[{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BlogPosting","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki10\/archives\/10567#BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki10\/archives\/10567","headline":"Gallagher-Index  – \u30a6\u30a3\u30ad\u30da\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2","name":"Gallagher-Index  – \u30a6\u30a3\u30ad\u30da\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2","description":"before-content-x4 Gallagher-Index \u9078\u6319\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u9078\u6319\u5e73\u7b49\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u9078\u6319\u3067\u306e\u515a\u306e\u6295\u7968\u306e\u5206\u914d\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u7acb\u6cd5\u671f\u9593\u306e\u515a\u306b\u5ea7\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5272\u5408\u306e\u5dee\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u884c\u3046\u306b\u306f\u3001\u97f3\u58f0\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u5404\u653f\u515a\u306e\u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u30fc\u30c8\u30b7\u30a7\u30a2\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306e\u5e73\u65b9\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u306e\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u534a\u5206\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 [\u521d\u3081] LSq= 12\u2211i=1n(Vi\u2212Si)2{displaystyle mathrm {lsq} = {sqrt {{frac {1} {2}} sum _ {i = 1}^{n}\uff08v_ {i} -s_","datePublished":"2023-06-16","dateModified":"2023-06-16","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki10\/archives\/author\/lordneo#Person","name":"lordneo","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki10\/archives\/author\/lordneo","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/44a4cee54c4c053e967fe3e7d054edd4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Enzyklop\u00e4die","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/wiki4\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/download.jpg","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/wikimedia.org\/api\/rest_v1\/media\/math\/render\/svg\/184640ba60258f67f8843e70607ef47f0ed5d5da","url":"https:\/\/wikimedia.org\/api\/rest_v1\/media\/math\/render\/svg\/184640ba60258f67f8843e70607ef47f0ed5d5da","height":"","width":""},"url":"https:\/\/wiki.edu.vn\/all2jp\/wiki10\/archives\/10567","wordCount":1759,"articleBody":"     (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});before-content-x4 Gallagher-Index \u9078\u6319\u7d50\u679c\u306e\u9078\u6319\u5e73\u7b49\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u9078\u6319\u3067\u306e\u515a\u306e\u6295\u7968\u306e\u5206\u914d\u3068\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u7acb\u6cd5\u671f\u9593\u306e\u515a\u306b\u5ea7\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5272\u5408\u306e\u5dee\u3092\u3082\u305f\u3089\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3092\u884c\u3046\u306b\u306f\u3001\u97f3\u58f0\u5185\u5bb9\u3068\u5404\u653f\u515a\u306e\u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u30fc\u30c8\u30b7\u30a7\u30a2\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306e\u5e73\u65b9\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u306e\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u534a\u5206\u3092\u53d6\u5f97\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 [\u521d\u3081] LSq= 12\u2211i=1n(Vi\u2212Si)2{displaystyle mathrm {lsq} = {sqrt {{frac {1} {2}} sum _ {i = 1}^{n}\uff08v_ {i} -s_ {i}\uff09^{2}}}}}}}}        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4LSQ\u306f\u7565\u3067\u3059 \u6700\u5c0f\u4e8c\u4e57 \u3001 \u307e\u305f \u6700\u5c0f\u306e\u30af\u30a2\u30c9\u30e9\u30c3\u30c8 \u3002 n\u306f\u5f53\u4e8b\u8005\u306e\u6570\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3001V\u306f\uff05\uff08\u6295\u7968\uff09\u306e\u6295\u7968\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3001\u8b70\u4f1a\u306e\u8b70\u5e2d\u306eS\u306f\uff05\u306e\u5e2d\u3092\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u91cd\u307f\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u81ea\u4f53\u306e\u5024\u306b\u5fdc\u3058\u3066\u504f\u5dee\u3092\u91cd\u307f\u4ed8\u3051\u3057\u3001\u5fdc\u7b54\u6027\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u304c\u4f4e\u3044\u307b\u3069\u3001\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u304c\u4f4e\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3001\u9006\u3082\u540c\u69d8\u3067\u3059\u3002\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u30de\u30a4\u30b1\u30eb\u30fb\u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ac\u30fc \u4ed6\u306e\u30d1\u30fc\u30c6\u30a3\u30fc \uff08\u30de\u30f3\u30c7\u30fc\u30c8\u306a\u3057\uff09\u5225\u306e\u30ab\u30c6\u30b4\u30ea\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3002        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306f1989\u5e74\u306b\u958b\u767a\u3055\u308c\u30011991\u5e74\u306b\u8a18\u4e8b\u3067\u521d\u3081\u3066\u958b\u767a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f \u6bd4\u4f8b\u6027\u3001\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u9078\u6319\u5236\u5ea6\u3002 Journal Electoral Studies\u306b\u63b2\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [2] \u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ac\u30fc\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u4eca\u65e5\u306e\u9078\u6319\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u8005\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3068\u30011911\u5e74\u306e\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30ec\u30fb\u30b5\u30f3\u30c8\u30fb\u30e9\u30b0\u30a8\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a18\u4e8b\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [3] \u30ab\u30ca\u30c0\u3067\u306f\u30015\uff08\uff05\uff09\u306e\u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ac\u30fc\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u304c\u3001\u5e73\u7b49\u3092\u6301\u3064\u9078\u6319\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u4e0a\u9650\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [4] [5] [6] 100\u304b\u56fd\u4ee5\u4e0a\u30671,050\u3092\u8d85\u3048\u308b\u9078\u6319\u306e\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u4fa1\u5024\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ac\u30fc\u306e\u6587\u66f8\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306f27\u306e\u9078\u6319\u3067\u3082\u4ee3\u8868\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [7] \u6700\u9ad8\u306e\u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ac\u30fc\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306f1990\u5e74\u306e\u30d0\u30f3\u30c7\u30bf\u30b0\u9078\u6319\u3067\u30012013\u5e74\u307e\u30675.5\u306e\u4fa1\u5024\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f [8] \u4ee5\u524d\u306f\u30012002\u5e74\u306e3.8\u3067\u306e\u30d6\u30f3\u30c7\u30b9\u30bf\u30b0\u9078\u6319\u304c\u7d9a\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [8] 2013\u5e74\u306e\u9023\u90a6\u9078\u6319\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ac\u30fc\u6307\u6570\u306f7.83\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u6700\u5927\u5024\u3092\u8868\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6700\u3082\u4f4e\u3044\u4fa1\u5024\u306f\u30011983\u5e74\u306e\u53f8\u4f1a\u8005\u9078\u6319\u30670.50\u30011976\u5e74\u306e\u53f8\u4f1a\u8005\u9078\u6319\u30670.59\u30011972\u5e74\u306e\u53f8\u4f1a\u8005\u9078\u6319\u30670.67\u3067\u3059\u3002 Bundestag\u9078\u6319\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ac\u30fc\u6307\u6570\u306e\u958b\u767a\uff1a [8]        (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4\u3053\u306e\u8868\u306f\u30012021\u5e74\u306e\u30d0\u30f3\u30c7\u30bf\u30b0\u9078\u6319\u306e2\u56de\u76ee\u306e\u6295\u7968\u7d50\u679c\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u30d0\u30f3\u30c7\u30bf\u30b0\u306e\u6bd4\u4f8b\u6027\u304c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u653f\u6cbb\u56e3\u4f53 \u6295\u7968\u306e\uff05 \u5ea7\u5e2d\u306e\uff05 \u9055\u3044 \u9055\u3044 \u56db\u304b\u304f\u306e\u4e2d\u306b  SPD 25.74 27.99 2.25 5.06  CDU 18.90 20.65 1.75 3.07  \u30b0\u30ea\u30fc\u30f3 14.75 16.03 1.28 1.65  FDP 11.46 12.50 1.04 1.08  afd 10.34 11.28 0.94 0.88  CSU 5.17 6.11 0.94 0.89  \u5de6 4.89 5.30 0.41 0.17  SSW 0.12 0.14 0.02 0.00  \u305d\u306e\u4ed6 8.63 0 -8,63 74,48  \u9055\u3044\u306e\u6b63\u65b9\u5f62\u306e\u5408\u8a08  87.27  \u5408\u8a08\u30922\u3067\u5272\u3063\u305f  43.63  \u306e\u30eb\u30fc\u30c8\uff08\u5408\u8a08\u30922\u3067\u5272\u3063\u305f\uff09  6,61  \u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u7121\u8996\u3055\u308c\u305f\u58f0\u304c\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u30ab\u30a6\u30f3\u30c8\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30d0\u30f3\u30c7\u30bf\u30b0\u9078\u63192021\u5e74\u306e\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u306f6.61\u3067\u3059\u3002\u7121\u8996\u3055\u308c\u305f\u58f0\u306f\u3001\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u306b\u6700\u3082\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u500b\u3005\u306e\u56fd\u306e\u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ac\u30fc\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u756a\u53f7\u306e\u307f\u304c\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [9] \u571f\u5730 \u5e74 \u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ac\u30fc\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9 \u30d9\u30eb\u30ae\u30fc 2019\u5e74 3.92 \u30c7\u30f3\u30de\u30fc\u30af 2019\u5e74 2.39 \u30c9\u30a4\u30c4 2021 3.48 EU 2019\u5e74 7.87 \u30d5\u30a3\u30f3\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9 2019\u5e74 3.55 \u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9 2017\u5e74 21.12 \u30a4\u30bf\u30ea\u30a2 2018\u5e74 5.70 \u30aa\u30e9\u30f3\u30c0 2021 1.31 \u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30ea\u30a2 2019\u5e74 1.85 \u30dd\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9 2019\u5e74 6.60 \u30b9\u30ed\u30d0\u30ad\u30a2 2020 12.37 \u30b9\u30a6\u30a7\u30fc\u30c7\u30f3 2018\u5e74 0.63 \u30b9\u30a4\u30b9 2019\u5e74 2.46 \u30c1\u30a7\u30b3\u5171\u548c\u56fd 2017\u5e74 7.21 \u9e7f 2020 1.44 \u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ac\u30fc\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u30eb\u30fc\u30ba\u30e2\u30a2\u30cf\u30f3\u30d3\u30fc\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306b\u4f3c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5272\u5408\u3068\u5ea7\u5e2d\u6570\u306e\u9593\u306e\u7d76\u5bfe\u5dee\u306e\u5408\u8a08\u3092\u8a08\u7b97\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002 D= 12\u2211|vi\u2212si|{displaystyle mathrm {d} = {{frac {1} {2} {2}} sum\u5de6| v_ {i} -s_ {i}\u53f3|}}} [\u521d\u3081] \u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ac\u30fc\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u5272\u5408\u3068\u5ea7\u5e2d\u6570\u306e\u9593\u306e\u5927\u304d\u306a\u9038\u8131\u306b\u3088\u308a\u654f\u611f\u3067\u3059\u3002 [\u5341] SainteLagu\u00eb\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u6210\u529f\u3057\u305f\u5024\u304b\u3089\u5c0e\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3001Gallagher\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u300c\u304a\u305d\u3089\u304f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u6700\u3082\u5805\u5b9f\u306a\u300d\u3068\u898b\u306a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 [11] SLI= \u2211 (S\u2212V)2V{displaystyle mathrm {sli} = sum {\uff08s-v\uff09^{2} over v}}} \u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d4\u30a2\u30bd\u30f3\u306e\u30c1\u30ab\u30c9\u30e9\u30c3\u30c8\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306b\u306f\u5f37\u3044\u8fd1\u63a5\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7d71\u8a08\u7684\u57fa\u76e4\u304c\u826f\u597d\u3067\u3059\u3002 SainteLagu\u00eb\u624b\u9806\u306f\u3001SainteLagu\u00eb\u30a4\u30f3\u30c7\u30c3\u30af\u30b9\u3092\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306b\u6291\u3048\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u2191 a b  \u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u306e\u6e2c\u5b9a \uff08PDF; 147 kb\uff09\u3002 2012\u5e747\u670829\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97\u3002  \u2191  \u30de\u30a4\u30b1\u30eb\u30fb\u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ac\u30fc\uff1a \u6bd4\u4f8b\u6027\u3001\u4e0d\u5747\u8861\u3001\u9078\u6319\u5236\u5ea6 \uff08 \u8a18\u5ff5 \u306e \u30aa\u30ea\u30b8\u30ca\u30eb 2016\u5e743\u67084\u65e5\u304b\u3089 \u30a4\u30f3\u30bf\u30fc\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30a2\u30fc\u30ab\u30a4\u30d6 \uff09\uff09  \u60c5\u5831\uff1a 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\u6295\u7968\u6a29\u306e\u30b8\u30ec\u30f3\u30de\u304b\u3089\u306e\u30d1\u30b9\uff1a\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306e\u9078\u6319\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u9078\u629e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6539\u9769\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u5206\u6790\uff08\u7de0\u7d04\u56fd\u304a\u3088\u3073\u9078\u631921\uff09\u3001Niels Dehmel\u3001ISBN 978-3-8487-6697-0\u30012019\u5e74  \u2191  \u9078\u6319\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u30de\u30a4\u30b1\u30eb\u30fb\u30ae\u30e3\u30e9\u30ac\u30fc\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u5b66\u90e8\u3001\u30c8\u30ea\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u30fb\u30ab\u30ec\u30c3\u30b8\u30fb\u30c0\u30d6\u30ea\u30f3\u30012006\u5e74  \u2191  \u30d6\u30eb\u30fc\u30ce\u30fb\u30b7\u30e1\u30aa\u30fc\u30cd\uff1a \u6570\u5b66\u3068\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff1a\u6295\u7968\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3068\u96c6\u56e3\u7684\u9078\u629e\u306e\u6700\u8fd1\u306e\u9032\u6b69 \u3001Springer\u30012006\u3001S\u3002242\u3001 Google Books \u3002 2012\u5e747\u670829\u65e5\u306b\u53d6\u5f97\u3002  \u2191  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