Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Repnin – Wikipedia

Posted on by

Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Repnin ( Russian Nikolai Vasilievich Repnin ; Science transliteration Nikolai Vasiljevich Repnin ; * March 11 jul. / March 22, 1734 greg. in Sankt Petersburg; † 12. Mai jul. / 24. May 1801 greg. In Riga) was a Russian prince, General Field Marshal of the Imperial Army and Diplomat from the Repnin family, which played a key role in the fall of the statehood of Poland Litau in the 18th century.

Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Repnin served under the command of his father, Prince Wassili Repnin, in the War of Succession in 1748 and lived abroad for some time. He later took part in the Seven Years’ War. Tsar Peter III. sent him to Berlin in 1763 as an ambassador after Russia had returned the conquered areas. In the same year, after the tsar murder, Katharina put the Great Repnin as an authorized minister in Warsaw.

Due to the high influence of Russia in Sejm in Poland, he became a de facto ruler in Poland, which he effectively implemented in the Russian sense [first] [2] . He had special instructions to form a pro-Russian party of dissidents (non-Catholics) that should get the same rights as Catholics in Poland. Very large parts of Poland Litauen were united and Russian orthodox with considerable legal disadvantages.

Repnin supported the formation of two Protestant confederations (in Sluck and Toruń), as well as the Catholic Confederation of Radom, listed by Karol Stanisław Radziwiłł. [3] He fulfilled the instructions conscientiously, sometimes even by force when he forced the SEJM (Repnin-Sejm) to alleviate them in the years 1767–1768. For this he had some of the sharpest adversaries deported to Kaluga in advance [4] [5] Unter Ander Józef Andrzej Załuski [6] and Wacław Rzewuski. The immediate result was the Confederation of Bar, which partially destroyed Repnin’s work, but ultimately only accelerated the demise of Poland-Litauen.

When the Russian-Osmani War broke out in 1768–1774, Repnin left Poland with great enthusiasm to fight against the Ottomans. He got command of several divisions that worked in Bessarabia and Wallachia and prevented a large Ottoman army from crossing the Pruth in 1770. He was characterized in the battles on the Larga and at Cahul, took Ismajil and Kilija.

In 1771 he received command over the entire Wallachia and defeated the Ottomans near Bucharest. However, a dispute with the commander -in -chief Rumjanzw forced him to resign. However, he soon participated in the acts of war, for example in taking Silistra and the negotiations that led to the signing of the peace of Küçük Kaynarca. Between 1775 and 1776, Repnin was Russian ambassador in Constantinople.

During the outbreak of the Bavarian War of Succession, he led a 30,000 -strong army to Wroclaw and forced the Austrians to close the peace of Teschen with Prussia, in which he was present as a Russian authorized representative.

During the new Russian-Octo-Osmani War, Repnin was the most successful among the Russian military leaders to Suworow. He defeated the Ottomans at Saltscha, captured the entire camp of Hassan Pascha and blocked him in Ismail. A reduction of the fortress attempted by Repnin was prohibited by Potemkin in 1789. After Potemkin’s death in 1791, Repnin became his successor as a commander -in -chief and immediately defeated the Ottomans’ Great Wesir in the Battle of Măcin. This defeat forced the Ottomans to sign the ceasefire from Galați on July 31, 1791.

After the second division of Poland, Repnin became Governor General of the Lithuanian provinces, where he cited the Russian armed forces when the Kościuszko uprising was supposed to. Zsar Paul I raised him in 1796 into the rank of field marshal [7] And sent him to Berlin and Vienna with diplomatic missions to avert Prussia from France and to forge a Russian-Prussian-Austrian Dreierbund against the Jacobins. However, Repnin was unsuccessful and was moved to retirement after his return. Nevertheless, in 1796 he was awarded the black eagle order by King Friedrich Wilhelm II of Prussia [8]

Repnin had an illegitimate son, the poet Iwan Pnin, and stubborn rumors were held that Polish statesman Adam Jerzy Czartoryyski was the result of his liaison with Isabella Fleming. In addition, Repnin had three marital daughters, who could not continue his family line. After Repnin’s death on May 24, 1801, the Princes family of the Repnins died out in the namesake. However, Tsar Alexander I Repnin’s grandson, Prince Nikolai Wolkonski, allowed his grandfather to use it and to take up in his family coat of arms.

Natalya Alexandrowna Repnina

Nikolai Wassiljewitsch Repnin married the court lady Natalja Alexandrowna Kurakina (1737–1798) in 1754. Four children emerged from the marriage. His daughter Alexandra Nikolajewna (1757–1834) was the wife of the Russian general and military governor of Orenburg Grigori Semjonowitsch Wolkonski (1742–1824).

  1. ↑ Gerhard Ritter: Frederick the Great. University of California Press, 1974, ISBN 978-0-520-02775-6, S. 189. limited preview In the Google book search
  2. ↑ Giacomo CASANOVA: History of My Life. Juhu press, 1997, isbn 978-0-8018-56665 limited preview In the Google book search
  3. ↑ Saulius A. Suziedelis: Historical Dictionary of Lithuania . Scarecrow Press, 2011, ISBN 978-0-8108-7536-4, S. 243.
  4. ↑ H. M. Scott: The Emergence of the Eastern Powers, 1756–1775. Cambridge University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0-521-79269-1, S. 182. limited preview In the Google book search
  5. ↑ Philipp Strahl: History of the Russian state: from the native of the Empress Elisabeth to the celebration of the peace of Kainardsche (1742–1775). Volume 5. Friedrich Perthes, 1853
  6. ↑ Giacomo CASANOVA: The Story of My Life. Penguin Books, 2001, ISBN 978-0-14-043915-1, S. 528. limited preview In the Google book search
  7. ↑ See also: List of field marshals of the Russian Empire
  8. ↑ Leopold von Zedlitz-Neukirch: New Prussian aristocratic lexicon . Band 2. S. 98.