[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/catenani-wikipedia-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/catenani-wikipedia-wikipedia\/","headline":"Catenani – Wikipedia Wikipedia","name":"Catenani – Wikipedia Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 from Wikipedia, L’Encilopedia Libera. Crystalline structure of a chain with a macrocycle cyclebis (paraqual p -Fenilene) reported by James","datePublished":"2018-01-27","dateModified":"2018-01-27","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1e\/Catenane_Crystal_Structure_ChemComm_page634_1991_commons.png\/220px-Catenane_Crystal_Structure_ChemComm_page634_1991_commons.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1e\/Catenane_Crystal_Structure_ChemComm_page634_1991_commons.png\/220px-Catenane_Crystal_Structure_ChemComm_page634_1991_commons.png","height":"199","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/catenani-wikipedia-wikipedia\/","wordCount":2147,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4from Wikipedia, L’Encilopedia Libera. Crystalline structure of a chain with a macrocycle cyclebis (paraqual p -Fenilene) reported by James Fraser Stoddart and colleagues in Chem. Commun., 1991, 634 – 639. Schematic animation of the synthesis of [2] chain formed by bipiridinio cyclopopy e for -Fenilene. Crystalline structure of a chain reported by Jean Pierre Sauvage and colleagues in Chem. Commun., 1985, 244-247.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4I chain They are mechanically interconnected molecular architectures consisting of two or more macrocycles connected to interlocking, in order to present a geometry similar to a chain. [first] The cycles cannot be separated without having the breakdown of the covalent bonds. The chains are conceptually related to other mechanically interconnected molecular architectures, such as Rotaxani, molecular nodes or rings of Borromeo Molecular. The term “mechanical bond” was introduced to describe the type of bond that between the macrocycles of a chain. There are two main approaches to the organic synthesis of the chain. The first simply consists in creating a cycling reaction with the hope that some cycles will form around other cycles producing the desired chain. This so -called “statistical approach” led to the first synthesis of a chain; However, the method is highly inefficient, requesting high dilution of the cycle that must close and a great excess of the preformed cycle, and is rarely used. The second approach is based on the supramolecular pre -organization of the macrocyclic precursors using hydrogen bonds, coordination with a transition metal, hydrophobic forces, or Coulombian interactions. These non -covalent interactions compensate for part of the entropic cost of the association between cycles and facilitate the positioning of the reagents so as to form the desired chain. This “directed by template” approach, together with the use of high pressure conditions, can provide yields of over 90%. An example of this approach takes advantage of the bishopidinium salts, which form stable complexes that slip through the crown bis (para-fenilene) -34-crown-10. Sanders has shown that dynamic combination approaches using reversible chemical reactions can be particularly effective in the preparation of new unpredictable structure chains. [2]        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4A particularly interesting property of many chains is the ability of cycles to rotate compared to each other. This motion can often be revealed and measured through NMR spectroscopy, together with other methods. When there are reasons for molecular recognition in the chain (usually the reasons exploited for its synthesis), the chain can have one or more thermodynamically preferred positions of the cycles compared to each other. In the event that a reconnaissance site is a modifiable part, in this case a molecular switch is obtained. When a chain is summarized through coordination of macrocycles around a metal ion, the removal and reintegration of the metal ion is able to allow or prevent the free rotation of the cycles (on\/off). Radox groups (e.g. Viologian and tetrathiaophulvhal), photisomerizable groups (e.g. azobenzene), fluorescent groups and chiral groups have been synthesized that incorporate many functional units. Some of these units have been used to create molecular switches as described above, as well as for the manufacture of molecular electronics devices and molecular sensors. There are a number of distinct methods to keep the precursors united before the final cycling reaction in a synthesis of the chain directed by templates. Each approach not covalent to the formation of the chain produces different families of chains. Another family of chains is that of Pretzelani or [2] Ponte chains, resembling the pretzel with a bridge connection between the macrocycles. [3] In one of these systems, a macrocycle is represented by a whiskidinidinium lacking in electrons while the other macro-macrocycle is represented by a cycling formed by parafenilene or naphints. The diffraction of the X-rays shows that the cycle registry aromatic group is kept firmly within the pyridinium cycle due to \u03c0-fries interactions. There is a limited number of conforms, which quickly interconvert, for this type of compound.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4In hand -shaped chain, [4] , two connected cycles are crossed by a single third cycle. The bis-macrocycle (shown in the photo at the bottom of red) contains two phenyantrolin units inside a crown ether chain. The interconnected ring to the other two is self-assembled when two or more pheanthrolol units replaced with alcheni coordinate through a copper complex (i) and subsequently cyclical following metatians. Catenani the form of handles In the nomenclature of the chain, the number of cycles involved in the formation of the compound is indicated by a number in square brackets preceding the word “chain”. [5] A number of chains have been synthesized and isolated, until they reach a [7] chain. ^  ( IN ) IUPAC Gold Book, “catenanes (catena compounds)”  ^  Science , 2005, 308 , 667; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 2009, 106 , 10466  ^  Dynamic Chirality in Donor-Acceptor Pretzelanes Y. Liu, S. A. Vignon, X. Zhang, P. A. Bonvallet, S. I. Khan, K. N. Houk, and J. F. Stoddart; J. Org. Chem.; 2005 ; 70(23) pp 9334 – 9344; Two: 10.1021\/Jo051430G  ^  A catenane consisting of a large ring threaded through both cyclic units of a handcuff-like compound Julien Frey, Tom\u00e1 Kraus, Val\u00e9rie Heitz and Jean-Pierre Sauvage Chemical Communications, 2005 , (42), 5310 – 5312 Abstract  detailed molecular structure  ^  Nomenclature for Catenanes, Rotaxanes, Molecular Knots, and Assemblies Derived from These Structural Elements. O. Safarowsky, B. Windisch, A. Mohry, F. V\u00f6gtle. J. practitioner. Chem., 342: 5 , 437-444, 2000. Two: 10.1002\/1521-3897 (200006) 342: 5  3.0.co; 2-7   Chemistry portal : the portal of the science of composition, properties and transformations of the matter       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/catenani-wikipedia-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Catenani – Wikipedia Wikipedia"}}]}]