[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki6\/gordon-brown-wikipedia\/#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki6\/gordon-brown-wikipedia\/","headline":"Gordon Brown \u2013 Wikipedia","name":"Gordon Brown \u2013 Wikipedia","description":"James Gordon Brown PC (born February 20, 1951 in Glasgow) is a British politician. From June 2007 to May 2010,","datePublished":"2019-02-28","dateModified":"2019-02-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki6\/author\/lordneo\/#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki6\/author\/lordneo\/","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Disambig-dark.svg\/25px-Disambig-dark.svg.png","url":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Disambig-dark.svg\/25px-Disambig-dark.svg.png","height":"19","width":"25"},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki6\/gordon-brown-wikipedia\/","wordCount":4338,"articleBody":" James Gordon Brown PC (born February 20, 1951 in Glasgow) is a British politician. From June 2007 to May 2010, he was the successor to Tony Blair Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and party leader ( party leader ) The Labor Party. He is currently a special inventory of the United Nations for Education. Since 1983 he had been a member of the DunferMline East constituency since 1983, and since a restructuring of the Scottish constituencies in 2005 he represented the constituency of Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath in the county of Fife. From May 1997 to June 2007, Brown was the treasure chancellor in Tony Blair’s cabinet and thus the longest reigning treasure chancellor since Nicholas Vansittart (1812-1823). Studied and academic career [ Edit | Edit the source text ]  In the courtyard of the University of Edinburgh Gordon Brown, whose father John Ebenezer Brown Pastor of the (Reformed) Church of Scotland was [first] , visited the Kirkcaldy High School. At the age of 16, Brown was approved at the University of Edinburgh, as the youngest new student at this university since World War II. [2] In a rugby game at the beginning of his studies, he suffered a kick on his head that led to a retinal detachment. Despite several operations, he blindly blindly lying in a darkened room for several months to save the second eyesight. [3] In 1972 he graduated in history as a Master of Arts and stayed at the university to do their doctorate. In the same year Gordon Brown became the youngest rector in the history of the University of Edinburgh. [2] In 1982 he received the doctoral degree. Brown’s doctoral thesis dealt with the history of the Scottish Labor Party from 1918 to 1929. Gordon Brown won as the rector of the University of Edinburgh, as chairman of the university court (even during his studies) and as a publisher of “The Red Paper on Scotland”. He taught at Glasgow Caledonian University before switching to Scottish Television (part of the ITV network) as a journalist. In 1986 he published a biography of Labor politician James Maxton. Political career [ Edit | Edit the source text ] In the 1979 lower house elections, Brown ran for the electoral district Edinburgh South , but lost to Michael Ancram from the conservative party. At the second attempt in the lower house elections in 1983, Brown was a member of Dunfermline East elected to the lower house. During this time he shared an office with the later Prime Minister Tony Blair. [2] Both became close friends during this time. [4] In 1985 he became a spokesman for the opposition for trade and industry. From 1987 he belonged to the shadow cabinet, first as a shadow chief secretary of the Treasury, then from 1989 as a shadow minister for trade and industry and from 1992 as a shadow chancellor. After the sudden death of Labor Chairman John Smith in May 1994, Brown was acted as a potential successor, but refrained from a candidacy in favor of Tony Blair. There are rumors that Blair promised during a meal in an Italian restaurant in Islington to give Brown control over economic policy and to withdraw after a certain time so that Brown could become prime minister himself. This agreement, also referred to as a “Granita deal”, was later contested by Tony Blair. [5] Cooperation between Blair and Brown played a central role in the development of New Labor. Both held together despite publicly reported tensions. As a treasure channel, Brown was working on expanding his knowledge of financial issues. He wanted to demonstrate the competence of Labor on economic issues and in the fight against inflation. Prudence (“Prudence”) became Brown’s catchphrase and he maintained a grumpy and even stingy appearance, although he is described by friends as a humorous and romantic man. He convinced the Labor Party to take over the conservative’s expenditure plan for two years after the takeover. Treasurer [ Edit | Edit the source text ] After Brown took office as a treasure chancellor in May 1997, he granted the Bank of England unrestricted freedom in monetary policy and thus the responsibility for the determination of interest rates. The conservatives were against the measure because they regarded them as the first step to abolish the pound of Sterling and join the European Economic and Monetary Union. The Liberal Democrats, on the other hand, saw one of their main concerns fulfilled. In fact, Brown is considered less euro-friendly than most members of the Blair government, and disagreements between him and the euro supporters in the government such as B. Peter Hain and Jack Straw clearly.  Gordon Brown with Brazil’s President Lula da Silva at the 2007 World Economic Forum in Davos The income taxes and corporate taxes sank noticeably under Brown. As soon as the conservative’s expenditure plan expired, Brown enforced larger expenses in the areas of health and education from 2000. From 1997 to 2006, according to OECD, the average annual economic growth was 2.7 percent, around 0.6 percent higher than in the euro zone. The unemployment rate dropped from 7 to 5.5 percent. On June 15, 2004, Brown became the longest continuously incumbent treasure chancellor since Nicholas Vansittart (1812\u201323). In May 2004, poll values \u200b\u200bshowed that Labor would only regain the majority in parliament if Gordon Brown would lead her instead of Tony Blair. The Vice Prime Minister John Prescott at the time announced that there were serious changes, but in October 2004 Tony Blair announced that he would compete for a third term. Prime Minister and party leader [ Edit | Edit the source text ]  Gordon Brown (2nd from right) and his wife Sarah (left) with George W. Bush and his wife Laura in June 2008 Brown received the support of 313 of the 353 parliamentary members of his party on May 17, 2007. The Labor Executive Committee then officially determined him for Blair’s successor. First, Tony Blair handed the position of party leader to Brown at a special party conference in Manchester on a special party conference in Manchester. Since June 27, 2007, Brown, as Prime Minister, has led the government business. Labor initiated the campaign at the beginning of his term Not Flash, Just Gordon , in which a partial departure of Blairs New Labour was expressed. Brown used the catchphrase New Labour hardly in public appearances. Brown also published his manifesto for change (Manifesto of change), in which he promised to continue to regard the National Health Service as its top priority, continued to promise a rigorously procedure against corruption and promised a new weighting of the relationship between central power and local administration. After that there was speculation about an early election; Brown announced in October that there would be no new elections. Labor soon fell behind the surveys Tories To go back to David Cameron, and important post -elections were lost. In September 2007, the financial company Northern Rock got into trouble, which led to the first run on a British bank since time immemorial. [6] Overall, Brown’s term of office was overshadowed by the financial crisis from 2007. After Brown as a treasure chancellor had acquired a reputation for high economic expertise, his name was more connected to the financial crisis than with other government leaders. In response, Brown laced a bank rescue package of \u00a3 500 billion. Nevertheless, Great Britain’s economy recovered very slowly and the Labor poll values \u200b\u200bshowed no upward trend. According to the American model, the British lower house elections in 2010 saw the first direct TV duel between the party leaders. After the elections lost to Labor and the subsequent failure of negotiations with the Liberalemocratic Party, Brown resigned from his offices on May 11, 2010 as Prime Minister and Chairman of the Labor Party [7] And since then, belonged to the lower house as a simple MP. Evaluation of Brown’s term as Prime Minister [ Edit | Edit the source text ] Various judgments were made about Brown as prime minister. [8] His followers drew the image of an inspiring and brilliant leadership, which defended the interests of the United Kingdom and had stabilized the global economy in the banking and financial crisis from 2007. Critics described him as inaccessible, suspicious and authoritarian. Inner party conflicts, especially with Tony Blair and intrigues, increased this impression. Political observers like Robert Harris and Christopher Hitchens compared Brown’s political style with that of Richard Nixon. [9] Brown is partly described as a so-called “tail end” prime minister, whose term of office is a little more than one epilogue on Blair’s decade as prime minister. [ten] After the 2010 lower house election [ Edit | Edit the source text ] Brown spent the next few years as a backbencher. On December 1, 2014, he announced his withdrawal from politics and declared that he did not want to run again in the 2015 lower house elections. [11] Kenny Selbie competed for the Labor Party in his constituency of Kirkcaldy and Cowdenbeath. However, he could not prevail against SNP candidate Roger Mullin. [twelfth] In addition to his work as a special envoy of the United Nations for Global Education, Gordon Brown is Chairman of the Global Strategic Infrastructure Initiative of the World Economic Forum and Distinguished Global Leader in Residence an der New York University. [13] [14] Private life [ Edit | Edit the source text ]  Sarah and Gordon Brown, 2009 Gordon Brown has been married to Sarah Macaulay since August 3, 2000. [15] In contrast to Cherie Blair, Sarah Brown rarely appeared in public. She is a PR manager by profession and was a co-managing director in the consulting firm until 2001 Hobsbawm Macaulay , together with Julia Hobsbawm, the daughter of the historian and social scientist Eric Hobsbawm. On December 28, 2001, Sarah Brown gave birth to a daughter that was born early, who died on January 8, 2002. [16] The second child, a son, was born on October 17, 2003. Another son was born on July 17, 2006. It has been known since the end of 2006 that the child is suffering from cystic fibrosis. [17] Brown himself lost the eyesight of an eye in a rugby accident as a teenager and the eyesight of his remaining eye was very weak. [18] As a letter to the mother of a killed British soldier revealed, his handwritten skills suffer considerably. [19] Brown has a driver’s license, but he has not been at the wheel of a car since the age of 21. [20] Brown has two brothers. John Brown heads the Department of Public Relations of the city administration of Glasgow; Andrew Brown heads the PR department of Edf Energy, the British subsidiary of \u00c9lectricit\u00e9 de France. Own writings [ Edit | Edit the source text ]  Seven Ways to Change the World: How To Fix The Most Pressing Problems We Face. Simon & Schuster, London 2021. ISBN 1-3985-0361-4. My Scotland, Our Britain. A Future Worth Sharing . Simon & Schuster, 2014. ISBN 978-1-47113-748-8. What follows: How we create new growth worldwide . Campus publishable, 2011. ISBN 978-3-593-39-39453-4. Speeches 1997\u20132006 . Edited by Wilf Stevenson. Bloomsbury Publishing, London 2006. ISBN 0-74758-837-6. mit Tony Wright: Values, Visions and Voices \u2013 An Anthology of Socialism . Mainstream Publishing, 1995. ISBN 1-85158-731-4. Where There’s Greed \u2013 Margaret Thatcher and the Betrayal of Britain’s Future . Mainstream Publishing, 1989. ISBN 1-85158-228-2. With Robin Cook: Scotland \u2013 The Real Divide, Poverty and Deprivation in Scotland . Mainstream Publishing, 1987. ISBN 0-906391-18-0. Maxton \u2013 A Biography . Mainstream Publishing, 1986. ISBN 1-85158-042-5. Biography [ Edit | Edit the source text ] Tom Bower: Gordon Brown . HarperCollins, 2003. ISBN 0-00-717540-X. Brian Brivati: Chapter on Gordon Brown in Labour Forces . IB Taurus Publishing, 2002, ISBN 1-41751-633-X. William Keegan: The Prudence of Mr Gordon Brown . John Wiley, 2003. Isbn 0-470-84697-6. Kevin Maguire: Chapter on Gordon Brown in Dictionary of Labour Biography . politicos Publishing, 2001. ISBN 1-90230-118-8 James Naughtie: The Rivals \u2013 The Intimate Story of a Political Marriage . Fourth Estate, 2001. ISBN 1-84115-473-3. Robert Peston: Brown’s Britain \u2013 How Gordon Runs the Show . Short Books, 2005. ISBN 1-904095-67-4. Paul Routledge: Gordon Brown \u2013 The Biography . Simon & Schuster, 1998. Isbn 0-684-81954-6. Steve Richards: Whatever it takes. The real story of Gordon Brown and New Labour. HarperCollins, 2010 ISBN 978-0-00-732032-5 Miscellaneous [ Edit | Edit the source text ] Hugh Pym, Nick Kochan: Gordon Brown \u2013 The First Year in Power . Bloomsbury Publishing, 1998. ISBN 0-74753-701-1. Andrew Rawnsley: Servants of the people \u2013 The inside story of New Labour . Penguin Books, 2001. ISBN 0-14-027850-8. Greg Rosen: Old Labour to New . politicos Publishing, 2005. ISBN 1-84275-045-3 Paul Routledge: Bumper Book of British Lefties . politicos Publishing, 2003. ISBN 1-84275-064-X. Anthony Seldon: Brown at 10 . Biteback, 2010. ISBN 978-1-84954-069-8. \u2191   Biography In the Encyclop\u00e6dia Britannica (English), as of June 16, 2016  \u2191 a b c  Official short biography on gov.uk (English)  \u2191  John Campbell: Pistols at Dawn: Two Hundred Years of Political Rivalry from Pitt and Fox to Blair and Brown. Vintage Books, London 2009, S. 348.  \u2191  John Campbell: Pistols at Dawn: Two Hundred Years of Political Rivalry from Pitt and Fox to Blair and Brown. Vintage Books, London 2009, S. 349.  \u2191  John Campbell: Pistols at Dawn: Two Hundred Years of Political Rivalry from Pitt and Fox to Blair and Brown. Vintage Books, London 2009, S. 359 ff.  \u2191  John Campbell: Pistols at Dawn: Two Hundred Years of Political Rivalry from Pitt and Fox to Blair and Brown. Vintage Books, London 2009, S. 400.  \u2191  Gordon Brown’s resignation speech in full. The Guardian, 11. Mai 2010.  \u2191  Political James: Gordon Brown: Giant of his age or failed prime minister? BBC News, December 1, 2014, accessed on December 1st, 2014 (English).   \u2191  Christopher Hitchens: No, Prime Minister! Vanity Fair  \u2191  John Campbell: Pistols at Dawn: Two Hundred Years of Political Rivalry from Pitt and Fox to Blair and Brown. Vintage Books, London 2009, S. 407.  \u2191  Gordon Brown announces he will stand down as MP. BBC News, December 1, 2014, accessed on December 1st, 2014 (English).   \u2191  Results of the 2015 lower house elections  \u2191  Gordon Brown on educationsvoy.org, accessed on June 16, 2016  \u2191  Gordon Brown On the Gordon and Sarah Brown website, accessed on June 16, 2016  \u2191  Gordon and Sarah wed at home news.bbc.co.uk, 3. August 2000  \u2191  W\u00fcterich built close to the water . In: stern.de . February 15, 2010 ( stern.de [accessed on October 21, 2018]).   \u2191  Late horror. In: Sueddeutsche.de. July 12, 2011, accessed on March 9, 2018 .   \u2191  Rheinische Post , Guardian , The Telegraph  \u2191  Embarrassing letter from the Prime Minister – Gordon scracel. S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung, 17. May 2010, accessed on October 25, 2022 .   \u2191  When were prime ministers banned from driving? BBC.com, February 19, 2015  "},{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki6\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2en\/wiki6\/gordon-brown-wikipedia\/#breadcrumbitem","name":"Gordon Brown \u2013 Wikipedia"}}]}]