[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/climategate-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/climategate-wikipedia\/","headline":"Climategate – Wikipedia","name":"Climategate – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 Climategate It is the denomination assigned by media at the controversy on the hacked e-mails of the Climate Research","datePublished":"2019-11-28","dateModified":"2019-11-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":100,"height":100},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/climategate-wikipedia\/","wordCount":1700,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4Climategate It is the denomination assigned by media at the controversy on the hacked e-mails of the Climate Research Unit , and began in November 2009 with illegal publication [first] of Documents of the Climatic Research Unit (CRA) of the University of Eastern Anglia, in Norwich, in the United Kingdom and refers to alleged manipulations of data, impactness and violations of the British law on the freedom of information ( Freedom of Information Act ) and access to the data of public bodies, committed by some researchers to attribute greater weight to human activities in current climate change.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Table of ContentsChronology [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The controversy [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The investigations [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Conclusions of relations [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Chronology [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The story dates back to the theft from server Used by the CRA of 160 MB of data [2] . On November 17, a month before the world top of climate change in Copenhagen, a hacker tried to upload them to the server of the Real Climate site [3] , on November 19 were loaded on a server of Tomsk, Russia, before being copied on various websites. They contained 1,073 mails, 3,587 documents, raw data and source of the SEA of RE REGUARIES and their correspondents [4] , some of which were among the authors of the relationships of the intergovernmental group on climate change (IPCC). According to a count of the Guardian [5] , about a thousand of the emails have been sent or received by three members of the Cru, its director Phil Jones, the dendrocronologist Keith brown and the researcher Tim Osborn, specialized in climatic models, and by Mike Hulme, the director of the Tyndall Center for Climate Change Research. The contents mainly concern discussions on data or the preparation of articles and interventions at conferences, therefore the hacker would have filtered them using keywords such as “Trees Rings” and “Phil Jones”, terms that also recur in documents. Following the controversies, the most cited researchers received emails of insults and death threats [6] [7] .        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The controversy [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] Controversy by blogs and others media Contrary to the limits of greenhouse gas emissions to reduce the risks of climate change concerned few emails. More often, these were phrases extracted from their context, for example the affirmation of Kevin Trenberth “the fact is that we are unable to account for the failure to heating at the moment. Not succeeding is a farce \u00bb, [8] relating to a discussion on the need for better monitoring of energy flows in short -term climatic variability. [9] Many commentators, including the former Governor of Alaska Sarah Palin, mentioned the phrase “… I just completed Mike’s make -up on Nature as evidence of a falsification of temperatures … to hide the decline”, from one Mail of 1999 in which Phil Jones spoke of a graph for the cover of a report of the world meteorological organization. The “trick” referred to the published method [ten] The year before by Michael E. Mann in the magazine Nature , in which the trend of temperatures deductible from the conformation of the rings in the trunk of some Siberian trees, which shows a drop in previous twenty years not corresponding to the measured temperatures, was replaced with the latter. In both cases they are well -known problems and treated in published scientific articles. Always Phil Jones and his correspondents had been accused by David Douglass and John Christy of having “conspired” [11] With the editor of a magazine to block for almost a year, up to the autumn of 2008, the publication of their article on the discrepancy between the temperature recorded on the ground, and provided by the models, and the lower one recorded in the low troposphere in the tropics [twelfth] . In this way, Jones and his colleagues would have denied the results, publishing their own [13] In the same magazine together with the article by Douglass and Christy. However the latter had been anticipated on line by the magazine in November 2007 and had already been criticized for the numerous errors [14] . In the same way, phrases of Phil Jones as “rather redefine peer-review” to prevent the publication of research in his opinion poor, and threats to omit them in the IPCC relationships, are obviously depreciable, but have proved without following: those Research were then published and mentioned by relationships. The investigations [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] At the end of November 2009 the Norfolk police confirmed that he was “investigating crimes in relation to a data theft at the University of East Anglia” [15] Together with a unit specialized in computer crime of the Metropolitan Police, the Information Commissioner’s Office and the National Domestic Extremism Team warning that the investigation would take a long time.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4In Great Britain, there were three investigations on the behavior of the scientists of the Cru. Phil Jones self -sespese during the commissions and once recognized innocent was appointed director of the research, that is, without administrative responsibilities. The conclusions of the investigations were that the Cru had not committed fraud or other scientific dishonesty and shared data and methods as per normal scientific practice. However, he seemed to have a “culture of secrecy” and that could not count on the help from the university administration in citing the requests for data that came more and more numerous from strangers to the academic world. Conclusions of relations [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] On March 31, 2010, the report of the Committee for Science and Technology of the Chamber of Municipalities concluded that “… the scientific reputation of Professor Phil Jones and of the Cru was intact” [16] And he hoped that the accident led to better relations between the scientific community and the general public. On April 12, the Committee for the evaluation of the science chaired by Lord Oxburgh, requested by the University of East Anglia and selected by the Royal Society, praised the scientific work of the Cru and noted that although some of his statistical methods may not have been the More suitable, it was unlikely that better methods produced significant differences. [17] The report of the third commission [18] , also wanted by EUA and manned by Sir Russell Muir, he underlined that “… there were no doubts about the rigor and honesty” of the scientists of the cru, but that together with the university “… they did not have The appropriate level of transparency is demonstrated “and that” … some emails could have been deleted to make them unavailable if a further request had been submitted to their regard “. The attitude from “besieged community” that makes decisions “in the retrobottega”, wrote the weekly The Economist , did not benefit the image of climate research [19] . On the respect or not of the Law on Freedom of Information, the report of the Russell Muir Commission concluded that the responsibility fell more on the university administration than on the cru. In fact, the Information Commissioner’s Office identified a violation by the University, [20] Not sanctionable since the complaint had come after the six -month term provided for by the law. In the report it was specified that in any case “… the authority to give in to third parties unpublished raw data was of those who had collected them”; Neither the university nor the Cru could freely have the data of the temperatures collected by meteorological offices in Great Britain and abroad. In the United States, an investigation by the Pennsylvania State University liquidated the accusations made to Michael Mann as “without substance” [21] . In Italy the controversy was fueled by blogs that deny the influence of human climate activities. Eracked from the national press, he passed away after a few months. [22] Instead, she returned to the United States, after the elections of 2 November 2010. In the Chamber, the Republican Fred Upton announced hearings on Climategate [23] And the republican senator Ralph Hall, who is responsible for presiding over the commission for science and technology, which will exercise a “… close supervision on the integrity of climate scientists”. [24]       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4"},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/climategate-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Climategate – Wikipedia"}}]}]