Engadina – Wikipedia

L’ Engadine (in Romancio Engiadina , in German Engadine , became. “Valle degli Eniati”) is a mountain valley in the canton of grays, in Switzerland. One of the highest inhabited valleys in Europe is just over 90 km long, which become 100 km following the main road, that is, the main road 3 from the Maloja pass to Silvaplana and the main road 27 from Silvaplana to the border with the Austria. It traces the Swiss part of the River Inn’s route and is divided into two very distinct parts of each other (upper and low Engadine), which are separated from the Punt’Ota (Romano for Ponte Alto, immediately located upstream of the village of Brail, a hamlet of Zernez).

High Engadine [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

The Alta Engadine is characterized by a large flat area, where there are four lakes: the lakes of Sils, Silvaplana, Champfer and Sankt Moritz. Around this plain dense forests of Cembri and Larici develop, while the presence of glaciers is relevant on the surrounding mountains. This part of the engadine is between 1,600 and 1,800 meters above sea level.

The Alta Engadina is connected to the Val Bregaglia through the Maloja pass and the Val Poschiavo from the Bernina pass. The municipalities of the Alta Engadine are, starting from the west: Sils IM Engadin/Segl, Silvaplana, Sankt Moritz, Celerina/Schlarigna, Pontresina, Samedan, Bever, the Punt Chamues-Ch, Madulain, Zuoz and S-chanf.

Bassa Engadina [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

The lower Engadine is morphologically very different from the upper one: it has a far more steep slope (between 1,610 and 1,019 meters), and it is much closer, since the Inn has carved out the deep gorges in the rocks over the centuries. This stretch of valley ends on the border with Austria. In the lower Engadine there are the Municipalities of Zernez, Scuol, Valsot and Samnaun.

Orography [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

From an orographic point of view, the Valley is held in the western retic alps, separating various subsections. In particular, starting from the upper valley, it separates the Bernina Alps (south-east) from the Albula Alps (north-west); Then separate the Alps of Livigno (to the south-east) from the Albula Alps (to the north-west); After in the lower valley it separates the Alps of the Val Müstair (to the south) from the Silvretta, Samnaun and Verwall Alps (to the north).

In 15 BC The Engadine was incorporated into the Roman Empire as part of the province of Rezia because Rome needed the steps for the Germany Magna . The findings along the Roman roads testify to their importance, and the Rezia benefited from the Roman expansion of the connection roads until the early Middle Ages. After the end of the Roman Empire, the Engadine and Rezia became part of the Ostrogoth kingdom, going to the Franks in 536. From the seventh century, the secular and spiritual domain was in the hands of the noble Casa degli Zacconi, also known as i Vittoridi.

The High Engadine was governed by his own count. In 1139 Count Dedalrico sold its territory to the bishop of Coira. In the lower Engadine, however, struggles were frequent among the local lords for the possession of that part of the valley.

During the sacred slaughter, as part of the War of Valtellina, the Engadine was devastated by the Austrians, who in 1622 occupied the valley. The following year the Engadine managed to get rid of and return to the Grisons; The last fiefdom remained at the empire was Tarasp, which passed to the canton in 1803. In 1727 following agreements with Austria, the Swiss Confederation ceded the right of transit of the Austrian and Imperial Troops in the valley in order to access Italian domains of Lombardy. This agreement remained in force until 1803.

The entire Ingadine area is covered with woods: in the northern part there are pine trees up to a share of 1,800 meters, while in the south there is the presence of larch woods up to 2,100 meters of altitude. The typically alpine flora variety is also particularly numerous.

In the Egadine woods live animals such as deer and roe deer, in the mountain areas there are chamois and ibexes, while the skies of the side valleys are populated by eagles and vultures. The soil of the engadine is rich in minerals such as zinc, lead and copper.

On 1 August 1914 the Swiss National Park was inaugurated; This park, having the surface of 172.4 square kilometers, extends into the municipalities of Zernez, S-chanf, Scol, Valchava and Lavin.

The Egadineian economy is mainly based on tourism; It all began in the nineteenth century, when a thermal source was discovered in Sankt Moritz and, consequently, a thermal establishment was built in 1831. Subsequently, winter tourism also began, also favored by the construction of the first funiculars and the ski lifts that allow you to reach the snowy slopes; The first funicular entered into operation was that of Muottas Muragl, between Celerina/Schlarigna and Pontresina, inaugurated on August 9, 1907.

Roads [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

In Engadine there is a single road (main road 3 up to Silvaplana, then main road 27) which crosses the whole valley from Maloja (and consequently from the Italian border of Castasegna, in Val Bregaglia) to the Austrian border after Martina, fraction of Valsot. Other important roads of the valley are:

Railway [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

All the railways that cross the Engadine are reduced and managed by the Rhaetian railway. The most important station of the valley is that of St. Moritz, terminus of the Albula and Bernina lines; Then there is the Engadine railway, which crosses the entire central part of the valley, parallel to the road.

In 1999 the Galleria della Vereina was inaugurated, which with its 19,042 meters in length is the longest railway gallery with reduced gauge in the world. This tunnel, which connects Lavin and Susch stations to that of Klosters, is very important for the economy of the valley: in fact it connects the Engadine to the Prettigovia and the Rhine Valley and is also open in the winter months, when the Alpine steps who communicate the valley with the rest of the Swiss territory are closed for snowfalls.

Languages [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ]

The main language in Lower Engadine and part of the upper Engadine is the Romancio.
In Alta Engadina the Alto Egadinese dialect is spoken ( Ladin put ) and in Lower Engadina the lower Engadinese ( Ladin Vallader ), two romantic dialects. The “Ladin” Hummail is not to be confused with the Dolomite Ladin, spoken in northern Italy. Due to the strong growth, in the twentieth century, of tourism and the consequent economic growth, the Engadine was the place of immigration of people who do not know the Romanic language. For this reason, together with the Roman, in this region also the German Swiss is a widespread dialect, to the point that, in some parts of the upper Engadine, Romancio even risks disappearing (see St. Moritz and Region). In Bassa Engadina, Romancio is less threatened, but a clear trend in the same direction is decidedly recognizable also in this region.

In the Maloja pass, in the municipality of Bregaglia, the Italian and the Bregagliotto dialect are spoken, which is the local variant of the Lombard language very influenced by Romancio.

• Official site . are Engadin.stmoritz.ch .
• ( IT , OF , FR ) Engadine . are HLS-DHS-DSS , Historical dictionary of Switzerland.
• ( IN ) Engadine . are British encyclopedia Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc.
• Site with more than 40 webcams in Engadina . are piz.ch .
• Engadin Electronic Photo Picture Page – photographs of the Engadine . are zisler.net .
• Summer and winter photos of the Engadine . are ueila.ch .
• Photos of the Engadine . are myengadin.com .