Șandra (Timiș) – Wikipedia
Şandra (German Alexanderhausen , Hungarian Alexander ) is a municipality in the Timiș district in the Banat region in southwest Romania. It is located 35 km northwest of Timișoara (Temeswar) , halfway between Timișoara and Sânnicolau Mare.
On January 1, 1833, a settlement contract between the landlords and the future settlers was signed and in Pressburg by the bishop of the Agramer diocese of Alexander Alagovich, according to which the village was settled at the settlement Alexandria or Sándorháza was named. After part of the Banat in 1920 Romania was assigned, the place was given the Romanian name Şandra . The place is called the place in the Alexanderhausen dialect Scaler . [3]
The strictly square and symmetrical site is characteristic of Alexanderhausen. The so -called rondell is located in the middle of the village. The landmark of Alexanderhausen is the double -towered church in the Rondell, with the Eternal light as the center of the rondell and the village. The houses around the rondell are laid out in a circle. The rondell itself consists of four quarters. There is a small chapel in every quarter. To commemorate the 62 victims of the First World War, a war memorial was built in the Rondell. On the occasion of the celebration of the one hundred years of the municipality of Alexanderhausen, on June 4, 1933, the monument was inaugurated. The other three quarters of the circle are planted with trees. The “Freedom Monument” once stood in one of the quarters. There was an approximately 3 m high marble column on a mound, then an eagle with spread wings. The monument was supposed to commemorate the revolution of 1848/49. This monument was removed in 1944 by a regulation of the Romanian government. The two cemeteries with their cemetery chapels and crosses outside the village are also symmetrically laid down to the center of the center, as the two horse mills of the village were formerly. [3]
In 1833 140 families were settled, around 700 people. They came out: Bogarosch, Lenauheim, Grabatz, Triebswetter, Nero, Billed, Wiseschdia, Nitzkydorf, Großjetscha, Tschanad, Gottlob, Lovrin, Kleinjetscha, Groß-Sankt-Nikolaus and Warjasch. In 1842, 1231 Germans and 16 Serbs and Romanians lived in Alexanderhausen. In 1852 another 59 Kleinhäusler were located from the surrounding villages. The war memorial was inaugurated on the occasion of the celebration of the hundredth anniversary of the municipality of Alexanderhausen, on June 4, 1933.
Alexanderhausen had to complain about 62 fallen in the First World War of 170 soldiers. [3] On June 4, 1920, the Banat was divided into three divides due to Trianon’s contract. The largest, eastern part, which also included Alexanderhausen, fell on Romania. In 1923 Alexanderhausen received the official name șandra.
In 1941, Romania went to war on the side of Germany. In 1943, the intergovernmental agreement on the Romanian citizen of German nationality was concluded in the German Wehrmacht. Alexanderhausen had to complain about 61 fallen from a total of 200 soldiers in World War II. [3] The change of sides took place in 1944. Of the 170 Alexanderhauseners who were deported to the Soviet Union for forced labor in January 1945, 29 died during the deportation. As a result of the Land Reform Act of 1945, the German Germans took place. Another consequence of the war was the deportation of Germans from the border area to Yugoslavia in the Bărăgan steppe. This deportation began on the night of June 17-18, 1951. 17 families were deported from Alexanderhausen.
In 1945 there were 464 houses. On June 1, 1968, Alexanderhausen was incorporated into Biled. In 2004, șandra again received the status of a municipality. [4]
By signing the settlement contract, the settlers were in the lease. They received 30 Joch field each for life and a house place for full use. The settlers of the basic rule had to offer a lot of great consideration for the fields and house places. After years of efforts by the German settlers, they were freed from the obligations of the settlement contract on July 17, 1868. It is the replacement comparison signed by Bishop Georg Haulik. The municipality of Alexanderhausen was therefore free, but against a very large severance payment.
In 1890 the first steamed thrush company was founded in Alexanderhausen. In 1894 Alexanderhausen received rail connection over the Temeswar-Shanad route. The Farmersverein was founded in 1898. The collective industry was founded in 1949 as a result of the Land Reform Act of 1945. The Nationalization Act of June 11, 1948, which provided for the nationalization of all industrial and trade companies, banks and insurance companies, took place.
In 1955, the village was electrified by a streamy line in the electricity mill by Georg Burian and Magdalena Graf. In 1968, oil was discovered in the șandra area, which secured additional jobs. In 1974 the drinking water fountain was replaced by a water pipe.
There was a long music tradition in Alexanderhausen. The men’s singing club was founded in 1891 and the mixed choir in 1938. Even before the First World War there was a brass band under the direction of Nikolaus Hummel. He followed the chapel master Jakob Henzl. After 1944/45, Kapellmeister Josef Lammert continued this tradition and later led a boys’ chapel. In addition to the brass music band, there was also the Klein family’s string music orchestra in Alexanderhausen. Adam Lefort, one of the students of Klein, led a school children’s music band with great success. In 1950 a new string music orchestra was founded and played under the direction of Josef Him, who also played in brass music. The management of the brass band later took over Ewald Stefan, Norbert Pinczes, Horst Lesch and the last one was headed by the Werner Simone brass band.
The cultural activity of the teachers of Alexanderhausen was founded amateur play groups, a choir and a folk dance group. The folk dance group led by teacher Margarete Grawisch was even the winner in a competition from the Banat folk dance groups.
Sport has always been popular in Alexanderhausen. In the past, billiards and occasionally also chess were played in the village industrial houses. In the summer months, football was also played in addition to peoples. The cup games took place once a year. A handball team was founded in 1936. In 1933 there was already a soccer team. From 1950 even championship games were played. In the same year, the handball team also took part in the Timiș district championship. The new cultural center was completed in 1965.
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- 1833 – Foundation of Alexanderhausen by setting 140 families from the surrounding villages: Bogarosch, Grabatz, Lenauheim, Bified, Warjasch. Alexanderhausen belongs to the commentary.
- 1836 – Foundation of the parish and construction of the baroque double -towered parish church, the landmark of Alexanderhausen.
- 1842 – 1231 Germans and 16 Serbs and Romanians live in town
- 1848 – beginning of the bourgeois revolution. The Banat is also affected by the revolutionary turmoil.
- 1849 – The Banat becomes Austrian crown again.
- 1852 – Another 59 Kleinhäusler are located from the surrounding villages.
- 1860 – the “compensation” within the double monarchy. The Banat falls again on Hungary.
- 1890 – Foundation of the steam skirting company.
- 1894-Alexanderhausen receives train connection via the Temeswar-Shanad route.
- 1898 – Foundation of the farmers’ association.
- 1913 – Even before the First World War, a wind music band consisted of 10 men under the direction of Nikolaus Hummel.
- 1914 to 1918 – First World War. Alexanderhausen complains of 62 deaths of a total of 170 soldiers.
- 1916 – Entry of the war on Romania on the Allies.
- 1918 – decay of the K.U.K. Monarchy. Announcement of the autonomous Banater Republic.
- 1919 – Romania signs minority protection.
- 1920 – Trianon’s peace treaty resulted in the three division of the Banat: Alexanderhausen falls on Romania.
- 1923-The two hundredth anniversary of the settlement of the Germans in the Banat was celebrated on September 28, 1923 in Temeswar.
- 1929 – Foundation of the volunteer fire brigade in Alexanderhausen.
- 1933 – inauguration of the war memorial; Foundation of the football club in Alexanderhausen.
- 1936 – Foundation of the Alexanderhausen handball club.
- 1939 – outbreak of the Second World War.
- 1941 – Enter Romania on the side of the German Empire
- 1943 – Intergovernmental agreement on the Romanian citizen of German belonging to the German Wehrmacht. Alexanderhausen provides 200 soldiers, 61 of whom no longer return.
- 1944 – change of sides of Romania; Many take flight.
- 1945 – Deportation of all German women and men at work in labor camps to Russia; Of the 170 deported, 29 die in the warehouse.
- 1945 – floor reform law; Exhaustion of the Germans.
- 1948 – Kapellmeister Josef Lammert led the brass music chapel and a boys’ chapel. In addition to the brass music band, Alexanderhausen had a string music in the form of a family tradition of the Klein family.
- 1949 – Foundation of the collective economy.
- 1951-forced vacuation in the Baragan steppe; 17 families from Alexanderhausen are kidnapped.
- 1955-The first baragan-deported bends home and get their houses back.
- 1955 – Electrification of the village by a streamy line in the electricity mill by Georg Burian and Magdalena Graf.
- 1965 – Construction of the new cultural center in Alexanderhausen.
- 1967 – The Federal Republic of Germany is taking diplomatic relationships with Bucharest; The beginning of the wave of exit to Germany.
- 1968 – oil is discovered in the Alexanderhausen area.
- 1974 – The drinking water wells are replaced by the water pipe.
- 1989 – The revolution in Romania.
- ↑ Coloneling 2011 in Romania At CITYPOPulation.de
- ↑ Employee bei to the Central Electoral Bureau , accessed on April 25, 2021 (Romanian).
- ↑ a b c d Elke Hoffmann, Peter-Dietmar Leber, Walter Wolf: The Banat and the Banat Swabians, Volume 5: Cities and Villages. Munich 2011, ISBN 3-922979-63-7.
- ↑ Information from the Romanian parliament , accessed on September 9, 2018 (Romanian).
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