract returned to Dallas’s team [20] . The following year it was the Chicago White Sox who took over his contract, Rickey this time immediately made clear with the owner of the team that his religious creed prevented him from playing on Sunday and asked that this clause was put in writing. At first the owner, Charles Comiskey, seemed to endorse the player’s claims, but before the start of the season the White Sox decided to exchange through a rickey market operation with Frank Roth, catcher from St. Louis Browns [20] . Rickey joined the St. Louis team to the current season as he obtained the possibility of ending the university competitive season from the team (at that moment he was the coach of the Allegheny College team). On June 16, 1905 he made his debut in the MLB as a St. Louis Browns player, taking over the match against Philadelphia Athletics, during the game he presented himself three times to the joke suffering two strikeouts and an elimination on the fly [20] . In his first vintage with Browns he played only an official game [21] . The following year he collected 65 appearances with 57 valid and 3 home runs [22] . In 1907 he passed to the New York Highlanders, during the season he played 52 games with an average beat of .182 [23] Then an injury to the arm used to launch convinced him to withdraw from competitive activity [24] . In 1914 he held the double role of coach and player of the St. Louis Browns, but took the field only sporadically as his main commitment was the managerial one [25] . In total, during his career he played 120 games in the Major League Baseball scoring 82 valid, 39 RBI and 3 Home Run with an average overall beat of .239 [26] . Trainer [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The baseball team of the University of Michigan in 1910. Branch Rickey is the third from the left in the central row. In 1903 after being ousted from the university team, thanks also to the departure of the previous coach, he received the task of training the baseball team of Ohio Wesleyan University, at the time he was only 21 years old. After a first year with modest results, in 1904 his team won 14 out of 19 games played [27] . Charles “Tommy” Thomas, one of the very few color students of the University, who often was insulted by the color of his skin and even on one occasion, played in the Rickey team. Dame in Indiana, he was refused to accommodate the hotel staff where he had to stay overnight the team [28] . This experience made Rickey particularly sensitive to the problem of racial integration and was one of the reasons that pushed him many years after acting to obtain the abolition of racial segregation in American professional baseball [28] . In 1905, the first MLB experience with Cincinnati Reds has failed, he accepted the position of teacher and coach of the baseball and football teams of the Allegheny College, a Methodist Institute of Meadville in Pennsylvania. He held the assignment until the end of the 1906 sports season although in the meantime he had already become a Browns player [29] . While he was at the University of Michigan Rickey he tried in every way to become the baseball team coach, he sent numerous letters to Philip Bartelme, head of the University’s sports activities, until he managed to convince him to entrust him with the assignment [30] . He took care of the guide of Michigan Wolverines from 1910 to 1913, during his management he collected 69 wins and 31 defeats, to report that during the period in which Rickey led the team this did not take part in the Big Ten Conference [thirty first] . In 1912 he was recalled by the St. Louis Browns to play a role within the company (first as an observer then as manager) [twelfth] ; The following year, a few games from the conclusion of the season, he was entrusted with the task of leading the team directly on the pitch as a manager. He remained at the helm of the Browns for two more seasons obtaining modest results: 71 wins and 82 defeats (.464) in 1914 [32] , 63 wins and 91 defeats (.409) in 1915 [33] . During the vintage 1914 he held the dual role of player and manager even if his presence on the field was minimal since only 2 games played [25] . In 1919, after a quarrel with Phil Ball, owner of the Browns who did not share his ideas to enhance emerging players [34] , he moved to the rival citizens of the St. Louis Cardinals. Initially he played the dual role of president and manager of the team, then the following year he left the presidential charge in favor of Sam Breadon, the new owner of the team, but maintained the position of coach to which a whole series of prerogatives were added that In fact, the General Manager also made it. He led the Cardinals from 1919 to 1925, in this second experience at the helm of a franchise he obtained decidedly better results: after a first year closed with only 54 wins and 83 defeats (.394), the percentages of victories gradually risen from season to season , .487 in 1920 [35] , .569 in 1921 [36] , .552 in 1922 [37] , .516 in 1923 [38] e .422 in 1924 [39] . In the 1925 season he was raised by the position after 38 games (.342 with 13 wins and 25 defeats) [40] . The following year Rickey dedicated himself exclusively to the managerial career and the Cardinals, led by Rogers Hornsby, won their first World Series [41] . General Manager [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Branch Rickey (right) in 1960 in Cincinnati. The first corporate assignment was entrusted to him by the Browns in 1912 who hired him as an observer, in this guise he reported George Sisler, his partner at the time of college, and future member of the baseball Hall of Fame [twelfth] .Rickey made his first experiences in managerial roles with the Browns but was after the passage to Cardinals who began to put his innovative ideas into practice. He was General Manager of the St. Louis Cardinals from 1919 to 1942, in particular during the period in which he also held the assignment of manager of the team (1919-1925) he invested a good part of the resources available for his scouting activity in the minor alloys, he in fact created that system of satellite teams (known as farm system ) still used today by the teams of the Major League Baseball. The fruits of his investments were visible from the 30s when the Cardinals, thanks to the players discovered and raised in the teams affiliated in minor alloys, won the National League three times (1930 [42] , 1931 [43] and 1934 [44] ) and twice the World Series (1931 [45] and 1934 [forty six] ). During his last year in charge like GM the Cardinals won the National League again (with 106 seasonal victories, team records still unbeaten) [47] And then the World Series against New York Yankees [48] . In 1943 the Brooklyn Dodgers took him to play the role of president and GM to replace Larry Macphail who had enrolled in the army to fight in the Second World War [49] . Also during his experience in Brooklyn he was the architect of important innovations: he created true beach in Florida, in a former abandoned Marina barracks, the first system used exclusively for the pre -payable preparation ( spring training ) [50] Furthermore, he assumed the Aln Roth statistician as a full -time collaborator thus becoming one of the pioneers of the Sambermertic Baseball approach [51] . During his stay at the Dodgers was the architect of another turning point of the US baseball, it was in fact his decision to contract Jackie Robinson in 1947 who broke the so -called baseball color line That is that discriminatory rule in force since 1880 which prevented African Americans from playing in the MLB [52] . Robinson’s engagement, despite the initial racial tensions that also occurred within the same team as the Dodgers, was a success from a sporting point of view and is remembered as an important step in the history of the racial integration of the United States [53] . In 1950 he accepted an offer to become the new GM of the Pittsburgh Pirates, with the new team he scored another important blow: the engagement of Roberto Clemente in 1955 [2] . As happened for Jackie Robinson, also the engagement of Clemente (originally from Puerto Rico) created initial racial problems in fact at the time the presence of Latin American players was almost nothing [54] . From a sporting point of view it was another Rickey success since it proved to be one of the strongest players in the history of MLB (15 appearances at the All-Star Game, 12 Gold Glove Award won and member of the baseball Hall of Fame) [55] . Between 1952 and 1953 the use of the protective helmet for its players made mandatory, in 1956 the National League officially adopted this rule and two years later the American League also adapted [4] . In 1955 due to the worsening of his health conditions he retired definitively from the world of baseball. During his career he received three times Sporting News Executive of the Year Award (1936, 1942 and 1947) [56] . The Denver Rotary Club has organized a prize dedicated to him since 1992, the Branch Rickey Award, which is annually awarded to the figure of the MLB which is most distinguished by its humanitarian commitment [57] . In 2004 Branch Rickey was appointed by the Espn as Most Influential Sports Figure of the 20th Century [58] . Over the years the character of Branch Rickey has appeared in several biographical films, his role was played by Minor Watson in The Jackie Robinson Story (1950) [59] , da Edward Herrmann in Soul of the Game (1996) [59] e the hrison sard in 42 – The true story of an American legend (two thousand and thirteen) [59] . In 2009 the University of Michigan commissioned the production of the documentary Branch Rickey: A Matter of Fairness , the film was awarded with an Emmy Award by the Michigan Chapter of the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences [60] . General Manager [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] St. Louis Cardinals: 1926, 1931, 1934, 1942 St. Louis Cardinals: 1926, 1928, 1930, 1931, 1934, 1942 Brooklyn Dodgers: 1947, 1949 ^  ( IN ) Larry Schwartz, Jackie changed face of sports . are espn.go.com , Espn.com. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  a b  ( IN ) Kane Simmons, MLB Should Honor Roberto Clemente Like Jackie Robinson . are BleacherReport.com , April 22, 2009. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) Top 10 Most Significant Owners – 1. Branch Rickey (Dodgers) . are RealClearss.com , 18 May 2012. URL consulted on November 24, 2012  (archived by URL Original January 22, 2012) .  ^  a b  ( IN ) Larry Granillo, Searching for the History of the Batting Helmet . are wezen-ball.com , 8 Marzo 2010. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  a b c  ( IN ) Book Honors Baseball\u2019s “Brain” Branch Rickey . are missourinet.com , 2 September 2007. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) Branch Rickey Statistics & History . are baseball-heference.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) Famous Masons II: Dreamers and Doers . are nymasons.org . URL consulted on November 24, 2012  (archived by URL Original on 11 August 2012) .  ^  ( IN ) Lee Lowenfish, Branch Rickey: Baseball’s Ferocious Gentleman , University of Nebraska Press, 2009, pp. 13-15, ISBN 0-8032-2453-2  ^  Lowenfish, on. Cit., p. 25  ^  ( IN ) Branch Rickey Collection – Chapter Three . are rickeyCollection.owu.edu , Ohio Wesleyan University. URL consulted on November 24, 2012  (archived by URL Original March 22, 2013) .  ^  ( IN ) Laura Lessnau, Baseball execs honor Branch Rickey, who signed Jackie Robinson, with new Michigan Law professorship . are ns.umich.edu , University of Michigan News Service, 14 July 2008. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  a b c  ( IN ) Roger W. Smith, Notable Sports Figures – Rickey, Wesley Branch . are Encyclopedia.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) Murray Polner, Branch B. Rickey, Branch Rickey: A Biography , McFarland, 2007,  p.\u00a076, ISBN\u00a00-7864-2643-8.  ^  ( IN ) Branch Rickey, 83, Dies in Missouri . are nytimes.com , New York Times, 10 December 1965. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) Branch Rickey . are Ohohistorycentral.org . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) Branch Rickey (1881 – 1965) . are Findagrave.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  a b  Lowenfish, op. Cit., PP. 21-22  ^  a b  Lowenfish, op. Cit., PP. 24-25  ^  ( IN ) Harold Seymour, Dorothy Seymour Mills, Baseball: The Golden Age , Oxford University Press, 1971,  pp.\u00a0361-362, ISBN\u00a00-19-501403-0.  ^  a b c  Lowenfish, on. Cit., p. 30-31  ^  ( IN ) 1905 St. Louis Browns – Batting, Pitching, & Fielding Statistics . are baseball-heference.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) 1906 St. Louis Browns – Batting, Pitching, & Fielding Statistics . are baseball-heference.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) 1907 New York Highlanders – Batting, Pitching, & Fielding Statistics . are baseball-heference.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) David Oshinsky, The Man Who Hired Jackie Robinson . are nytimes.com , New York Times, March 25, 2011. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  a b  ( IN ) 1914 St. Louis Browns – Batting, Pitching, & Fielding Statistics . are baseball-heference.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) Branch Rickey – Statistics: Batting . are fangraphs.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) The History of Ohio Wesleyan Athletics . are bishops.owu.edu , Ohio Wesleyan University. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  a b  ( IN ) Chris Lamb, Catcher\u2019s Tears Were a Likely Inspiration for Rickey . are nytimes.com , New York Times, 14 aprile 2012. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) Allegheny Gators – Hall of Fame . are alleghenygators.com , Allegheny College. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  Lowenfish, op. Cit., PP. 49-50  ^  ( IN ) U of M Baseball . are bentley.umich.edu , Bentley Historical Libray – University of Michigan. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) 1914 American League Team Statistics and Standings . are baseball-heference.com , Baseball-REFORECECE.CO. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) 1915 American League Team Statistics and Standings . are baseball-heference.com , Baseball-REFORECECE.CO. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) Bob Breeg, 100 Greatest Moments in St. Louis Sports , Missouri History Museum, 2000,  p.\u00a016, ISBN\u00a01-883982-31-6.  ^  ( IN ) 1920 National League Team Statistics and Standings . are baseball-heference.com , Baseball-REFORECECE.CO. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) 1921 National League Team Statistics and Standings . are baseball-heference.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) 1922 National League Team Statistics and Standings . are baseball-heference.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) 1923 National League Team Statistics and Standings . are baseball-heference.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) 1924 National League Team Statistics and Standings . are baseball-heference.com , Baseball-REFORECECE.CO. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) Branch Rickey Managerial Record . are baseball-heference.com , Baseball-REFORECECE.CO. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) 1926 World Series (4-3): St. Louis Cardinals (89-65) over New York Yankees (91-63) . are baseball-heference.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) 1930 National League Team Statistics and Standings . are baseball-heference.com . URL consulted on November 19, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) 1931 National League Team Statistics and Standings . are baseball-heference.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) 1934 National League Team Statistics and Standings . are baseball-heference.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) 1931 World Series (4-3): St. Louis Cardinals (101-53) over Philadelphia Athletics (107-45) . are baseball-heference.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) 1934 World Series (4-3): St. Louis Cardinals (95-58) over Detroit Tigers (101-53) . are baseball-heference.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) St. Louis Cardinals Team History & Encyclopedia . are baseball-heference.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) 1942 World Series (4-1): St. Louis Cardinals (106-48) over New York Yankees (103-51) . are baseball-heference.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) Frank Lennon, MLB Hall of Famers: Military Service You May Not Have Known About . are BleacherReport.com , 11 November 2011. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) Steven Travers, Dodgers Past & Present , MVP Books, 2009,  p.\u00a0135, ISBN\u00a00-7603-3527-3.  ^  ( IN ) Alan Roth, 74, Dies; Baseball Statistician . are nytimes.com , New York Times, March 5, 1992. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) Apr 15, 1947:Jackie Robinson breaks color barrier . are History.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012  (archived by URL Original on 14 October 2012) .  ^  ( IN ) Henry Aaron, Jackie Robinson. He thrilled fans, shattered baseball’s color barrier and changed the face of the nation . are time.com , Time, June 14, 1999. URL consulted on November 24, 2012  (archived by URL Original April 26, 2009) .  ^  ( IN ) David Maraniss, The Last Hero . are washingtonpost.com , Washington Post, 2 aprile 2006. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) Roberto Clemente Stats . are baseball- insmanac.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) Branch Rickey Awards . are baseball- insmanac.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) About the Award . are BranchricKeyaward.org . URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  ( IN ) Roll Call of Ohio Wesleyan\u2019s Distinguished Alumni . are About.owu.edu , Ohio Wesleyan University. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  ^  a b c  ( IN ) Branch Rickey (Character) . are IMDB.com . URL consulted on November 24, 2012  (archived by URL Original March 8, 2013) .  ^  ( IN ) Linda Fitzgerald, A Posthumous Win for Baseball Icon Branch Rickey . are Law.umich.edu , Michigan Law School. URL consulted on November 24, 2012 .  Andersen, Donald Ray; Branch Rickey and the St. Louis Cardinal farm system: the growth of an idea , University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1976. Breslin, Jimmy; Branch Rickey: A Life , Penguin Group Incorporated, 2012, ISBN 0143120476. Chalberg, John; Rickey and Robinson: The Preacher, the Player, and America’s Game , Wiley, 2000, ISBN 0882959522. Fountain, Charles; Under the March Sun: The Story of Spring Training , Oxford University Press, 2009, ISBN 0199743703. Frommer, Harvey; Rickey and Robinson: The Men who Broke Baseball’s Color Barrier , Macmillan Publishing Company, 1982, ISBN 0025416804. Golenbock, Peter; The Spirit of St. Louis: A History of the St. Louis Cardinals and Browns , HarperCollins, 2011, ISBN 0062078569. Lowenfish, Lee; Branch Rickey: Baseball’s Ferocious Gentleman , University of Nebraska Press, 2009, ISBN 0803224532. Monteleone, John; Branch Rickey’s Little Blue Book: Wit and Strategy from Baseball’s Last Wise Man , Sport Classic Books, 2004, ISBN 1894963288. O’Toole, Andrew; Branch Rickey in Pittsburgh: Baseball’s Trailblazing General Manager for the Pirates, 1950-1955 , McFarland, 2000, ISBN 0786408391. Polner, Murray; Branch Rickey: A Biography , McFarland, 2007, ISBN 0786426438. Sullivan, they; The Dodgers Move West , Oxford University Press, 1987, ISBN 0195363159. Tygiel, Jules; Baseball’s Great Experiment: Jackie Robinson and His Legacy , Oxford University Press, 1997, ISBN 0195106202.  ( IN ) Branch Rickey . are British encyclopedia Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.  ( IN ) Branch Rickey’s works . are Open Library , Internet Archive.  ( IN ) Branch Rickey . are Mlb.com , MLB Advanced Media.  ( IN ) Branch Rickey . are Espn.com , ESPN Internet Ventures.  ( IN ) Branch Rickey . are baseball-heference.com , Sports Reference LLC.  ( IN ) Branch Rickey . are fangraphs.com , Fangraphs Inc.  ( IN ) Branch Rickey . are The Baseball Cube .  ( IN ) Branch Rickey (Minors), su baseball-heference.com , Sports Reference LLC.  ( IN ) Branch Rickey . are Baseballhall.org , National Baseball Hall of Fame.  ( IN ) Digital Archive of Branch Rickey documents by Ohio Wesleyan University . are rickeyCollection.owu.edu . URL consulted on November 24, 2012  (archived by URL Original March 22, 2013) .      (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/branch-rickey-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Branch Rickey – Wikipedia"}}]}]