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[3] 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       (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});after-content-x4Viktor Cathrin\u306f\u3001\u502b\u7406\u306f\u500b\u4eba\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3001\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u307e\u305f\u306f\u9593\u63a5\u7684\u306b\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u306e\u307f\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u898b\u89e3\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u502b\u7406\u306f\u500b\u3005\u306e\u502b\u7406\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4e0d\u53ef\u6b20\u3067\u3059\u3002\u5bfe\u7167\u7684\u306b\u3001\u30a2\u30fc\u30b5\u30fc\u30fbF\u30fb\u30a6\u30c3\u30c4\u306f\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u502b\u7406\u304c\u500b\u3005\u306e\u502b\u7406\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u72ec\u7acb\u3092\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306b\u6307\u6458\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u4e21\u65b9\u3068\u3082\u300c\u500b\u4eba\u502b\u7406\u300d\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u502b\u7406\u306f\u5e38\u306b\u300c2\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u9593\u3067\u3088\u308a\u9ad8\u3044\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u30e6\u30cb\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u7406\u89e3\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u5f7c\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u76ee\u6a19\u3068\u306e\u5225\u3005\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3082\u306f\u3084\u8a18\u9332\u3055\u308c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u300d\u3002 [3] \u500b\u4eba\u306f\u5225\u3005\u306e\u76ee\u7684\u3092\u8ffd\u6c42\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u3046\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u610f\u5473\u306e\u3042\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u884c\u52d5\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001Utz\u306f\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u500b\u3005\u306e\u502b\u7406\u306b\u512a\u5148\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002 \u793e\u4f1a\u502b\u7406\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u306f\u300119\u4e16\u7d00\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u5909\u5316\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u6587\u8108\u3067\u4f5c\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30a2\u30ec\u30af\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30d5\u30a9\u30f3\u30aa\u30c3\u30c6\u30a3\u30f3\u30b2\u30f3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6700\u521d\u306b\u5c0e\u5165\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [4] \u5f7c\u306f\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u5f62\u306e\u502b\u7406\u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u306f\u300c\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u6cd5\u300d\u306e\u300c\u5e30\u7d0d\u7684\u6570\u3068\u6570\u91cf\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u300d\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002 [5] Oettingen\u306e\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u306f\u4e3b\u306b\u30d7\u30ed\u30c6\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u4fdd\u5b88\u6d3e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u30ab\u30c8\u30ea\u30c3\u30af\u306f\u6559\u4f1a\u306e\u300c\u793e\u4f1a\u6559\u80b2\u300d\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u3044\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u30ce\u30a4\u30b9\u30b3\u30e9\u30b9\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30af\u502b\u7406\u306e\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u6cd5\u300d\u304b\u3089\u306e\u300c\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u793e\u4f1a\u300d\u306e\u539f\u5247\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 [6] \u300c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306a\u5c0a\u53b3\u300d\u3001\u9023\u5e2f\u3001\u5b50\u4f1a\u793e\u3001\u79c1\u6709\u8ca1\u7523\u306e\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u7fa9\u52d9\u3002 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[]).push({});after-content-x4\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u5dee\u5225\u5316\u306e\u5897\u5927\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u502b\u7406\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u306f\u307e\u3059\u307e\u3059\u5747\u4e00\u306a\u5275\u9020\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u502b\u7406\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u3068\u4eba\u4e8b\u306e\u502b\u7406\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u540c\u7b49\u306e\u898f\u5f8b\u306b\u78ba\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\u6587\u5316\u7684\u95d8\u4e89\u4ee5\u6765\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u7af6\u5408\u3059\u308b\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u7b56\u306e\u6982\u5ff5\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002 1892\u5e74\u306b\u8a2d\u7acb\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e \u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u306e\u502b\u7406\u6587\u5316\u5354\u4f1a 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\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u3068\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u9053\u5fb3\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u7d4c\u9a13\u7684\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u3067\u793e\u4f1a\u502b\u7406\u3092\u8a66\u307f\u308b1\uff1a\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u3002\u751f\u7269\u751f\u7269\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u9053\u5fb3\u7684\u751f\u547d\u904b\u52d5\u306e\u6cd5\u5247\u306e\u5e30\u7d0d\u7684\u8a3c\u62e0 \uff081868\uff09  \u2191  Theodor Meyer\uff1a \u52b4\u50cd\u8005\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u3068\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u306e\u502b\u7406\u7684\u306a\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u539f\u5247 \uff081895\uff09;\u30cf\u30a4\u30f3\u30ea\u30c3\u30d2\u30fb\u30da\u30c3\u30b7\u30e5\uff1a \u81ea\u7531\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u30ad\u30ea\u30b9\u30c8\u6559\u793e\u4f1a\u79e9\u5e8f \uff081891\uff09  \u2191  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