Francomento (linguistic) – Wikipedia

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In historical linguistics, the break O landscape O vocal fracture [first] It is the change of a monottongo in a diphthong or trittongo. The change in a diphthong is also known as diphthongation . The vocal fracture is often distinguished from the diphthongation and defined more strictly as a harmonious process (i.e. assimilatory) which involves the diphthongation caused by the subsequent vowel or consonant. The pure vocal originally originally breaks into two segments, where the first is accompanied by the original vowel and the latter harmonizes with the nature of the vowel or consonant “triggering”. For example, the second segment can be / u / (a ​​rear vowel) if the following vowel or consonant is rear (e.g. veil or pharyngeal), and the second segment can be / i / (a ​​front vowel) if the vowel or the following consonant is frontal (e.g. palatal). Therefore, the vocal fracture in this strict sense can be seen as an example of assimilation of a vowel to a following vowel or consonant.

This is a characteristic of the “divesting southern pronunciation” of the southern American English, where the brief front vowels have developed a “transient sound” (semi -conscalic) up to [j], and therefore in some areas up to the free: Pat [Pæjat] , pet [PLATUS] , pit [PLATUS] . [ without source ]

In the English medium, a vowel was inserted /i/ between a front vowel and one /h/ following (pronounced [d] in this context), and a vowel /in/ inserted between a rear vowel and one /h/ following (pronounced [x] in this context). This is an example prototype in the strict sense of “vocal fracture” as described above: the original vowel breaks into a diphthong that assimilates the following consonant, obtaining a /i/ front in front of a palatal consonant e /in/ in front of a veil consonant.

There are two processes in the ancient English that represent examples of vocal harmonic fracture, called Old English breaking It is Back umlaut .

L’ Old English breaking It is a process taking place in the ancient prehistoric English through which the short and long accents vowels i, e, æ they become short and long dictone dictations respectively Hi, , when followed by h the r, l + other consonant (short vowels only), and sometimes from In (only for some short vowels).

Examples are: [2]

  • PG * They fail → Filmallan “fall”
  • PG * ero → eorþe “earth”

The Back umlaut It is a process taking place in the ancient prehistoric English through which short vowels i, e, æ The short diphthongs become respectively Hi, In front of the rear vowel of the next syllable, if the consonant who intervenes is of a certain nature.

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The It is Short accorted proto-germanic becomes regularly and or (in front of in ) jǫ in the ancient Norse except afterwards w, r, l . For example:

  • PG * ek (a) “I” → (is) year How Swedish I , Danese e Bokmål Norvegese I (but Jutlandic æ, a , Icelandic I → I , Norwegian nynorsk eg )
    • The Faroese both has them. The standard form is eg , while Suðuroy’s dialects have I .
  • PG * Hertōn “Heart” (in Eng. heart ) → AN heart , Svedese heart, Faroese heart , Danish heart
  • PG * ero “terra” (in ing. earth ) → proto-norreno * erþū → AN earth , Swedish, Danish land , Faroese earth

According to some scholars, [3] the diphthongation of It is It is an unconditional phonetic change, while others speak of Ephentesis [4] o umlaut. [5]

Some scholars [6] believe that vowels and in Of the protindee European (PIE) they have a type of fracture in front of an original laryndal, Armenian and tocario, while the other Indo-European languages ​​have monotonous. Typical examples are:

  • At * Ms. 3 wos → * gʷioHwos “alive” → gr. life , TOC. B śāw-, śāy- (but in Sanskrit jīvá- , years. Vivus )
  • At * anti -anti 3 kʷom → * anti “Frontal side” → gr. face “face”, toc. B most “chest” (but in Sanskrit prätīta- )
  • At * like 2 ros → * duaHros “Long” → gr. ie , arm. * tower → thiskar (Sanskrit Dūrá- , years. fist ).

However, the hypothesis is not adopted by most manuals.

  1. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Quarta Edizione 2000 di Houghton Mifflin Company.
  2. ^ Robert B. Howell 1991. Old English Breaking and Its Germanic Analogues (linguistic work, 253.). Tübingen: Max Niemeyer
  3. ^ J. Svensson, Diphthongation with palatal suggestions in the Nordic languages , Lund 1944.
  4. ^ H. Paul, “On the history of Germanic vocalism”, Contributions to the history of German language and culture 6 (1879) 16-30.
  5. ^ K. M. Nielsen, Acta philologa Scandinavica 24 (1957) 33-45.
  6. ^ ( OF ) F. Normer, in: Magazine for comparative language research 91 (1977) 171-218; J.S. Small, in: The laryngal theory and the reconstruction of the Indo-European sound and form system , Heidelberg 1988, 257-279; J.E. Rasmussen, in: Selected Papers on Indo-European Linguistics , Copenhagen 1999, 442-458.
  • ( IN ) Crowley, Terry. (1997) An Introduction to Historical Linguistics. 3rd edition. Oxford University Press.

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