Cercopidae – Wikipedia

I Cercopidi ( Cercopidae Leach, 1815 ) I am a cosmopolitan family of insects belonging to the order of homotter challenges and the superfamily of the rimpoid. They constitute the largest and most representative grouping of the surface.

The cupopids are morphologically similar to the aphrophoridae, from which they differ, in general, in the most conspicuous livery and for the conformation of the head and the pronoto and for the ethology of the youth stadiums. The profile of the body is ovoid and compact, 5 to long 20 mm . The very variable color livery, often with showy colors in contrast, from black and red to grayish to bright yellow and black.

The boss is metatored and wide, but unlike the clearly closer aphoridae than the protorace. The forehead is prominent and hungry transversely with eyes arranged at the lateral ends, globular in shape; The outline of the eyes is circular, unlike the Aphrophoridae, in which it is instead elliptical. The ocelli are in number of two, located in the summit. The antennas are short and filiform, inserted in the area between the eyes and the forehead.

The chest has a pronoto with a convex side profile, overlying the head in height. At the dorsal view, the front margin is almost rectilinear and remains retracted with respect to the position of the eyes; The rear margin is convex and has a large or trapezoidal U -shaped profile. The mesonoto is smaller and only the scutello is visible, the shorter and closer of the pronoto and triangular in shape.

The front wings are sclerified and transformed, therefore, into a tag. They are divided by a suture in an internal or rear region, called nail , and a more external and wider, called leather . In the position of Riposto they fall back to the pitched roof on the abdomen, contrasting the Clavi, separated from the scutello. The rear legs are skipped, with short coxe and triarticolated tarsi. The tibies are adorned with one or two teeth on the external side and by a marked dilation to the apex, ending with a crown of thorns.

The abdomen is acute, equipped with an ovopositor in the females, shorter than the pan and completely covered by them when they are folded.

The cupopids are distributed in all zogeographic regions of the earth and are often very common. However, the greater number of species focuses in tropical and subtropical regions.

Adults are skilled jumpers to the point of obtaining from Anglo -Saxon the common name of froghopper (“jumpy frog”). They live on shrubs, trees and herbaceous vegetation, generally manifesting a tendency to polyphagia. The eggs are laid in the ground. The neanids, as soon as they go out, carry under the surface of the ground and settled on the roots of the plants, leading the entire development cycle.

Characteristic of the youth stadiums, common to most of the rimopoids, is the production of a foam, stable and whitish, which envelops its body. This is produced by insufficient with appropriate movements of the abdomen the liquid excrements, air fragncies, in a ventral shower of the abdomen formed by the lateral urotergiti starter. This behavior explains the common name of spitting attributed to the specimens of this family. In reality, the neanids and nymphs of the cups are not easily visible, living under the surface of the ground; The common name therefore refers, in the strict sense, to the youth stadiums of the Aphrophoridae (“real spitacchies”), which instead lead outdoor life and of which the spinning masses that smear the stems and leaves of the plants are easily visible. Given the behavioral analogy, the term of spitting It is however extended, meaning summer , to the generality of the rimopoids.

Despite being very common, the cupopids do not represent a specific phytosanitary emergency in ordinarity, however in the case of proliferations they can prove harmful to different herbaceous crops, including sugar cane, fodder plants and vegetables ^[first] . Furthermore, the adults of the rims are among the occasional carriers of the Xylella annoying , etiological agent of bacteriosis known as Pierce’s disease, which affects the vine in particular ^[2] .

The family includes about 1350 species divided between 142 genres ^[3] . Some authors adopt an alternative taxonomic scheme, on the basis of phylogenetic and morphological affinities, which includes in the Cercopidae family meaning summer , even the aphrophoridae, and dividing it into the two subfamilles of the Ceropinae and the Aphorinee ^[4] .

Few species are represented in Europe, belonging to three different genres ^[5] :

Very common species are the Cercopis , with species Sanguinoolent fence , Cercopis wounded It is Arcuata Cercopis , commonly called “Rossoneri Ciclette” for the characteristic livery, and the Hematoloma dorsata , occasionally harmful to the conifers, also characterized by a red and black livery.

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