[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/fiat-campagnola-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/fiat-campagnola-wikipedia\/","headline":"FIAT Campagnola – Wikipedia","name":"FIAT Campagnola – Wikipedia","description":"before-content-x4 The Fiat Campagnola It is an off -road vehicle, produced by the Fiat car manufacturer, in civil versions 1101\/1102","datePublished":"2017-09-26","dateModified":"2017-09-26","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/it\/thumb\/a\/ad\/Fiat_Campagnola_1951.JPG\/220px-Fiat_Campagnola_1951.JPG","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/it\/thumb\/a\/ad\/Fiat_Campagnola_1951.JPG\/220px-Fiat_Campagnola_1951.JPG","height":"235","width":"220"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki42\/fiat-campagnola-wikipedia\/","wordCount":3870,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4The Fiat Campagnola It is an off -road vehicle, produced by the Fiat car manufacturer, in civil versions 1101\/1102 Campagnola , 1107a New Campagnola , and in military versions AR5X and AR76A Dal 1951 Al 1987. Campagnola 1101, exhibited at the Levante Fair of Bari (September 1951).        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4At the beginning of the 1950s, the Ministry of Defense called a competition notice for the supply of a light off -road vehicle, to replace the tireless jeeps inherited from the allies, now worn and increasingly difficult to maintain efficient. In fact, for some time now Fiat in great secret had begun the study, under the direction of the engineer Giacosa, of a four -wheel drive vehicle, inspired by the American off -road vehicle, behind suggestion of the same ministry. The name of the “1101” project called “Alpina” was subsequently changed to “Campagnola” in order not to emphasize its military use, as the word Alpina The homonymous army department recalled too much and such a vehicle risked not finding consensus in Fiat workers and public opinion; The war was over only a few years earlier and the memory was still too strong. The publication of the announcement replied the Fiat and Alfa Romeo, respectively with the models 1101 (Campagnola) It is 1900 m (military) . The Turin off -road vehicle on the date of publication of the announcement was already in an advanced state of construction and had already accumulated hundreds of hours of testing, while the Alfa Romeo had to recover the time with a considerable design effort, managing in a few months to create a valid means , using a Land Rover, which has recently entered production, as a starting point for its prototype.The race was won by Fiat, even if during the demonstration tests, the Alfa Romeo 1900 m (nicknamed ” mad ” for its ability to go everywhere) proved to be in some cases higher. To the advantage of the Campagnola, the cost of the Alfa Romeo prototype and the constructive ease of the Prototype.        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4To prepare the field to the new military vehicle, a little winner of the supply, Fiat created an imposing advertising campaign, aimed at making the first Italian off -road vehicle known to public opinion, trying to highlight its rural abilities as much as possible, stimulating The most populous clientele band in that period, that of farmers. The opportunity to officially present the new machine was the Fair of the Levant of Bari in 1951, a choice due to the fact that it is a manifestly dedicated to the agricultural sector. Immediately afterwards the first deliveries of the military version began, officially baptized AR51 (model of reconnaissance model 1951). The two cars were mechanically identical and differ exclusively in the different setting of the bodywork, more Spartan in the military version, slightly more finished in the civil version. Campagnola 1101 immediately proved to be a good vehicle, equipped with a robust steel frame with long-haired, on which a tested engine (type 105) of 1901 cm\u00b3 was mounted, derived from the model installed on the sedan 1400-1900, but weakened to be able to be able to Fun also with normal petrol and at the same time to improve its reliability. For this purpose, a generous oil radiator was also added to improve their cooling at low speeds. The rear suspensions were classic in crossbow and rigid bridge, while the front of the sophisticated independent suspension, innovative for the time but unfortunately the weak point of these cars were foreseen. The engine was coupled with a 4 -speed gearbox together with an unprecedented two -speed reducer. The transmission was on the rear wheels with the possibility of grafting the front traction, only after having inserted the reduced gears; In practice it was not possible to travel with all all -wheel drive. To increase the popularity of its off-road vehicle, Fiat prepared two particular specimens of Campagnola, conceived to beat the speed record of a very popular raid at the time the algiers-city of the head. The pilot Paolo Butti and his team on the return journey took 11 days, 4 hours and 54 minutes, establishing a record still unbeaten (also due to today’s socio -political instability in Central Africa). The deeds of the lucky Raid did not however have the expected effect on the popularity of the countryside, mainly for the high purchase cost of the vehicle, comparable to that of a luxurious sedan of the time (it cost over two 500c Mickey Mouse) and also for the excessive Consumption of the petrol engine, such as to make it economically not convenient. To bring the public closer to the Turin off -road vehicle, in 1953 a new version of the Camagnola made its own, powered by a diesel engine, called “1102” Diesel . The 305 type of diesel engine mounted on this car derived from the petrol model, simply obtained by replacing the head and other smaller details. In this way with little effort, the Fiat created an honest engine which however did not shine in power, in fact paid just 40hp. To remedy the modest performance offered by the engine 305,007, shorter gearbox reports were adopted and a ratio of the 8\/37 bridge (instead of 9\/40 of the petrol models).        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4The diesel version even if clearly undergoing, it turned out to be a success; The diesel engine allowed to travel on average 15 km\/l, more than double the petrol sister, and the almost 90 km\/h of maximum speed, however they allowed her discreet mobility on paved roads. The electrical system had a 24V voltage with two series batteries. The technical updates introduced with the new Campagnola Diesel, were also reported on both petrol (civil and military) models. The most important were, the front -wheel drive separated from the reduced gears, the adoption of new bodywork sheets, with the classic reinforcement bosses, as well as improvements in mechanics and electrical system. In AR 51 the rear wooden backs also appear and a new lighting system with attenuated lights and separate headlights with non -removable key. In 1955 a new important update took place in the range, in fact the new AR55, Campagnola 1101a and 1102a diesel appeared, all substantially with updates in the engine. In 1958 with the entry into force of the new highway code, it was necessary to change the lighting system of all the models in production; Fiat on this occasion, also updated the bodywork, also introducing a new redesigned light light for civil versions. Always that year a new military model came into production to replace the AR55 called AR51B. The name of this version has confused for years, specialists in the sector, erroneously defining it as an AR51 update, while in fact not only was a completely different model, which remained in production less than a year, but equipped with many unpublished technical solutions, such as the 24 Volt electrical system, the predisposition for the aviolancio, the internal heater for the passenger compartment and a new 105b. 017 type engine. These characteristics will be reported in the subsequent and last evolution of the military version which will gradually enter into production. In 1959, in fact, the AR59 appears, officially called 1101b.200, equipped with an unpublished immerous electrical system equipped with anti -resisturby filters, sparkling, dynamo, and tin charge regulator; Subsequently, they will also be equipped with a special set of Fanaleria Stagno produced by Carello, with which the previous versions will also be updated still on duty. Like the previous AR51B, it maintained the 24 Volt electrical system with two series batteries under the passenger seat. From this model, some specific undergrounds were also developed, the B202 Aviolanciabile, equipped with a special support applied to the front bumper for the hooking of the launching ropes and reinforced front suspensions and the 206 Cannoniera, prepared with a dedicated kit, for housing in the Rear cassone of the cannon without 106 mm recoil, comprising special supports to be mounted on the windshield frame and on the engine hood, to block the barrel during the movements and rear -pre -finished rear backs. In 1960 the new Campagnola B Diesel (1102b) appeared equipped with an evolution of the usual diesel engine, called type 305d.007, plus other slight updates to the linear injection pump and the electrical system. In 1961 a model made specifically made for the body of the P.S. (today’s State Police) called AR55PS, a hybrid between a Civil Campaagnola and a military Ar59. The standard set -up included some particular solutions, such as special “safety” tires on a rigid shoulder, anti -tone rims that allowed to travel even with dried tires and breathless breathless siren or sound. Right side The AR55PS were protagonists in the difficult years of the political disputes that won the Italian cities at the end of the 1960s with the quick departments, in Sardinia, to counter the phenomenon of banditry by the famous Baschi Blu, but were also present during the operations of Rescue to the populations affected by the flood of Florence in ’66, in the catastrophe of the Vajont dam, in Irpinia after the devastating earthquakes. In 1969 there was the latest evolution of the Campagnola, with the new C diesel (1102c), equipped with an unprecedented 237.007 engine derived from the one mounted on the 241TN van; Other improvements concerned the new lighthouseless lighthouses mask for the crank. These changes were also applied at the same time to the military version and the Campagnola petrol; An efficient alternator always 24V was also adopted instead of Dinamo. The assembly line will definitively close in August 1973, after over 22 years of uninterrupted production and a total of over 33,000 cars produced by petrol (civil and military) and about 8,500 diesel cars. During his long life he has been adapted and built in numerous specialized versions, especially for civil and military services (snowplow, with photo electric lights, also called “Pornonata”, Tool Carro, Ambulance, Fire Brigade), which in some cases provided for the variation of the abroad and\/or the rear change. Some bodies of the time (e.g. Savio and Boneschi) used the frame of the Campagnola to set up their own versions (among these the best known is the most elongated hard top version of the Savio of Turin; also to report the one made for Rai), also produced in discrete quantities. The settings of the Isoli di Fontaniva (Pd) in the tank version, highly appreciated at the time and still used are also known. Year Version Setting Motor Note 1951\/55 Military AR51 105.007  1955\/58 Military AR55 105A.007\/105B.007 Military 1961\/71 Military AR55PS 105B.055 B192, B220, B492 underground (ignition with button) 1958 Military AR51B (first version) 105B.007  1958\/59 Military AR51B (final version) 105B.017  1959\/73 Military AR59 105B.017 B200, B202, B206 underground (Torpedo, Aviolancio and Cannoniera) 1951\/55 Civil (petrol power supply) Campagnola 1101 105.007  1955\/73 Civil (petrol power supply) Campaagola at 1101a 105A.007\/105B.007 Updated in 1958 1953\/55 Civil (diesel nutrition) Campagnola Diesel 1102 305.007  1955\/59 Civil (diesel nutrition) Campagnola diesel at 1102a 305B.007 Updated in 1958 1960\/68 Civil (diesel nutrition) Campagnola Diesel B 1102b 305D.007  1969\/73 Civil (diesel nutrition) CAMPAGNOLA DIESEL C 1102C 237A.053 (linear pump), 237a,007 (rotary pump)  Technical data [ change | Modifica Wikitesto ] The Campagnola is 3,775 m long, 1,600 m wide and 1,945 m high. The wheelbase of the wheels is 1,365 m for a step of 2,300 m. The minimum height from the ground is 0.27 m. The Campagnola Diesel first series. It was initially equipped with a 1900 cm\u00b3 FIAT 4 -cylinder petrol engine (105,007) which developed 48 HP, flanked starting from 1953 by a diesel engine only 40 HP. at 3200 rpm (305,007). In 1955 a new 45kw petrol engine and a 31.5 kW diesel were mounted.The petrol versions exceeded 110 km\/h, while diesel engines could reach only 88 km\/h. In 1955 the new AR55 version was introduced and at the same time the Campagnola 1101A with 105A,007 engine and the Campagnola 1102a diesel. In 1960 the 1102b diesel with 305D.007 engine came into production (the same as the van 615n1).In 1969 the last update took place with the introduction of the 1102c diesel with the new 237a,007 engine already mounted on the 241tn van. The AR59 version produced from 1959 mounted the 105B.017 engine with an electrical system immergible at 24V, so as to favor its use even in extreme situations. The 1900 cc engine was a 4 -cylinder petrol powered by a Solex 32 BIC carburettor then Solex 32×30 CBI with inverted suction with oil bath filter. The power went from the initial 53 HP to 64 HP of the final versions. The diesel engine derived directly from the petrol block (replacing the head with a turbulence chamber like Ricardo Comet); It initially developed 40 HP then arrived in the latest 48 HP version. It was also produced under license in the former Yugoslavia Dal Zastava with the abbreviation AR55\/V in various versions also with a metal roof and with an elongated rear overhang. In December 1951, two Campagnola Fiat set up by the Special Fiat settings section and bodywork from the Savio in long version HT, led by Paolo Butti and Domenico Racca, carried out the Algiers-city crossing of the return garment in 11 days 4 hours and 54 minutes , by establishing a world record still never equal [first] . The new Camagnola in a military AR76 version renewed Presented at the 1974 Belgrade show in the civil version, the Fiat 1107a Nuova Campagnola was produced until 1987. The military version was called AR76A (4 -speed gearbox), and updated in different details in 1979, with the model “AR76A\/II (5 -speed gearbox). The new Campagnola was a pure off -road vehicle, of entirely new conception compared to the previous model: he had the bearing body instead of the classic separate frame, he had 2 “double C” flourts with directly welded traverse to the body, the rear -wheel drive with the front incapable, reducer with a very short ratio (3.87: 1), independent suspensions (which allowed a considerable light from the ground) to twisting bars on all four wheels (rear with double shock absorber), and self -locking differentials both at the rear and all front (optional on the Campagnola, as standard on AR) Fiat \u201cNuova Campagnola\u201d 1107a\/II, left with petrol engine, on the right the 1107AD version with diesel engine. Note the highest hood of the diesel. In the civil version, the petrol engine was a 2.0 -liter derived from the Fiat 131 and 132 sedans, suitably simplified and weakened with a maximum power of 80 HP at 4500 rpm and maximum torque of 150.92 Nm (15.4 kgm) At 2800 rpm, subsequently (starting from 1978)) the classic distribution belt with a more reliable chain was replaced. . In 1979 some changes were introduced to the shell that was strengthened and unified in view of the new diesel engine made by Sofim, with 2445 cm\u00b3 displacement, maximum power of 72 HP (52.9 kW) at 4200 rpm and maximum torque and torque of 147.1 n \u00b7 m (15 kgm) at 2400 rpm\/minute. Some changes to the suspension set -up led to the reduction of the wheels of the wheels to solve problems of wear of cruises and wheels. Also in 1979 the 4 -speed gearbox of the petrol engine was replaced with a new 5 -speed version that slightly reduced consumption. The brakes are still druming on the 4 wheels, a detail that has been the subject of criticism as the in front records were now commonly used on all motor vehicles .. The petrol version can reach a maximum speed greater than 120 km\/hour (115 km\/h La Diesel); The military version called AR76A equipped with the origin of a 24V tin electrical system (coil, sparkling, candles, alternator and fuse box) has a 70 cm Max cm in cm (without snorkels). The minimum height from the ground detected in the center of the wheels is 33 cm, while the “full load” one is equal to 27.5 cm, the front attack angle is 45 \u00b0, the exit angle is 46 \u00b0, the corner of Dosso is 35 \u00b0, the maximum slope that can be overcome is over 150% (56 \u00b0 inclination angle), the maximum lateral inclination is 45 \u00b0 and the particular configuration of the “bottom” completely free From obstacles it allows you to easily overcome obstacles such as mud, snow, sand and boulders. It was built in an ambulance version also with a step stretched by Savio and Boneschi. Some prototypes are known in the Pick Up version and a special 5 -door version. The Italian army also had a special long HT version called “Telettra”, intended for communications and control officers, thanks to its installed radio equipment. The electrical system was 12 volts for civil versions and 24 volts for the AR76 version. Renault in 1976 built about twenty specimens of the new Campagnola with the Renault Type 829 engine in collaboration with Fiat. Renault TRM 500 , born to win the supply of a reconnaissance vehicle for the French army, which however chose the Peugeot P4, an off -road vehicle built under license derived from the Mercedes class G Wolf.The new Campagnola was also exported to the former Yugoslavia with the abbreviation 1107 JD in collaboration with Zastava, which subsequently also developed a version with a rigid roof for mobile radio use. At the production exit, Fiat left the model without heirs. [2] The Fiat group has only put the spiritual heir of Campagnola on the market: the Iveco Massif.At the beginning of 2008, the Fiat group made it known that the name Campagnola It will be used for marketing in some markets of a special series of 150 specimens called “Campagnola” of the Iveco Massif [first] . This special version is painted in Salvia green and numbered laterally by means of a frieze. On the radiator’s mask instead of the writing Massif there is the saying campagnola. John Paul II aboard the Campagnola in St. Peter’s Square. The Campagnola owes much of its notoriety to the fact that she has been for twenty -seven years, from 1980 to 2007, one of the most used cars such as pubmobile , first by Pope John Paul II and then by Pope Benedict XVI. Donated by Fiat to the Pope during his visit to Turin. In particular, Pope Wojty\u0142a was right aboard the Campagnola when he suffered the attack of 13 May 1981.       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